Simultaneous measurement of total and IgA-conjugated alpha 1-microglobulin by a combined immunoenzyme/immunoradiometric assay technique.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D DeMars ◽  
J A Katzmann ◽  
T K Kimlinger ◽  
J D Calore ◽  
R P Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract alpha 1-Microglobulin (alpha 1m), a glycoprotein (Mr = 30,000) found in serum and urine, is also present in serum conjugated to monomeric IgA (alpha 1-m-IgA). We have developed a simultaneous enzyme-linked immunoenzyme/immunoradiometric assay that involves three different monoclonal antibodies. Assay of serial dilutions of serum and urine demonstrated parallelism. Normal mean concentrations in serum (n = 75) were: total alpha 1m, 2.33 mumol/L; alpha 1m-IgA, 1.24 mumol/L; unconjugated (free) alpha 1m, 1.09 mumol/L; molar ratio (alpha 1m-IgA/total alpha 1m), 0.53. The mean concentration of alpha 1m in eight urine specimens from normal individuals was 0.19 mumol/L, with no detectable alpha 1m-IgA. A low urinary pH does not significantly affect assay results, unlike assays of beta 2-microglobulin. In patients with myeloma-related renal disease, total and free alpha 1m values for serum correlated well with values for creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in serum.

beta 2-Microglobulin clearance as measured by radioimmunoassay.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Woo ◽  
M Floyd ◽  
M A Longley ◽  
D C Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract We describe a radioimmunoassay for beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 mu) in serum and urine. We incubated aliquots of diluted samples at room temperature for 1 h with 125I-labeled beta 2 mu and a rabbit antiserum monospecific for human beta 2 mu, and separated the phases by the double-antibody technique. The logit-log transformed dose-response curve was linear in the range 2 to 64 ng, equivalent to 0.5 to 16 mg/L of serum and 0.5 to 320 mg/L of urine. Assay sensitivity was 2.4 ng of beta 2 mu. Validation studies included tests of precision, accuracy, antibody specificity, and parallelism of the dose-response curves for standard and unknown. In a study of 25 normal individuals, serum and urine beta 2 mu ranged from 1.1 to 2.3 mg/L and 40 to 360 micrograms/24 h; the clearance of beta 2 mu was 8 to 130 microL/min. In 21 renal allograft recipients tested one to five weeks after transplantation, serum and urine beta 2 mu ranged from 3.9 to 15.6 mg/L and 7.2 to 611 mg/24 h; beta 2 mu clearance was 0.60 to 33.3 mL/min. Values for both serum and urine correlated well with severity of allograft rejection.

Radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 842-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iodine Monochloride ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract I describe a radioimmunoassay for human prothrombin, with use of a double-antibody technique. Antiserum raised in rabbits was absorbed with Al(OH)3 and heated to 56 degrees C for 30 min. 125I-labeled prothrombin retaining more than 90% of its biological activity was prepared by the iodine monochloride method. The mean concentration of prothrombin in plasma of 12 normal individuals was 100 +/- 29.4 mg/L (2 SD). Prothrombin values were somewhat lower than those obtained by the Laurell electroimmunoassay or by two-stage biological assay of the same plasma, done the same day. The biological values were converted to protein on the basis of 1960 int. units/mg by comparison with the other two assays. The ability of activation fragments of human prothrombin to inhibit binding of labeled prothrombin to its antibody was evaluated by competitive radioimmunoassay. Although precipitin lines formed with undiluted antiserum against all the fragments tested (F-1, F-1.2, prethrombin-1, and thrombin), none of the fragments competed well with prothrombin, even in 10-fold molar excess. Evidently, the structural integrity of the prothrombin molecule is essential for its maximum binding to the antiserum, and antigenic sites are lost during its activation.

Concentrations of iodothyronines in serum of patients with chronic renal failure and other nonthyroidal illnesses: role of free fatty acids.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Liewendahl ◽  
S Tikanoja ◽  
H Mähönen ◽  
T Helenius ◽  
M Välimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract The mean concentration of free thyroxin (FT4) in serum, as determined by direct equilibrium dialysis, was decreased in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and increased in patients with various other nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI). The mean concentration of dialyzable free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum was equally low in both groups of patients. Patients with CRF of various etiology but a similar degree of renal failure as estimated from serum creatinine assay had very similar concentrations of FT4 and FT3 in their serum. Mean thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were decreased in CRF and NTI, whereas the mean reverse-T3 concentration in serum was normal in CRF and increased in NTI. T4-binding globulin and albumin were markedly decreased in CRF and NTI; T4-binding prealbumin was increased in CRF and decreased in NTI. The mean concentration of nonesterified free fatty acids (FFA) in serum was increased in NTI but not in CRF. The weak, but significant, positive correlation observed between FT4 and FFA in serum (r = 0.34, P less than 0.01) in NTI indicates that the increase in serum FT4 in this group of patients could be an effect, at least in part, of FFA competing with T4 for binding sites on serum proteins. The stronger correlation detected between the serum FT4 concentration and the FFA/albumin molar ratio in serum (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001) demonstrates the importance of a low albumin concentration for expression of the effect of FFA on FT4 in severe systemic illnesses.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four Radiographic Angular Measures of Lumbar Lordosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Osita Okpala
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Range Of Values

ABSTRACT Background: Several attempts (radiographic and nonradiographic) have been made to measure the lumbar lordosis (LL), but the results differ substantially as investigators have used different parameters. Radiography is the gold standard, and the methods include lumbosacral angle (LSA), lumbosacral joint angle (LSJA), Cobb angle, and tangential radiologic assessment of LL (TRALL) angle. The traditional method, the Cobb technique, has a wide range of normal mean values, with a large standard deviation. Using a more reliable radiographic angle will hopefully simply and standardize LL measurement in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients. Aim: To compare in normal individuals with fully developed LL the LSA, LSJA, TRALL, and Cobb angles, by determining (a) if any correlation exists between them and (b) the most reliable measures of LL, based on, least (i) number of measurement lines, (ii) range of values, (iii) mean, (iv) standard deviation, and (v) variance. Materials and Methods: The four angles were retrospectively measured in each supine lateral lumbosacral radiograph of 100 males and 100 females, aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 (NY, USA); P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No correlation existed between the mean values of the four angles, and in each angle, there was no male-versus-female correlation. LSJA had the best reliability criteria for LL measurement. Conclusion: The mean LSA, LSJA, TRALL, and Cobb angles have no significant Pearson's correlation, and of the four angular measures of LL, LSJA was the most reliable.

Concentrations in Serum and Urinary Excretion of Guanidine, 1-Methylguanidine, and 1,1-Dimethylguanidine in Chronic Renal Failure

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel M Stein ◽  
Michael J Micklus
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Uremic Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Guanidine (G), 1-methylguanidine (MG), and 1,1-dimethylguanidine (DMG) have long been implicated as uremic "toxins." A method has been developed for determining G, MG, and DMG in serum and urine. Specimens were chromatographed on carboxylate resin, with use of 1 molar NaOH, and quantitated colorimetrically with a modification of the Voges— Proskauer reaction. The mean values for G and MG in the serum of uremic patients were 0.3 and 0.4 mg per liter, respectively. DMG was not detected. Although the urinary excretion of MG is significantly increased in renal failure, the concentrations of G, MG, and DMG in serum are not markedly increased, and it is therefore unlikely that G, MG, or DMG contribute to the toxic manifestations of the uremic syndrome.

Abnormal Concentrations of Nickel in Serum in Cases of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Burns, Hepatic Cirrhosis, and Uremia

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1123-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D McNeely ◽  
F William Sunderman ◽  
Maria W Nechay ◽  
Howard Levine
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Delirium Tremens ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Delivery ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Umbilical Cords ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Nickel concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in sera. The mean concentration of nickel in sera of 47 healthy adults was 2.6 SD ± 0.8) µg/liter. Abnormally high mean concentrations (µg/liter) of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) acute myocardial infarction (13-36 h after onset), mean = 5.2 ± 2.8, N = 33, P &lt;0.001; (b) acute stroke (37-72 h after onset), mean = 4.5, N = 12, P &lt;0.005; and (c) acute burns (&gt;25% body surface, 37-72 h after injury), mean = 7.2, N = 3, range = 4.1-10.9. Diminished mean concentrations of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) hepatic cirrhosis, mean = 1.6 ± 0.8, N = 18, P &lt;0.005; and (b) chronic uremia, mean = 1.7 ± 0.7, N = 12, P = &lt;0.005. Normal mean concentrations of serum nickel were found in patients with: (a) acute myocardial ischemia without infarction (13-36 h after onset), mean = 3.3 ± 1.6, N = 22; (b) acute trauma with fractured bones (13-36 h after injury), mean = 2.7 ± 0.9, N = 19; (c) acute delirium tremens (13-36 h after admission), mean = 2.3 ± 0.9, N = 25; and (d) muscular dystrophy, mean = 2.3 ± 1.4, N = 10. In sera collected from 12 mothers immediately after normal delivery, the mean concentration of nickel was 3.0 ± 1.2 µg/liter, the same values as for sera from the umbilical cords of their 12 full-term infants.

Immunonephelometric determination of retinol-binding protein in serum and urine.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Parviainen ◽  
P Ylitalo
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Analytical Recovery ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract An immunonephelometric method developed for measurement of retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum and urine can detect it in concentrations of about 30 micrograms/L, which is in the lower limit of its normal concentration in urine (range 0-0.56 mg/L; mean +/- SD 0.19 +/- 0.15; n = 44). Urinary RBP was increased (range 0.93-29.5 mg/L) in all of 25 urine specimens from 13 subjects being treated with aminoglycoside (tobramycin). Urinary excretion of RBP was correlated (r = 0.83) with the excretion of beta 2-microglobulin. The within-assay and day-to-day precision (CV) was determined over the detection range of 0.03-8 mg/L. Within these limits the corresponding CVs varied from 4 to 27% and from 8 to 30%, respectively. The method had fairly good precision within the optimal measuring range of approximately 0.4 to 4.5 mg/L for both urine and 20-fold diluted serum samples. For various RBP concentrations our analytical recovery was 89-114% of added RBP. Results by this method correlated well (r = 0.96, n = 24) with those by a radial immunodiffusion method.

CALCITONIN PRODUCTION BY RAT THYROID TUMOURS

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. TRIGGS ◽  
R. D. HESCH ◽  
J. S. WOODHEAD ◽  
E. D. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Human Calcitonin ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Green Fluorescence ◽  
Sandwich Technique ◽  
C Cell ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Immunolocalization techniques have been used to study 16 rat thyroids containing C cell tumours and ten rat thyroids in which no tumours or hyperplasias were found. All rats in these groups were at least 2 years old. An indirect ('sandwich') technique was used which involved rabbit or goat anti-human calcitonin antiserum and either fluorescein or peroxidase-labelled anti-rabbit or anti-goat IgG. Plasma calcitonin levels were measured in these animals and in a further group of ten young normal rats by means of an immunoradiometric assay using goat antiserum against synthetic human calcitonin. Both normal C cells and C cell tumours showed either apple-green fluorescence or positive peroxidase staining. The intensity of staining in the tumours varied from one cell to another but was in general less than that found for normal C cells. Calcitonin in the blood was detectable in most animals. The mean concentration found in young normal animals was 265 pg/ml (range < 100–600 pg/ml), in old normal animals 160 pg/ml (range < 100– 400 pg/ml) and in rats with small C cell tumours 470 pg/ml (range 100–1200 pg/ml). The mean concentration in this latter group differed significantly from those of both normal groups (P < 0·05). One animal with an invasive C cell tumour had a greatly increased calcitonin concentration (> 5 ng/ml) in the circulation. The results showed that calcitonin was present in normal rat C cells and that C cell tumours both contained and secreted calcitonin, underlining the similarity between these tumours and human medullary carcinomata.

scholarly journals Plasma and platelet HLA in normal individuals: quantitation by competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Kao
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hla Antigens ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solid Phase Assay ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Recent studies on platelet HLA indicate that greater than 50% of platelet HLA antigens are adsorbed on the platelet surface and may be derived from plasma. It has been speculated that platelet HLA may be directly proportional to plasma HLA concentration. To determine the quantitative correlation between plasma and platelet HLA, a precise competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for measurements of soluble and cellular HLA antigens was developed by using purified HLA antigens and W6/32 anti-HLA monoclonal antibody. The useful range of the standard curve for the assay was 0.01 to 5.0 micrograms/mL. The intraassay and interassay variations were 7% and 14%, respectively. The plasma HLA concentrations measured in 61 healthy adults ranged from 0.25 to 4.1 micrograms/mL, and the mean plasma HLA concentration was 1.47 +/- 0.87 micrograms/mL (+/- SD). Platelet HLA concentrations determined in the same 61 persons ranged from 4.7 to 17.33 fg/platelet, and the mean concentration was 9.3 +/- 2.9 fg/platelet (+/- SD). Chloroquine-elutable platelet HLA concentrations were also determined in 42 of the 61 persons, with the mean value of 5.7 +/- 2.1 fg/platelet (+/- SD). The plasma HLA concentration of each individual was then correlated with the same person's total or chloroquine-elutable platelet HLA concentration. Linear regression analyses of the results revealed no significant correlation between platelet and plasma HLA concentrations. Thus, it is unlikely that chloroquine-elutable HLAs are derived from plasma. The developed solid-phase assay for HLA will be useful for further study of the quantitative significance of plasma HLA antigens in allosensitization of transfused individuals.

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