Preliminary tests for drugs of abuse.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Sunshine
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract A drug-testing program must be designed by the client in consultation with the laboratory. The test procedures selected for the analytes in question depend on the defined "cutoff" concentrations, equipment available, and turnaround time. Preliminary tests are needed to separate the large number of negatives from presumptive positives, which then have to be confirmed. Immunoassays done with random-access analyzers are the procedures of choice. In clinical situations, thin-layer chromatographic procedures may be favored. The attributes and liabilities of the various procedures are presented as guides to the selection of a suitable procedure for a particular client.

A Prediction Model for Positive Infant Meconium and Urine Drug Tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Simpson ◽  
David A. Skoglund ◽  
Sarah E. Stone ◽  
Ashley K. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Characteristics ◽  
Drug Test ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Urine Drug Test

Objective This study aimed to determine the factors associated with positive infant drug screen and create a shortened screen and a prediction model. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all infants who were tested for drugs of abuse from May 2012 through May 2014. The primary outcome was positive infant urine or meconium drug test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. A combined screen was created, and test characteristics were analyzed. Results Among the 3,861 live births, a total of 804 infants underwent drug tests. Variables associated with having a positive infant test were (1) positive maternal urine test, (2) substance use during pregnancy, (3) ≤ one prenatal visit, and (4) remote substance abuse; each p-value was less than 0.0001. A model with an indicator for having at least one of these four predictors had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Application of this screen to our population would have decreased drug testing by 57%. No infants had a positive urine drug test when their mother's urine drug test was negative. Conclusion This simplified screen can guide clinical decision making for determining which infants should undergo drug testing. Infant urine drug tests may not be needed when a maternal drug test result is negative. Key Points

An Evaluation of the Measurement of Drugs of Abuse by Commercial and In-House Horizontal Thin Layer Chromatography

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Wolff ◽  
M J Sanderson ◽  
A W M Hay ◽  
I Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Routine Screening ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Screening Service ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Opioid Drugs ◽  
Layer Chromatography

We have compared an in-house horizontal thin layer chromatography (TLC) method with a commercial TLC screening kit (Toxi-Lab) to find the most suitable method for screening urine for opioid drugs. The in-house TLC procedure is cheaper and more efficient than the commercial TLC method and is ideal as a confirmatory method when used in conjunction with other established laboratory methods. The in-house TLC method is useful for one-off requests and is able to differentiate between small quantities (0·1–0·5 mg/L) of the different, commonly abused opioids and their metabolites, which means that it is well suited for use at a local Drug Addiction Unit as a routine screening service.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) DAN WEIGHTED PRODUCT (WP) DALAM SISTEM PENUNJANG PEMILIHAN LAPTOP TERFAVORIT MENGGUNAKAN GUI MATLAB

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Abdiel Pandapotan Manullang ◽  
Alan Prahutama ◽  
Rukun Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
A Value ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Color Screen ◽  
Selection Of

Laptops have become an important requirement for most students is to support educational activities and business activities. The number of brands of laptops or types of laptops that exist makes consumers especially students have their own preferences in choosing a laptop. The method can be used to select the favorite laptop are SAW (Simple Additive weighting) and WP (Weighted Product). Both of these methods are the methods used to solve the problem of MADM (Multi Attribute Decision Making). There are 30 types of laptops that will be used in the selection of the favorite laptops.For the selection criteria for the type of laptop that is priced, RAM (Random Access Memory), HDD (hard drive), a processor, a VGA (Video Graphics Array), weight, color, screen size, service centers, warranty, availability of spare parts, battery capacity, equipped with OS and application software. Selection of the favorite type of laptop is done with the help of MATLAB (Graphical User Interface) GUI (Matrix Laboratory) as a computing tool. SAW method and WP, in this research showed the same results that the most favored type of laptop laptop mode DEL INSPIRON 15Z-5523 with a value preference for SAW method amounted to 0.9518 while the WP method amounted to 0.9511.Keywords: SAW, WP, Laptop, favorite, GUI 

Experience with a Sulfonamide Diuretic in a Large Urine Drug Testing Program

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berndt-Ingo Podkowik ◽  
Michael L. Smith ◽  
Robert O. Pick
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug

Interpretation and Utility of Drug of Abuse Immunoassays: Lessons From Laboratory Drug Testing Surveys

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy E. F. Melanson ◽  
Leland Baskin ◽  
Barbarajean Magnani ◽  
Tai C. Kwong ◽  
Annabel Dizon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Of Abuse ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Pain Services

Abstract Context.—To assist with patient diagnosis and management, physicians from pain services, drug treatment programs, and the emergency department frequently request that urine be tested for drugs of abuse. However, urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse have limitations. Objective.—To use data from the College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Surveys to determine and summarize the characteristics, performance, and limitations of urine immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Design.—Six years of urine drug testing proficiency surveys were reviewed. Results.—Lysergic acid diethylamide and methaqualone are infrequently prescribed or abused and, therefore, testing may be unnecessary. However, implementation of more specific testing for methylenedioxymethamphetamine and oxycodone may be warranted. Each drug of abuse immunoassay exhibits a different cross-reactivity profile. Depending on the cross-reactivity profile, patients with clinically insignificant concentrations of drugs may have false-positive results, and patients with clinically significant concentrations of drugs may have false-negative results. Conclusions.—Laboratory directors should be aware of the characteristics of their laboratories' assays and should communicate these characteristics to physicians so that qualitative results can be interpreted more accurately. Furthermore, manufacturer's claims should be interpreted with caution and should be verified in each organization's patient population, if possible.

Tensile Testing at Low Temperatures

2004 ◽  
pp. 239-249
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Temperature Test ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This chapter details low-temperature test procedures and equipment. It discusses the role temperature plays in the properties of typical engineering materials. The effect that lowering the temperature of a solid has on the mechanical properties of a material is summarized for three principal groups of engineering materials: metals, ceramics, and polymers (including fiber-reinforced polymer). The chapter describes the factors that influence the selection of tensile testing, along with a comparison of tensile and compression tests. It covers the parameters and standards related to tensile testing. The chapter discusses the factors involved in controlling test temperature. Finally, the chapter discusses the safety issues concerning the use of cooled methanol, liquid-nitrogen, and liquid helium.

scholarly journals Impact of Energy Dependence on Ground Level and Avionic SEE Rate Prediction When Applying Standard Test Procedures

Aerospace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Matteo Cecchetto ◽  
Rubén García Alía ◽  
Frédéric Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Commercial Flight

Single event effects (SEEs) in ground level and avionic applications are mainly induced by neutrons and protons, of which the relative contribution of the latter is larger with increasing altitude. Currently, there are two main applicable standards—JEDEC JESD89A for ground level and IEC 62396 for avionics—that address the procedure for testing and qualifying electronics for these environments. In this work, we extracted terrestrial spectra at different altitudes from simulations and compared them with data available from the standards. Second, we computed the SEE rate using different approaches for three static random access memory (SRAM) types, which present a strong SEE response dependence with energy. Due to the presence of tungsten, a fissile material when interacting with high energy hadrons, the neutron and proton SEE cross sections do not saturate after 200 MeV, but still increase up to several GeV. For these memories, we found standard procedures could underestimate the SEE rate by a factor of up to 4-even in ground level applications—and up to 12 times at 12 km. Moreover, for such memories, the contribution from high energy protons is able to play a significant role, comparable to that of neutrons, even at commercial flight altitudes, and greater at higher altitudes.

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