Formation of Artifactual Ammonia in Blood by Action of Alkali

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Reinhold ◽  
Charles C Chung
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spontaneous Production ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
Production Of Ammonia ◽  
Standard Solutions

Abstract Data are presented that demonstrate that ammonia is formed in the course of the analysis of blood samples. The formation has been traced to the decomposition of protein by the action of alkali. The pH established during the diffusion process was of critical importance in the measurements. A technic is described by which ammonia is displaced from blood by a sodium borate buffer at a pH that avoids spontaneous production of ammonia from blood protein. The Seligson-Seligson microdiffusion apparatus is used. Instructions are given for the collection of blood samples and the preparation of reagents and standard solutions.

Decomposition of 4,4'-(Diazoamino)-bis(5-methoxy-2-methylbenezenesulfonic Acid) in Solutions ofFD&C Red No. 40

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
Naomi Richfield-Fratz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Color Additive ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

Abstract 4,4'-(Diazoamino)-bis(5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesuIfonic acid), when present as a reaction by-product in FD&C Red No. 40, is shown to decompose rapidly in aqueous solutions of the color additive. The decomposition is halted by the addition of sodium borate buffer. Quantitationly liquid chromatography shows that decomposition is nonlinear with time and follows approximate first order kinetics.

scholarly journals Detection and Assay of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) in Alkaline Borate Buffer with UV/Visible Spectrophotometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Bartzatt ◽  
Tasloach Wol
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Aqueous Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
B Vitamin

The detection and assay of vitamin B-2 (riboflavin) was accomplished under aqueous conditions using sodium borate buffering at pH 7.52 conditions. The absorbance spectrum of riboflavin was determined at different pH values utilizing several buffers. The buffer at pH at 7.52 is followed by accurate and sensitive assay of riboflavin by spectrophotometer at 440 nm wavelength. Where indicated an origin solution (stock) was employed by dissolving sufficient vitamin to make a stock solution of 1.403×10-4 molar concentrations. Measurements of various aqueous solutions containing riboflavin were accomplished that included aqueous test samples, vitamin capsules/tablets, and water vitamin mixtures. A standard curve extended from 7.97×10-7 molar to 1.23×10-4 molar (a 154x folds spread in concentration). The equation of the line was y = 12545x (intercept at origin) with Pearson r correlation of 1.000 (R2=1.000). Concentration of riboflavin assayed ranged from 3.00×10-4 gram per liter (0.30 ppm) to 0.0463 gram per liter (46.35 ppm). The B vitamin riboflavin can be assayed by UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 440 nm in aqueous media and using sodium borate buffer at pH 7.52. The assay can reach as low as 0.30 parts per million with high levels of accuracy and sensitivity.

STEROID FOCUSING BY MICELLE COLLAPSE IN MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NORTHAQIFAH HASNA MOHAMED KHIR ◽  
JAFARIAH JAAFAR ◽  
MOHD BAKRI BAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Borate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Electrokinetic Chromatography ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Phase Zone ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
Buffer Condition

Preliminary studies on the separation of neutral steroids through analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC) are presented to investigate its efficiency, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD). The focusing mechanism of AFMC is based on the transport, release, and accumulation of molecules bound to micelle carriers that are made to collapse into a liquid phase zone. The sample solution of the neutral analytes (S) is prepared using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) at a concentration above the critical micelle concentration (cmc) with higher conductivity than the running buffer. Normal mode–micellar electrokinetic chromatography (NM–MEKC) separation was initially performed on 100 mg/L of six neutral steroids in methanol using 20 mM SDS, 10% (v/v) methanol and sodium borate buffer (pH 9.0) with positive applied voltage of 25 kV and pressure injection of 50 mbar for 1 sec at 25°C. The same buffer condition has been applied to AFMC–MEKC, whereby the mixture of six neutral steroids was dissolved in 2 mM SDS and 250 mM sodium borate buffer which gave a conductivity ratio of 0.49. Results showed a good separation of prednisolone, prednisone, betamethasone, testosterone, 17–α–methyltestosterone, and 4–androstene–3,17–dione at 240 nm with sensitivity enhancement factors of 2.08, 1.17, 0.92, 16.9, 0.8, and 1.21 respectively. AFMC–MEKC allowed several folds improvement in sensitivity compared to NM–MEKC.

Blood Protein Polymorphism in Harp Seals off Eastern Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1397-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Nævdal
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Protein Polymorphism ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis

Blood samples from 208 harp seals taken in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and 175 taken off the east coast of Newfoundland showed no significant difference in frequency distributions of the serum transferrins or in gene frequencies. The samples were collected in the pupping season and analyzed by zone electrophoresis.

Isolation and purification of microbial community DNA from soil naturally enriched for chitin

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pullabhotla Sarma ◽  
Vadlamudi Srinivas ◽  
Kondreddy Anil ◽  
Appa Podile
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Metagenomic Dna ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chitinase Genes ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

AbstractWe made an attempt to isolate and purify metagenomic DNA from chitin enriched soil. In this communication we report a modified direct lysis method for soil DNA extraction including initial pre-lysis washing of sample, followed by a rapid polyvinylpyrrolidone-agarose-based purification and electroelution of DNA using Gene-capsule™ assembly. Rapidity was achieved using low molarity conducting media (sodium-borate buffer) for electrophoresis by reducing run time for both the gel electrophoresis and electroelution. Extracted DNA was sufficiently pure and of high quality, evidenced by amplification of 16S rDNA and chitinase genes by PCR. Metagenomic nature of the DNA was confirmed by running V3 (16S rDNA) region amplicons using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. This method requires 30 min for purification, and less than 2 h for complete execution of protocol and becomes the first report on the isolation of metagenomic DNA from soil naturally enriched for chitin.

Fibrinolytic Activity of Two Polypeptide Chains from Human Plasminogen#

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Agustín Joison ◽  
Gustavo Baiardi ◽  
Rocío Donalisio ◽  
Federico Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Plasma Glycoprotein ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

Background: Plasminogen is a blood plasma glycoprotein of molecular weight about 92,000 Daltons. Physiologically, it incorporates into blood clots and after its activation by plasminogen activators to plasmin can perform a fibrinolytic function. Microplasmin is truncate polypeptide chain derivate of plasmin may be increase the fibrinolytic activity. Objective: To study the amino acid sequence of two polypeptides chains derivate to the plasminogen with fibrinolytic activity. Methods: he two polypeptides chains were prepared by isoelectric precipitation of human plasma in sodium borate buffer. The sample in a second step was subjected to affinity and ionic interchange chromatography and denaturalized electrophoresis was carried out on the sample previous heat 70ºC. Results: Two polypeptide chains of 29.000 and 35.000 Daltons by autolysis controlled were obtained with 25 UI of fibrinolytic activity in fibrin plate. Conclusion: Microplasmin was obtained with cleavage in different amino acid bounds and rearrangement of amino acids by autolysis with controlled alkaline precipitation.

scholarly journals Synthesis of InP/ZnS Nanocrystals and Phase Transfer by Hydrolysis of Ester

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Franziska Lübkemann ◽  
Timo C. Gusenburger ◽  
Dominik Hinrichs ◽  
Rasmus Himstedt ◽  
Dirk Dorfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Shell Growth ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The synthesis of highly luminescent non-toxic nanocrystals (NCs) and the subsequent phase transfer to aqueous solution by hydrolysis of the crystal-bound ester are presented. Therefore, the synthesis of the spherical semiconductor system InP/ZnS was modified by changing the sulfur precursor in the synthesis from 1-dodecanethiol to dodecyl 3-mercaptopropionate (D3MP). By employing D3MP both as sulfur precursor for the ZnS shell growth and as stabilizing ligand, the phase transfer from organic to aqueous solution can be performed easily. Instead of the usually employed ligand exchange with mercaptopropionic acid, the NCs are only shaken with a sodium borate buffer in order to obtain aqueous soluble NCs by hydrolysis of the ester. In future work, the NCs must be protected against aggregation and the long term stability has to be increased. The optical properties of the samples are investigated by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) before and after phase transfer is determined by transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals A Rapid, Sensitive Thin Layer Chromatography Procedure for the Detection of Fumonisin B1 and B2

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Rottinghaus ◽  
Charles E. Coatney ◽  
Harry C. Minor
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Tlc Plates ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was developed for the detection of fumonisin B1 and B2 in corn and corn-based feedstuffs. Finely ground samples were extracted with acetonitrile: water (1: 1), filtered, and applied to C18 cleanup columns. The columns were washed with 1% aqueous KCl followed by acetonitrile: 1% aqueous KC1 (1:9), and the fumonisins were eluted with acetonitrile: water (7:3). The eluants were concentrated and spotted on reverse-phase C18 TLC plates along with fumonisin B1 and B2 standards, and the plates were developed in methanol: 4% aqueous KCl (3:2). The fumonisins were visualized by spraying the TLC plates successively with 0.1 M sodium borate buffer, fluorescamine, and 0.01 M boric acid. The plates were then dried and examined under longwave ultraviolet light. Fumonisin B1 and B2 appeared as bright yellowish-green fluorescent bands at Rfs of 0.5 and 0.1, respectively. The detection limit for the fumonisins on the TLC plate was 0.1 ppm in corn. Recoveries from spiked samples averaged >80%. The identification of the fumonisins was confirmed by hydrolyzing the parent compounds of B1 and B2 to their respective C22 amino-alcohols and reexamining by TLC with the same visualizing reagents. This procedure was used to survey 193 corn samples collected from University of Missouri test plots in 1990 for fumonisin B,. Fumonisin B1 was detected in 15% of the corn samples.

scholarly journals Affects of boron administration on serum Ca, Mg and P ofperipartum Cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabu ◽  
F. M. Birdane ◽  
T. Civelek ◽  
C. Uyarlar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Group B

Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of sodium borate on the concentrations of serum calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P) in dairy cattle in the peripartum period. In the study, 14 healthy Holstein cows in the periparturient period (four weeks before and three weeks after calving) were divided into two equal groups according to oral treatments with sodium borate (30 g/day, group B), while some cows from the group were not treated (group C). Blood samples were obtained weekly from the prepartum 4 weeks until postpartum 3 weeks. At calving, changes were observed for the concentrations of the serum Ca, Mg and P in B and C groups. Ca (p>0.05) and Mg (p<0.001) concentrations were higher in group B than group C at calving. During the postpartum periods serum Ca and Mg concentrations increased (p<0.05) in group B compared to group C. Serum P concentrations were not affected by boron. The results suggest that sodium borate may be useful for sustaining metabolic balance and perhaps in preventing metabolic disorders such as milk fever and hypomagnesemia in dairy cattle during the periparturient period.

scholarly journals Assessment of corn starch as substitute for agarose in DNA gel electrophoresis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Tanam Djankpa ◽  
Gideon Akuamoah Wiafe ◽  
Bernard Ntim Boateng ◽  
Korantema Mawuena Tsegah ◽  
Samuel Essien-Baidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Sodium Borate ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Sodium Borate Buffer

Abstract Objective The use of agarose in nucleic acid electrophoresis is the gold standard. However, agarose is very expensive and not readily available in resource limited developing countries like Ghana. Hence, finding a more affordable and readily available alternative to agarose will be a major boost to molecular research in developing countries. This study was aimed at investigating the use of corn starch as a potential substitute for agarose in DNA gel electrophoresis. Results Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from Plasmodium falciparum and primers were obtained from the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens and amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The amplicon was run on agarose gel to ascertain the molecular weight (as a positive control). When visualized under both blue light and ultraviolet light, the DNA and ladder showed clear and clean bands with the expected molecular weight. Corn starch was then modified with sodium borate buffer, casted into a gel and used to run the same DNA sample. Our findings indicated that similar to agarose, the DNA sample and ladder migrated successfully through the modified starch gel but no bands were visible when visualized under blue and ultra-violet light.

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