scholarly journals Are cognition and personality related in budgerigars?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiani Chen ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Chuan Yan ◽  
Zibo Yu ◽  
Yuqi Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Previous Theory ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Abstract In recent years, researchers have been attempting to relate differences in personality (e.g., boldness, aggressiveness, exploration tendency) to variation in cognition (performances in tasks that require learning, reasoning, attention, or memory, etc.) both theoretically and empirically. However, it is unclear on what basis personality and cognition might be associated with each other. Previous theory suggests a connection between fast–slow personality types and cognitive speed–accuracy tradeoffs. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in budgerigars and found that, in their 1st associative learning, birds with fast personality (less fearful of handling stress) were fast learners in the beginning, while slow personality individuals improved faster, but both types of birds did not differ in accuracy. However, these relationships were context-dependent. No significant relationship was found in subsequent learning tasks (reversal learning and a 2nd associative learning) in the familiar context (task setup and apparatus similar to the 1st associative learning). We then conducted a problem-solving experiment with novel setup and apparatus to test 1 possible explanation that the association between personality and cognition in the 1st associative learning might be caused by noncognitive constraint, such as fearfulness when facing novel task setup and apparatus. We found that fast individuals interacted more with the problem box and solved it, whereas the slow birds were not. We suggest that personalities can influence cognitive performances and trigger a cognitive speed-improvement tradeoff under the novel context. However, there are no consistent cognitive styles that co-varied with different personalities.

scholarly journals Verbal and novel multisensory associative learning in adults

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M Fifer ◽  
Ayla Barutchu ◽  
Mohit N Shivdasani ◽  
Sheila G Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Multisensory Enhancement ◽  
Error Learning ◽  
Visual Shape ◽  
Adult Volunteers

To date, few studies have focused on the behavioural differences between the learning of multisensory auditory-visual and intra-modal associations. More specifically, the relative benefits of novel auditory-visual and verbal-visual associations for learning have not been directly compared. In Experiment 1, 20 adult volunteers completed three paired associate learning tasks: non-verbal novel auditory-visual (novel-AV), verbal-visual (verbal-AV; using pseudowords), and visual-visual (shape-VV). Participants were directed to make a motor response to matching novel and arbitrarily related stimulus pairs. Feedback was provided to facilitate trial and error learning. The results of Signal Detection Theory analyses suggested a multisensory enhancement of learning, with significantly higher discriminability measures (d-prime) in both the novel-AV and verbal-AV tasks than the shape-VV task. Motor reaction times were also significantly faster during the verbal-AV task than during the non-verbal learning tasks.  Experiment 2 (n = 12) used a forced-choice discrimination paradigm to assess whether a difference in unisensory stimulus discriminability could account for the learning trends in Experiment 1. Participants were significantly slower at discriminating unisensory pseudowords than the novel sounds and visual shapes, which was notable given that these stimuli produced superior learning. Together the findings suggest that verbal information has an added enhancing effect on multisensory associative learning in adults

Learning nonnative names: The effect of poor native phonological awareness

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEH-FANG HU ◽  
C. MELANIE SCHUELE
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Third Graders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phonological Representations ◽  
New Words ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Nonnative Acquisition ◽  
Learning Trials

This research investigates the influence of phonological awareness on the learning of vocabulary in a foreign language. Thirty-seven Chinese-speaking third graders with high phonological awareness and 37 with low phonological awareness participated in multitrial word learning tasks involving nonnative sounding (English) new names paired with novel referents. The children also participated in three additional associative learning tasks: learning to associate novel native sounding names, familiar native names, and unfamiliar visual shapes with unfamiliar referents. Results indicated that children with lower phonological awareness learned both the novel nonnative names and the novel native names less accurately than children with higher phonological awareness and required more learning trials. However, these two groups did not differ in learning to associate familiar names or unfamiliar visual shapes with novel referents. The findings suggest that poor phonological awareness might slow nonnative acquisition of vocabulary via difficulty in constructing new phonological representations for new words.

The problem of language identity in Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novel I want! in contemporary sociocultural context

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 211-227
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Baydalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Language Identity ◽  
National Question ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The novel by Volodymyr Vynnychenko I want! (1915) was, on one hand, his literary answer to the discussion on the national question in Ukrainian society, and, on the other, it was his reaction to the accusations of him being a renegade resulting from his shift towards Russian literature. In 1907-1908, after the publication of his dramas and novels which were impregnated with the idea of “being honest with oneself” (it implied that all thoughts, feelings, and acts were to be in harmony), his works could be more easily published in Russian than in Ukrainian. This situation was taken by his compatriots as a betrayal against his native language and the national cause. In the novel I want! the problem of language identity is directly linked with national identity. In the beginning of the novel the main character, poet Andrey Halepa, despite being ethnic Ukrainian, spoke, thought, and wrote poems in Russian, and consequently his personality was ruined and his actions lacked motivation. It seems that after his unsuccessful suicide attempt and under the influence of a “conscious” Ukrainian, Halepa got in touch with his national identity and developed a life goal (the “revival” of the Ukrainian nation and the building of a free-labour enterprise). However, in the novel, national identity turns out to be incomplete without language identity. Halepa spoke Ukrainian with mistakes, had difficulty choosing suitable words, and discovered with surprise the meaning of some Ukrainian words from his former Russian friends. The open finale emphasises the irony of the discourse around a fast national “revival” without struggle and effort, and which only required someone’s will.

scholarly journals PKT: fast color-based spatial model for human skin detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace L. Samson ◽  
Joan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Detection ◽  
Quad Tree ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Color Detection ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
Speed Accuracy

AbstractWe present a new detection method for color-based object detection, which can improve the performance of learning procedures in terms of speed, accuracy, and efficiency, using spatial inference, and algorithm. We applied the model to human skin detection from an image; however, the method can also work for other machine learning tasks involving image pixels. We propose (1) an improved RGB/HSL human skin color threshold to tackle darker human skin color detection problem. (2), we also present a new rule-based fast algorithm (packed k-dimensional tree --- PKT) that depends on an improved spatial structure for human skin/face detection from colored 2D images. We also implemented a novel packed quad-tree (PQT) to speed up the quad-tree performance in terms of indexing. We compared the proposed system to traditional pixel-by-pixel (PBP)/pixel-wise (PW) operation, and quadtree based procedures. The results show that our proposed spatial structure performs better (with a very low false hit rate, very high precision, and accuracy rate) than most state-of-the-art models.

scholarly journals Language, Form and Emotion in James Joyce’s Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man: A Literary Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Robert S.P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Language Form ◽  
The Relationship

James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man has fascinated readers for more than a century and there are layers of psychological meaning to be found throughout the novel. The novel is the perfect vehicle to discuss the relationship between form language and emotion as Joyce deliberately manipulated the emotional response of the reader through innovations in form and language, departing dramatically from previous literary traditions. This paper attempts to take a fresh look at the novel from a psychological perspective and seeks to examine underlying conditioning processes at work in the narrative – particularly the concept of associative learning. Understanding emotional responses to different stimuli is the bedrock of psychological investigation and 100 years after the date of its publication, Portrait of an Artist presents remarkably fresh insights into the human experience of emotion. Despite its age, Portrait of the Artist contains many contemporary psychological insights.

scholarly journals Kepribadian Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Negeri Para Bedebah Karya Tere Liye Kajian Psikoanalisis Carl Gustav Jung

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Renni Handayani Sembiring ◽  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Siti Gomo Attas
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Personality Characteristic ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Carl Gustav Jung ◽  
The Senses

This study aimed at finding out the main characters’ personality in the novel of Negeri Para Bedebah by Tere Liye based on Carl Gustav Jung’s psychoanalysis. The research method used qualitative with content analysis. Data were collected by inventorying Thomas's conversation based on Carl Gustav Jung's psychoanalytic personality characteristic. It consists of think extrovert, feels extrovert, sense extrovert, intuition extrovert, think introvert, feel introvert, sensitive introvert, and intuition introvert. The results revealed that the discovery of eight main characters’ personality. First, think extrovert is demonstrated by the ability of intellectual analysis of objective experience. Second, feel extrovert is found by responding emotionally to objective reality. Third, sense extrovert is the tendency of figures to analyze the situation. Fourth, intuition extrovert is seen by its character does not care about logic. Fifth, think introvert figure depiction looks inflexible, cold, judge, and cruel. Sixth, feel introvert showed by figures are selfish and unsympathetic. Seventh, sense introvert found the ability of the senses to give them subjective meaning. Eighth, intuition introvert is demonstrated by the figure closing in and keeping the distance from the others. In conclusion, the eight personality types can be found on the whole structure of an irregular novel story.

scholarly journals Nicholas Urfe’s Masculine Trap or the Construction of Manhood, its Ambivalences and Limitations in John Fowles’s The Magus

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Irina Strout
Keyword(s):  
Western Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
Lone Wolf ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Control

Western society and its fiction faces the overwhelming problem of masculinity and its modeling. The era of war, capitalism, the challenges of feminism affect the ideology within which men are constructed both as individuals and as a social group. John Fowles’s fi ction tackles the crucial issue of male power and control as masculinity is put to test and trial in his 1965 novel The Magus. The defi nition of manhood, male virility and social respectability of the period shape the 20th century male characters in Fowles’s fi ction. This paper aims to explore how John Fowles investigates the role of masculinity and power myths on the personal level of relationship and a wider scale of war and capitalism in The Magus. Notions of masculinity off er the protagonist, Nicholas Urfe, a sense of a superiority and power over women in the course of the novel. Among the goals of the project is to examine the mythical journey of Nicholas, which becomes a testing ground of his masculinity and maturity, as well his trial and ‘disintoxication,’ which is intended to help him to reevaluate his life and his relationships with women. One of the issues posed is whether Nicholas Urfe is reborn as a new man at the end of his search for redemption or if he remains the same egotistic, ‘lone wolf’ as he appears in the beginning of the novel.

scholarly journals OJEBETA “THE SELF AWAKENED” IN BUCHI EMECHETA’S THE SLAVE GIRL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Mary Stella Ran B. ◽  
Poli Reddy R.
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
The Self ◽  
African Women ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Buchi Emecheta ◽  
The People ◽  
In The Beginning

The novel “The Slave Girl” by Buchi Emecheta exposes the plights of African women and portrayal of their struggle as slaves and ultimately how they come up the problem and becomes a self-awakened.  In this paper, one can see Ojebeta starting her life as a slave and finally becomes an owner of a house by passing so many phases of life as a slave. In the beginning, she is sold into domestic slavery by her own brother.  She has become the victim to her brother’s traits.  She has become a scapegoat to the plans of African patriarchy.  The intention of Buchi Emecheta is to recreate the image of women through feminism.   Emecheta’s fiction is blended with reality representing socio historical elements of the prevailing society and its environment besides questioning the pathetic conditions of the people in general and women in particular. One can observe the narration of innocence of childhood grown into adulthood by attaining certain amount of freedom with the Christian education which she has received with which she has attained a small degree of self-awareness.

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