scholarly journals Correlation of plasma concentrations of cystatin C and creatinine to inulin clearance in a pediatric population

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Stickle ◽  
Barbara Cole ◽  
Karl Hock ◽  
Keith A Hruska ◽  
Mitchell G Scott
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Measurement of blood concentrations of cystatin C (cysC), a cysteine protease inhibitor present in human plasma, has been suggested for use as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a manner analogous to the use of plasma creatinine (SCR). In this study, cysC and SCR were measured in plasma from pediatric patients (4–19 years) with renal disease for whom a “gold standard” measurement of GFR via inulin clearance (CIN) was available. The data analyses were divided into two age groups: group A (4–12 years, n = 26) and group B (12–19 years, n = 34). For both age groups, the linear correlation coefficient of [cysC]−1 vs CIN (mL/min/1.73 m2) (r = 0.765 for group A and r = 0.869 for group B) was less than that of the linear correlation coefficient of [SCR]−1 vs CIN (r = 0.841 for group A and r = 0.892 for group B). As a single measurement for detection of abnormal GFR, however, the optimum receiver-operator characteristic point for cysC measurement (for group A at cysC >1.2 mg/L, sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 91%; and for group B at cysC >1.4 mg/L, sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 100%) was numerically superior to that for SCR measurement (for group A at SCR >8.0 mg/L, sensitivity = 67%, specificity = 100%; and for group B at SCR >9.0 mg/L, sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 91%), using a reference value for normal GFR of CIN > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. However, these differences were not statistically significant. CysC measurement appears to be broadly equivalent to SCR measurement for estimation of GFR in pediatric patients.

Hypercoagulable State in the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbit, an Animal Model for the Progression of Atherosclerosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Mori ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yutaka Nagano ◽  
Katsumi Deguch ◽  
Toru Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Fibrinogen Level ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hyperlipidemic Rabbit ◽  
Group B ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

SummaryBlood coagulation in a strain of rabbits designated as Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits was examined. The activities of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, contact factors and clotting factor VIII (F VIII) and the fibrinogen level were significantly higher in WHHL rabbits than in normolipidemic rabbits (all age groups). Values for vitamin Independent clotting factor were already higher at 2 months of age. Contact factors and fibrinogen levels increased age after 5 to 8 months. F VIII increased between 5 and 8 months and then decreased. At 2 months of age, WHHL rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A was fed standard rabbit chow and group B standard rabbit chow containing 1% probucol. Probucol prevented the progression of atherosclerosis in group B in the absence of a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol level. F VIII and fibrinogen levels were statistically decreased in all rabbits at all ages in group B (P<0.05). These differences in clotting factors between the two groups were most obvious at 8 months (P<0.02).We conclude that vitamin K-dependent clotting factors may increase with hyperlipemia and that increases in F VIII and fibrinogen may be closely related to the progression of throm- boatherosclerosis.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

Pharmacokinetics and Safety Assessment of Anti-HIV Dapivirine Vaginal Microbicide Rings with Multiple Dosing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vaginal Ring ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anti Hiv

Objectives: Self-administered vaginal rings are a promising method for delivery of topical anti-HIV microbicidesand might offer an adherence advantage over daily or coitally-dependent dosage forms such as gels. This trialassessed the safety and pharmacokinetic aspects of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring-004 when worn as multiple rings oversequential periods of ring use by healthy, sexually-active, HIV-negative women.Methods: This double-blind trial was conducted among 48 women (18-40 years). Participants were randomlyassigned to two groups (A or B) and received (3:1) either the dapivirine or a placebo vaginal ring. Group A used tworings over a 56-day period and Group B used three rings over a 57-day period. Safety evaluations were conductedthroughout the trial. Dapivirine concentrations were measured in plasma, vaginal fluid and cervical tissue samplescollected during and after the 56 days (Group A) or 57 days (Group B) of vaginal ring use.Results: Ring-004 was safe and well tolerated in all participants. The pharmacokinetic profile demonstrated arapid increase in plasma and vaginal fluid concentrations and achieved concentrations in vaginal fluids and cervicaltissue well above the in vitro IC99 in cervical tissue (3.3 ng/mL) that were sustained for a 28 to 35-day ring use period(approximately 3000 times higher in vaginal fluids and 14 -1000 times higher in cervical tissue). Drug levels wereassociated with significant inhibitory activity of genital secretions against HIV ex vivo, a biomarker of pharmacodynamics.Individual plasma dapivirine concentrations did not exceed 553 pg/mL and were well below plasma concentrations atthe maximum tolerated dose for oral treatment (mean Cmax 2286 ng/mL).Conclusions: The consecutive use of several rings over a period of up to 57 days was safe and well tolerated, andPK data indicate that a single Ring-004 is likely to be protective for at least 35 days.

Does body position, age, and heart rate induce IOP’s changes?

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110233
Author(s):  
Marcelina Sobczak ◽  
Magdalena Asejczyk ◽  
Malwina Geniusz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objectives: The main goal of this research was to determine the differences between the values of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the supine and sitting positions, and to assess the effect of age and cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Seventy-two healthy adults were enrolled and classified into age groups: 20–30 years (group A), 31–40 years (group B), and 41–71 years (group C). Corneal biometry and cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate (HR), were measured. IOP measurements were taken in the sitting position (IOPS) and in the supine position (IOPL) using the iCare® Pro tonometer. Results: A significant difference between the IOPS and IOPL in the entire cohort was found ( p < 0.001). Regarding the age subgroups, a significant difference ( p < 0.001) between the IOPS and IOPL was obtained in group A (2.6 ± 1.6 mmHg) and group C (1.5 ± 1.3 mmHg). There were no significant differences in the IOPS between groups. The highest IOP values were obtained for group A. The correlations between HR and IOPS are statistically significant for group A and group B, and for HR and IOPL-S for group B only. Multivariate analysis showed that HR has a significant influence on the difference in IOP in the two body positions. Conclusion: A statistically significant difference between the effect of age and the values of IOPS and IOPL was shown. Cardiovascular parameters showed some relevant statistical dependencies, but with a rather marginal significance in young people. The influence of body position for the measurement of IOP for healthy subjects does not seem to matter, despite the fact that there are some dependencies that are statistically significant.

The effect of external ventricular drain tunneling length on CSF infection rate in pediatric patients: a randomized, double-blind, 3-arm controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mohammadi ◽  
Sara Hanaei ◽  
Sina Azadnajafabad ◽  
Keyvan Tayebi Meybodi ◽  
Zohreh Habibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
External Ventricular Drain ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE The role of tunneling an external ventricular drain (EVD) more than the standard 5 cm for controlling device-related infections remains controversial. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, 3-arm controlled trial done in the Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Pediatric patients (< 18 years old) with temporary hydrocephalus requiring an EVD and no evidence of CSF infection or prior EVD insertion were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) into the following arms: 5-cm (standard; group A); 10-cm (group B); or 15-cm (group C) EVD tunnel lengths. The investigators, parents, and person performing the analysis were masked. The surgeon was informed of the length of the EVD by the monitoring board just before operation. Patients were followed until the EVD’s fate was established. Infection rate and other complications related to EVDs were assessed. RESULTS A total of 105 patients were enrolled in three random groups (group A = 36, group B = 35, and group C = 34). The EVD was removed because there was no further need in most cases (67.6%), followed by conversion to a new EVD or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (15.2%), infection (11.4%), and spontaneous discharge without further CSF diversion requirement (5.7%). No statistical difference was found in infection rate (p = 0.47) or EVD duration (p = 0.81) between the three groups. No group reached the efficacy point sooner than the standard group (group B: hazard ratio 1.21, 95% CI 0.75–1.94, p = 0.429; group C: hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.64–1.65, p = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS EVD tunnel lengths of 5 cm and longer did not show a difference in the infection rate in pediatric patients. Indeed, tunneling lengths of 5 cm and greater seem to be equally effective in preventing EVD infection. Clinical trial registration no.: IRCT20160430027680N2 (IRCT.ir)

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY ON SHIREESHADI AVAPEEDANA NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SURYAVARTHA (FRONTAL SINUSITIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1654-1658
Author(s):  
Amarnath H K
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frontal Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Blockage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Foul Smell ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Nasya karma is considered a prime treatment modality in all types of Shiroroga (Headache) and also in Suryavar- tha (Frontal Sinusitis). Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) is one of the 11 types of Shiroroga. It is one of the com- mon clinical conditions found in day to day general as well as Shalakya (ENT) practice. It presents with headache as one of its cardinal features and its occurrence is found in both genders and in all age groups. Objective: To study the efficacy of Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis). Ma- terial methods: Twenty patients of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) were diagnosed and registered for the clinical study irrespective of sex, socio-economic status, and religion. The study was divided into two groups - Group A and Group B. Group – A patients were treated with Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya for 7 days and Group – B patients were treated by Nasya with milk for 7 days. Observation and result: Among 20 patients of Suryavartha / frontal sinusitis, 20 (100%) of patients had headache, 11 (55%) had nasal blockage, 05 (25%) had nasal dis- charge, 08 (40%) had foul smell in their breath and 14 (70%) have variations from normal X-Ray. The severity of headache is significantly reduced after treatment in both Groups A and B (92.95% and 73.07%) respectively. Conclusion: Administration of Shireeshadi Avapeeda Nasya showed statistically significant improvement in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis). Keywords: Suryavartha, Nasya, Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya, Frontal Sinusitis, Shigru, Mulaka, Ksheera.

ALBUMIN VERSUS FRESH FROZEN PLASMA IN MANAGING DIURETIC RESISTANT EDEMA IN CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajeet Singh ◽  
P K Berwal ◽  
T C Saini ◽  
Narender Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Double Number ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Background: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy and outcome of albumin with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in the treatment of diuretic resistant edema in nephrotic syndrome Methods: Sixty patients with idiopathic NS were enrolled in this prospective analytic study. Patients with moderate to severe edema with serum albumin <1.5 gm/dl were given albumin and FFP dividing into two groups. Group-A, received intravenous albumin- 1 gm/kg/day and Group-B intravenous FFP 15ml/kg/day. Total number of albumin and FFP infusion were determined by edema reduction. Results: Diagnosis of NS and biochemical parameters were same in both groups. Dry weight was achieved in Group-A in 6.62± 3.15 days and in Group-B 6.65 ± 3.18 days. In GroupA the number of albumin infusion required was 1.42±0.62 and Group-B FFP infusion required was 3.11± 1.05 (p=0.0001). No significant complications were observed in both the groups. Conclusion: FFP cost half than albumin and same duration required to reduce edema but with double number of infusion and it is safe in pediatric patients with NS presenting with moderate to severe edema. Keywords: NS, Oedema, FFP, Albumin

Phase I/II trial of dexverapamil plus vinblastine for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Motzer ◽  
P Lyn ◽  
P Fischer ◽  
P Lianes ◽  
R L Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Reversal Agent ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mdr Reversal

PURPOSE The reduced cardiac toxicity of the dextro-(d-) stereoisomer of verapamil (dexverapamil; Knoll Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ) warrants its study as a potential multidrug-resistance (MDR) reversal agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated with vinblastine at a dose of 0.11 mg/kg intravenous (IV) bolus injection on days 1 and 2 every 21 days. Dexverapamil was added to subsequent cycles after resistance had been demonstrated. Dexverapamil treatment was begun 18 hours before day 1 of vinblastine administration and was given orally every 6 hours for 12 doses. Patients in group A were treated with a dose of 120 mg/m2, and those in group B were treated with 180 mg/m2 plus dexamethasone; plasma concentrations achieved in patients were correlated with in vitro effects. RESULTS Toxicities included hypotension, asymptomatic bradycardia, and mild atrioventricular conduction delays, although one patient had dexverapamil discontinued for grade IV congestive heart failure. There were no partial or complete responses. The mean day-1 serum dexverapamil plus norverapamil plasma concentrations were 2,575 ng/mL (range, 697 to 6,015 ng/mL) for group A and 1,654 ng/mL (range, 710 to 4,132 ng/mL) for group B at the time of vinblastine administration. These concentrations were in the range of those that reversed vinblastine resistance in vitro. CONCLUSION The advantage of dexverapamil as an MDR reversal agent is its potential for achieving desired blood levels with substantially less toxicity than the racemic mixture of verapamil. Based on tolerability, it is a suitable drug for further study in clinical trials of malignancies other than RCC that attempt to achieve MDR reversal. The dose of 120 mg/m2 given orally every 6 hours, with dose escalation based on individual tolerance, represents a feasible schedule to be considered for such studies.

scholarly journals A COMPARITIVE STUDY BETWEEN EPIDURAL BUTORPHANOL, NALBUPHINE AND FENTANYL FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA IN LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Swarna Banerjee ◽  
Shaswat Kumar Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Catheter Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Achieving satisfactory post-operative analgesia with neuraxial administration of narcotics has been the subject of much research. The use of epidural opioids had become an increasingly popular technique for management of acute post-operative pain in recent times. This study evaluates post-operative analgesic benefits in patients administered epidural butorphanol, nalbuphine, and fentanyl as adjuvants with local anesthetics postoperatively for surgery under epidural anesthesia.Methods: A total of 75 patients belonging to age groups 18-60 years who were scheduled for surgeries of lower abdomen were randomly divided into groups of 25 each. Epidural technique was adopted for surgery of the lower abdomen for all patients with 0.5% bupivacaine. In the post-operative period, the study drug was given through epidural catheter. Group A received butorphanol 2 mg, Group B received fentanyl 100 μg, and Group C received nalbuphine 10 mg with 0.125% bupivacaine diluted to 10 ml in normal saline each. Onset, duration, quality of analgesia, hemodynamic changes, and side effects – such as sedation, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, and urinary retention - were recorded and compared.Results: The demographic data were comparable in all three groups. The onset of sensory block was significantly earlier in Group B (fentanyl) than other two groups. Duration was significantly longer in Group A (butorphanol). No serious cardiorespiratory side effects were noted in any of groups.Conclusion: Fentanyl produces the faster onset of analgesia with adverse effects like pruritus. Butorphanol administered epidurally has the advantage of longer duration of analgesia than fentanyl or epidural nalbuphine with side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and sedation.Keywords: Epidural analgesia, Butorphanol, Fentanyl, Nalbuphine.

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