Analysis of Cholesterol in All Lipoprotein Classes by Single Vertical Ultracentrifugation of Fingerstick Blood and Controlled-Dispersion Flow Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1898-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Kulkarni ◽  
D W Garber ◽  
C F Schmidt ◽  
S M Marcovina ◽  
M H Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Absorbance Curve

Abstract This new, highly sensitive analytical system, based on controlled dispersion of the flowing sample, gives a rapid, continuous, and direct analysis for cholesterol in all lipoprotein classes, separated by single vertical-spin density-gradient ultracentrifugation. In this Vertical Auto Profile-II fingerstick system, designated VAP-IIfs, a narrow-bore Teflon coil serves as the reactor with no segmentation of the analytical stream by air bubbles, in contrast to the Technicon AutoAnalyzer used in the VAP-I method. Concentrations of high-, low-, intermediate-, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) cholesterol are determined by decomposing the spectrophotometric absorbance curve for the continuous analysis of the centrifuged sample, with use of software developed in this laboratory. Total cholesterol is determined from the total area under the absorbance curve. For assaying total cholesterol, the CV between aliquots within a rotor ranged from 1.35% to 3.15%; the CV between rotors was 2.45%. Because only 18 microL of sample is required, VAP-IIfs can be readily adapted to analysis for lipoprotein cholesterol profiles in capillary blood samples. Total cholesterol values by VAP-IIfs for fingerstick and venous samples from 23 subjects agreed well: slope = 1.01 (SD 0.03), intercept = -21 (SD 51) mg/L, Sy/x = 50 mg/L, and r = 0.992. Results by VAP-IIfs also correlated highly with results for duplicate samples analyzed at the Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories.

scholarly journals Study on the influence of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives on the lipid metabolism in experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416
Author(s):  
I. M. Bilai ◽  
M. I. Romanenko ◽  
D. H. Ivanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Xanthine Derivatives

Statin side effects are not a rare occurrence, in particular dyspeptic disorders, insomnia, headache, skin erythema, rash are often noted. All of this determines scientists to find new effective and low-toxic hypolipidemic agents. Various natural and synthetic xanthine derivatives have been recognized as therapeutically potential compounds and reported to control various diseases. Therefore, the study of new xanthine derivatives and their hypolipidemic effects, which would have a significant therapeutic effect with minimal side effects, is relevant. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives on lipidogram parameters in experimental laboratory rats. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkanic acid derivatives. The experiments were performed in white laboratory Wistar rats weighing 180–220 g. Experimental modeling of hyperlipidemia – tween model: intraperitoneal administration of tween-80 at a dose of 200 mg/100 g body weight. The test compounds were administered orally, simultaneously with tween, at a dose of 1/10 of LD50 (previously calculated by Prozorovsky express method) for 6 days. The following indicators of lipidogram were determined: total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), triglycerides (TG) and atherogenic index of plasma: TC – HDL cholesterol / HDL cholesterol. The experiments were carried out with respect to Bioethical rules and norms. Results. The studies have shown data on the hypolipidemic activity of 7-β-hydroxy-γ-aryloxypropylxanthinyl-8-thioalkane acid derivatives. According to the conditional efficiency index Ʃ, which included the overall percentage of the following indicators – total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, the leading compounds were 2439 (87.47 %), 6047 (82.30 %). The reference drug atorvastatin had a value of 82.98 %. Conclusions. The major compound was 2439 identified among all compared to the control group. The prospect of further research is a more detailed study on the ability of xanthine derivatives to exhibit hypolipidemic effects and to influence oxidative stress in various hyperlipidemic models.

scholarly journals Causal Associations Between Blood Lipids and COVID-19 Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Shan-Shan Dong ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Shi-Hao Tang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Uk

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has been reported that dyslipidemia is correlated with COVID-19, and blood lipids levels, including total cholesterol, HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, were significantly associated with disease severity. However, the causalities of blood lipids on COVID-19 are not clear. Approach and Results: We performed 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal effects of blood lipids on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Using the outcome data from the UK Biobank (1221 cases and 4117 controls), we observed potential positive causal effects of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 1.27 [95% CI, 1.08–1.49], P =3.18×10 −3 ), total cholesterol (OR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.07–1.32], P =8.54×10 −4 ), and ApoB (apolipoprotein B; OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.07–1.29], P =1.01×10 −3 ) on COVID-19 susceptibility after Bonferroni correction. In addition, the effects of total cholesterol (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02], P =2.29×10 −2 ) and ApoB (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.00–1.02], P =2.22×10 −2 ) on COVID-19 susceptibility were also identified using outcome data from the host genetics initiative (14 134 cases and 1 284 876 controls). Conclusions: In conclusion, we found that higher total cholesterol and ApoB levels might increase the risk of COVID-19 infection.

The Effects of Low-Density Lipoprotein and High-Density Lipoprotein on Blood Viscosity Correlate with their Association with Risk of Atherosclerosis in Humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Sloop ◽  
David W. Garber
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

1. Increased blood or plasma viscosity has been observed in almost all conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Cognizant of the enlarging body of evidence implicating increased viscosity in atherogenesis, we hypothesize that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. 2. Blood viscometry was performed on samples from 28 healthy, non-fasting adult volunteers using a capillary viscometer. Data were correlated with haematocrit, fibrinogen, serum viscosity, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. 3. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was more strongly correlated with blood viscosity than was total cholesterol (r = 0.4149, P = 0.0281, compared with r = 0.2790, P = 0.1505). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with blood viscosity (r = −0.4018, P = 0.0341). 4. To confirm these effects, viscometry was performed on erythrocytes, suspended in saline, which had been incubated in plasma of various low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratios. Viscosity correlated directly with low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio (n = 23, r = 0.8561, P < 0.01). 5. Low-density lipoprotein receptor occupancy data suggests that these effects on viscosity are mediated by erythrocyte aggregation. 6. These results demonstrate that the effects of low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein on blood viscosity in healthy subjects correlate with their association with risk of atherosclerosis. These effects on viscosity may play a role in atherogenesis by modulating the dwell or residence time of atherogenic particles in the vicinity of the endothelium.

Abstract 5054: Apolipoprotein B, but not Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Coronary Atherosclerosis Beyond Total Cholesterol in Diabetics and Non-Diabetics

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth S Martin ◽  
Atif N Qasim ◽  
Daniel J Rader ◽  
Muredach P Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Introduction: Accumulating evidence suggests that apolipoprotein B (apoB) is superior to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in prediction of cardiovascular events. Yet, an important outstanding question is whether apoB, relative to LDL, is an enhanced marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly in diabetics where LDL levels may underestimate atherogenic lipid burden due to increased proportion of small, dense LDL. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that plasma apoB would be a better predictor than LDL-C of coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores in type 2 diabetics and non-type 2 diabetics. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analyses of asymptomatic Caucasians in (1) The Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (434 men and 383 women; median age 48, non-diabetics) and (2) The Penn Diabetes Heart Study (580 men and 261 women; median age 60, type 2 diabetics). Results: Levels of apoB and LDL-C were correlated in diabetics (r=0.78, p<0.001) and non-diabetics (r=0.77, p<0.001). There was no association between LDL-C and CAC in diabetics. In non-diabetics, an association of LDL-C was lost after adjustment for total cholesterol. In contrast, after controlling for age, gender, statin therapy, and total cholesterol, levels of apoB were positively associated with CAC in diabetics [tobit regression ratio for 30 mg/dl increase in apoB 2.94 (95% CI 1.62 – 5.53), p=0.001) and had a more modest association with CAC in non-diabetics [1.67 (95% CI 1.16 – 2.32), p=0.005]. Conclusions: ApoB, but not LDL-C, predicted CAC scores, a measure of coronary atherosclerotic burden. The strength of this association was greater in diabetics than non-diabetics. Relative to LDL-C, plasma apoB levels may be particularly useful in assessing CVD risk in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract 155: Evaluation of Dyslipidemia Control and Its Risk Factors of Cardiac Outpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Nazar Talib Al-Ani ◽  
Hadeer Akram AbdulRazzaq Al-Ani ◽  
Hanan Hussein ◽  
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman ◽  
Aseel Hadi Abdulameer Al-Hashimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objective: is to assess the dyslipidemia control and demographic differences in lipid patterns among dyslipidemic cardiac patients. Method: data based a retrospective analysis of 504 persons (age mean 58.16 ± 11.119 years) was conducted in Malaysia which estimated the lipid abnormalities in statin-treated patients. Demographic data including age, race, alcoholic and smoking status were collected. Lipid profiles including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Results: a desirable level of (TC) and (TG) were 62.2% and 54.4% respectively, optimal level of (LDL-C) was 66.5% and the normal level of (HDL-C) was 54.2%. Risk factor analysis of dyslipidemia was done with a primary focus on the possible impact of statin type, gender, race and dyslipidemia type. Atorvastatin was significantly more effective for primary dyslipidemia than simvastatin and lovastatin in HDL cholesterol ( p < 0.002), while in LDL cholesterol (p = 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.03) simvastatin was significantly found more effective for primary dyslipidemia. A significant correlation emerged between gender and statin type in HDL cholesterol (p < 0.02) and total cholesterol TC (p < 0.001), atorvastatin is found more effective to be used by males than females. A correlation was also significant between gender and dyslipidemia type in HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01). Results for triglyceride reported a significant relationship between age, race and statin type (p < 0.001), atorvastatin was found to be more effective among Chinese while lovastatin was more effective among Indians. Finally 18.2% abnormality of HDL was explained by interactions of risk factors: first statin type and dyslipidemia type, second for gender and dyslipidemia type and the third was gender and statin type. Conclusions: more than 50% of cardiac outpatients were in an acceptable range of lipid profile evaluation. This could support the need for increasing attention to basic monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors in these dyslipidemic patients particularly in Asian population.

scholarly journals Comparación de lípidos sanguíneos entre pollos de engorde y gallinas ponedoras

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Osorio ◽  
J. D. Flores
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Objective: To compare serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol between broilers and laying hens. Materials and Methods: the present is a cross study, descriptive and analytic. Data was analyzed using simple ANOVA, the program Statgraphics Plus 5.1 was used. The study was performed at Universidad de Caldas in Manizales (Colombia). After fasting, blood from 30 broilers (Cobb 500 line) of 35-day-old and 40 laying hens (Hy-Line W-36 line) of 26-weeks-old. Serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods, direct method (detergent + N,Nbis (4-sulfobutyl)-m-toluidine) was used for the lipoprotein cholesterol. Results: Between broilers (Cobb 500 line) and (laying hens (Hy-line W-36 line) was significant difference in serum levels of triglycerides and in serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P <0.05); serum levels of total cholesterol and serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, no differences were found (P> 0.05) Conclusions: Despite differences in gender, age, and production system among broilers Cobb 500 line and laying hens Hy-Line W-36, no differences were found between serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.

scholarly journals Thyroid Function and Lipid Subparticle Sizes in Patients with Short-Term Hypothyroidism and a Population-Based Cohort

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 888-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Pearce ◽  
Peter W. F. Wilson ◽  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Ramachandran S. Vasan ◽  
Lewis E. Braverman
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Overt Hypothyroidism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Context: Relations between thyroid function and lipids remain incompletely understood. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether lipoprotein subparticle concentrations are associated with thyroid status. Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective clinical study and cross-sectional cohort analysis at a university endocrine clinic and the Framingham Heart Study. Subjects: Subjects included 28 thyroidectomized patients with short-term overt hypothyroidism and 2944 Framingham Offspring cohort participants. Main Outcome Measures: Fasting subclass concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) particles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. TSH values were also measured. Results: Total cholesterol and LDL-C were increased during short-term overt hypothyroidism. Large LDL subparticle concentrations increased during hypothyroidism (917 ± 294 vs. 491 ± 183 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.001), but more atherogenic small LDL was unchanged. Triglycerides marginally increased during hypothyroidism, small VLDL particles significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001), whereas more atherogenic large VLDL was unchanged. Total HDL-C increased during hypothyroidism (76 ± 13 mg/dl vs. 58 ± 15 mg/dl; P &lt; 0.001). There was no change in large HDL-C particle concentrations, whereas small (P &lt; 0.001) and medium (P = 0.002) HDL-C particle concentrations decreased. Among Framingham women, adjusted total cholesterol and LDL-C were positively related to TSH categories (P ≤ 0.003). This was due to a positive correlation between adjusted large LDL subparticle concentrations and log-TSH (P &lt; 0.0001); log small LDL subparticle concentrations decreased slightly as log-TSH increased (P = 0.045). Among Framingham men, the only significant association was a positive association between log-TSH and log large HDL subparticle concentrations (P = 0.04). Conclusions: There is a shift toward less atherogenic large LDL, small VLDL, and large HDL subparticle sizes in hypothyroid women.

scholarly journals Alterations in Lipids and Adipocyte Hormones in Female-to-Male Transsexuals

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Chandra ◽  
Sukhdeep S. Basra ◽  
Tai C. Chen ◽  
Vin Tangpricha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Atherogenic Lipid Profile

Testosterone therapy in men and women results in decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL). We sought to determine whether testosterone therapy has this same effect on lipid parameters and adipocyte hormones in female-to-male (FTM) transsexuals. Twelve FTM transsexuals provided a fasting lipid profile including serum total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides prior to and after 1 year of testosterone therapy (testosterone enanthate or cypionate 50–125 mg IM every two weeks). Subjects experienced a significant decrease in mean serum HDL (52±11to40±7 mg/dL)(P<.001). The mean LDL(P=.316), triglyceride(P=.910), and total cholesterol(P=.769)levels remained unchanged. In a subset of subjects, we measured serum leptin levels which were reduced by 25% but did not reach statistical significance(P=.181)while resistin levels remained unchanged. We conclude that testosterone therapy in FTM transsexuals can promote an increased atherogenic lipid profile by lowering HDL and possibly reduce serum leptin levels. However, long-term studies are needed to determine whether decreases in HDL result in adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

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