scholarly journals Effects of xylazine, lignocaine and their combination for lumbar epidural analgesia in water buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Singh ◽  
K. Pratap ◽  
Amarpal P. Kinjavdekar ◽  
H.P. Aithal ◽  
G.R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Buffalo Calves ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Group A

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylazine alone (0.05 mg/kg), lignocaine alone (2.0 mg/kg) and a combination of xylazine and lignocaine (0.05 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) after lumbar epidural administration in water buffalo calves. Fifteen nondescript, male water buffalo calves of 6-8 months of age and weighing between 55 and 75 kg were randomly placed in 3 groups (A, B and C). The agents were administered at the 1st lumbar epidural space. Clinico-physiological parameters such as analgesia, ataxia, sedation, salivation, heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were studied. Other haematological and biochemical parameters monitored were haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count, plasma glucose, cortisol, protein albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALT, sodium, potassium and chloride. The onset of analgesia was faster in groupC(3.0 + 0.44 min) compared with that of group B (4.4 + 0.40 min) and group A (34.0 + 1.86 min). Analgesia of the thorax, flank, inguinal region, hind limbs, perineum and tail was complete in group C, but mild to moderate in groupsAand B.Ataxia was severe in groups B and C and mild in group A. Mild to deep sedation were produced by groups A and C animals. Longer duration and greater depth of analgesia was produced in animals in group C. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature decreased in groups A and C. The haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. The biochemical parameters like glucose, cortisol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ALTincreased in all the animals. However, total proteins and albumin decreased in the 3 groups. The plasma electrolytes sodium, potassium and chloride did not show any significant change. The results of this study indicated a possible additive analgesic interaction between epidurally administered xylazine and lignocaine, without causing any marked systemic effects in water buffalo calves.

Comparison of intramuscular alfaxalone and ketamine combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration in cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Khenissi ◽  
Olga Nikolayenkova-Topie ◽  
Ségolène Broussaud ◽  
Gwenola Touzot-Jourde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Recovery Score ◽  
Group A ◽  
To Receive

Objectives Cardiorespiratory parameters and anaesthesia quality in cats anaesthetised with either intramuscular (IM) alfaxalone or ketamine both combined with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol for castration were evaluated. Methods Thirty-two client-owned cats were randomly assigned to receive either alfaxalone (A; 3 mg/kg IM) or ketamine (K; 5 mg/kg IM), combined with dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (T°) were recorded prior to drug administration. Pulse rate (PR) and RR were recorded 10 (T10) and 15 (T15) mins after injection (T0). Cardiorespiratory values (PR, RR, SPO2, blood pressure, PE′CO2) were recorded every 5 mins for the duration of the procedure. Pain at injection, intubation and recovery were evaluated with simple descriptive scores. Feasibility of anaesthesia was evaluated by the number of top-ups of anaesthetic needed. Cat attitude, ability to walk and presence of ataxia were assessed several times after extubation (Texmin) and the time between injection and extubation recorded. Pain was assessed at Tex120 and Tex240 with the 4Avet-pain score. Results The RR was significantly lower in group K at T10 (RRK = 28 ±13.35 breaths per minute [brpm], RRA= 43.24 ±7.04 brpm) and T15 (RRK = 28 ±11.53 brpm vs RRA = 43 ±12.18 brpm). Time to extubation was significantly longer in group A (TA = 62 ±14.6 mins, TK = 45.13 ± 7.38 mins). Cats in group K needed more top-ups, were more ataxic at Tex120, had a worse recovery score at Tex60 and were less willing to walk at Tex30. Conclusions and relevance Cats receiving alfaxalone had a longer but better quality recovery. Cardiorespiratory parameters were stable and within clinically acceptable values following IM injection of either alfaxalone or ketamine in healthy cats. Intramuscular alfaxalone is a suitable alternative to ketamine for short procedures requiring anaesthesia when used in combination with dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

scholarly journals Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
P. Pennisi ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and the course of some blood parameters were monitored in calves during perinatal and neonatal periods. The study was carried out on eight Limousine calves. From all subjects, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured. Blood samples were taken at the same hour (9am) from the external jugular vein, and then centrifuged and stored until analyses. By means of an UV spectrophotometer, the following blood parameters were assessed for each subject: total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutirate, glutamate pyruvate transaminases (GPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminases (GOT), direct and total bilirubin, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sodium. The results showed a significant effect of days of life (P<0.05) only on total cholesterol, creatinine and GOT during the first week of life and a significant effect of days of life on rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, total cholesterol, NEFA, creatinina, and GOT during the first month of life. A correlation among individual values for postnatal age (days of life) and heart rate in calves during the first month of life was observed. In conclusion, modifications of studied parameters could be attributed to functional development of calves in neonatal period and contribute to the knowledge of adaptation processes in calf during the first week and the first month of life resulting useful for the diagnosis and treatment of any neonatal diseases.

Acclimatization of calves to a hot dry environment

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bianca
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Physiological Reactions

1. Three calves were individually exposed in a climatic room to an environment of 45° C. dry-bulb and 28° C. wet-bulb temperature for 21 successive days up to 5 hr. each day.2. In the 21-day period, mostly during the first half of it, the following changes in the physiological reactions of the animals were observed: progressive reductions in rectal temperature, in heart rate and in respiratory rate with a change of breathing from a laboured to a less laboured type.3. It was suggested that a decrease in metabolic heat production might play a part in the observed acclimatization.

Study on Comparison Between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine on Caudal Epidural Injection on Fogera Breed Cow in Gondar University Dairy Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endalkachew hailu ◽  
Gashaw Kasse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Abstract Background: Caudal epidural anesthesia commonly utilized in veterinary practice to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical interventions in the perineal region of cows. An experimental study conducted on epidural anesthesia from October 2018 to March 2019 on 6 cows with repeated treatments after one week by two groups of anesthetic drugs. Methods and materias First Lignocaine is given for Group-I of cows in the first intercoccygeal space and then the same animals after one week injected Lignocaine-Xylazine together in the intercoccygeal space. The Clinical-physiological parameters such as the onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, ataxia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the two groups studied by compression. Finally, the significance of the change in the study unit between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine analyzed according to SPSS version 19 for t-test and P-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant change that appeared between the onset of analgesia of Lignocaine (4.3±0.6min) alone and Lignocaine-Xylazine (4.9±1.1min) injection together (t=1.17; P>0.05). This indicates that the addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine does not significantly delay the onset of anesthesia. However, there was a significant difference observed in the duration of analgesia between two groups (t=13.2; P<0.05) with Lignocaine-Xylazine (259.5±12.38min) longer duration than Lignocaine alone (84±4.05min). This indicates that Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration of analgesia. In the case of physiological parameters, there were significant variations in heart rate (t=7.5; P<0.05) with Group II cows lower in heart rate than Group I cows. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed on respiratory rate (t=2.13; P<0.05) in which the addition of Xylazine on Lignocaine significantly lower breathing rate than Lignocaine injection alone. Finally, on rectal temperature, there was no statistically significant difference appeared (t=1.7; P>0.005) with rectal temperature in Group I cows (0.15± 0.28 OC) and in Group II cows (0.9±0.31 OC) which indicate that addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine lower rectal temperature similar to Lignocaine injection alone. Mild ataxia was observed in three groups I, cows, and there was no sedation and salivation noted at all. In Group II, cows mild to severe ataxia, deep sedation, salivation, and falling observed. In both groups, there was no anesthetic complication during epidural analgesia and after recovery noted.Conclusion: generally this study showed that, combination of Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration and quality of analgesia.

A STANDARDIZED METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN THE RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Downie ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Standardized Method

Although the blood pressure is one of the important criteria in the standardization of hemorrhagic shock in the dog, it has rarely been used for this purpose in the rat. A method resembling the reservoir technique developed by Wiggers and Werle (1942) for the dog using blood pressure as the criterion has been modified for use with the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 400 gm. were used. In the standardization of this technique the blood pressure was reduced to 30 mm. Hg in a 10-min. period of hemorrhage and then maintained at this level by subsequent small hemorrhages into the reservoir until reinfusion indicated the beginning of vascular collapse, at which time all the blood in the reservoir was returned. Considering that those animals which lived longer than 48 hr. were survivors, in a series of 27 animals, 21 died and 6 survived—a mortality rate of 78%.During the hypotensive period there was a consistent and steady drop in the respiratory rate and rectal temperature. The heart rate declined initially and tended to recover as the hypotensive period progressed. After reinfusion the blood pressure rose but. did not reach prehemorrhage levels. Hemorrhage into the bowel and convulsions were significant postreinfusion findings.

Use of Clinical Triage Criteria Decreases Monitored Care Bed Utilization in Gallstone Pancreatitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Yaghoubian ◽  
Armen Aboulian ◽  
Tony Chan ◽  
Brandon Ishaque ◽  
Dina Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Gallstone Pancreatitis ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Ranson Score

Admission indicators for monitored care in gallstone pancreatitis have been lacking. Recently, we established three criteria for admission to intensive care unit or step down versus ward beds: 1) concomitant cholangitis, 2) heart rate > 110 beats/min, and 3) blood urea nitrogen > 15 mg/dL. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these criteria would be effective in decreasing monitored care bed utilization without adversely affecting outcomes. A retrospective review of all patients with gallstone pancreatitis at a public teaching hospital was performed (2003-2009). A comparison was made of patients before (2003-2005, Period 1) and after (2006-2009, Period 2) establishment of monitored care triage criteria. Over the study period, there were 379 patients. The median Ranson score for both periods was 1. The median ages were 41 and 39, ( P = 0.7). In Period 1, 28 per cent of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit/step down unit versus 12 per cent in Period 2. None of the patients required transfer from the ward to a monitored care setting in Period 2. There were no mortalities in either period. In conclusion, the presence of concomitant cholangitis, heart rate >110, and blood urea nitrogen > 15 are useful and safe triage criteria for admission to a monitored care setting. Use of these criteria significantly decreased monitored care bed utilization and resulted in fewer mis-triages without adversely affecting patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of Ketamine and Xylazine-Ketamine Combination in Clinical and Haemato-biochemical Parameters in Captive Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
S.P. Kanu ◽  
M.R. Alam ◽  
N. Hoda ◽  
K.P. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Blood Samples

This study was carried to compare the effects of ketamine and xylazine-ketamine combination on clinical and haematobiochemical parameters in captive rhesus monkey. The animals were divided into two groups; one ketamine (K) group and other xylazine-ketamine (XK) group. In ketamine group (n=6) atropine sulphate and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 0.04 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/ kg body weight respectively. In xylazine-ketamine group (n=3) xylazine and ketamine was used intramuscularly at the rate of 1 mg/kg body weight and 5 mg/kg body weight respectively. Blood samples were collected immediately after induction and 30 min after induction in both groups. Effects of anaesthetics on haematological and biochemical parameters such as TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV, DLC, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, HDL and LDL and clinical parameters such as rectal temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, muscle relaxation, jaw tone, pedal reflex, palpebral reflex and position of eye ball were studied. Rectal temperature was significantly lower (P<0.01) in group XK than in group K. Heart rate was significantly higher (P<0.01) in group K than in group XK. Respiratory rate was lower in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Hb and PCV level was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than group K. TEC and TLC was higher in group K than in group XK but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Neutrophil and Eosinophil was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Lymphocyte was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Monocyte was significantly lower (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. Serum cholesterol was higher in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Serum triglyceride and LDL was significantly higher (P<0.05) in group XK than in group K. HDL was lower in group XK than in group K but it was nonsignificant (P>0.05). Smooth induction was found in group XK and duration of anaesthesia was longer in group XK whereas smooth recovery was found in group K but duration of anaesthesia was shorter. Muscle relaxation was excellent in group XK in comparison to group K. It can be suggested from the results of this study that for shorter duration of anaesthesia only ketamine can be used but for longer duration, xylazine-ketamine combination will be appropriate.

Circadian rhythm of heat production, heart rate, and skin and core temperature under unmasking conditions in men

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. R819-R829 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Krauchi ◽  
A. Wirz-Justice
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Seven healthy men were studied in a 34-h constant routine protocol to investigate whether the daily rhythm of heat production and heat loss has an endogenous circadian component. Under these unmasking conditions (constant bed rest, no sleep allowed, regular food and fluid intake), a significant circadian rhythm could be demonstrated for heat production, heart rate, and skin temperatures but not for the respiratory quotient. Heat production and heart rate were phase locked with a maximum at 1100-1200 h. Proximal skin temperatures (infraclavicular region, thigh, and forehead) followed the same circadian rhythm as rectal temperature, whereas distal skin temperatures (hands and feet) were opposite in phase. These physiological circadian rhythm parameters, as well as biochemical parameters (urinary sodium, potassium, urea, and urine flow), were phase advanced by 25-180 min with respect to the circadian rhythm in rectal temperature. Our findings under unmasking conditions show that the circadian variation in rectal temperature is a consequence of endogenous circadian rhythms in both heat production and heat loss.

scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Balanced Anesthesia during Dental Procedures in Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos)

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Bogdan Yanev Aminkov ◽  
Nikolay Hristov Mehandzhiyski ◽  
Nadya Zlatozarova Zlateva-Panayotova ◽  
Konstantin Bogdanov Aminkov ◽  
Georgi Marinov Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Brown Bears ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Balanced Anesthesia

Abstract The goal of the present study was to monitor the physiological effects of a standardized balanced anesthetic protocol in brown bears (Ursus arctos) during routine dental procedures. Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation) were evaluated in twelve brown bears, anesthetized with a balanced drug combination for 90 minutes during dental procedures. The animals were kept in the „Park for Dancing Bears“ Belitza, Bulgaria. A standardized premedication protocol of a combined intramuscular injection of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl (Zoletil 100® Virbac, France) 1mg/kg, medetomidine HCl 0.003mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg of butorphanol was administered intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced intravenously with a combined bolus of ketamine at 2 mg/kg and propofol at 2 mg/kg, and maintained with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine at 0.8 mg/kg/h and propofol 0.04 at mg/kg/min. Rectal temperature decreased significantly during anesthesia, whereas: heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were stable with no significant changes in these parameters for the duration of anesthesia. In conclusion, this anesthetic drug combination is suitable for oral surgery of medium duration in brown bears.

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