scholarly journals Adjustment of the annual cycle to climatic change in a long-lived migratory bird species

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Møller ◽  
E. Flensted-Jensen ◽  
W. Mardal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Breeding Date

Abstract Climate change has advanced the phenology of many organisms. Migratory animals face particular problems because climate change in the breeding and the wintering range may be asynchronous, preventing rapid response to changing conditions. Advancement in timing of spring migration may have carry-over effects to other parts of the annual cycle, simply because advancement of one event in the annual cycle also advances subsequent events, gradually causing a general shift in the timing of the entire annual cycle. Such a phenotypic shift could generate accumulating effects over the years for individuals, but also across generations. Here we test this novel hypothesis of phenotypic response to climate change by using long-term data on the Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea. Mean breeding date advanced by almost three weeks during the last 70 years. Annual arrival date at the breeding grounds during a period of 47 years was predicted by environmental conditions in the winter quarters in the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic and by mean breeding date the previous year. Annual mean breeding date was only margiually determined by timing of arrival the current year, but to a larger extent by arrival date and breeding date the previous year. Learning affected arrival date as shown by a positive correlation between arrival date in year (i + 1) relative to breeding date in year (i) and the selective advantage of early breeding in year (i). This provides a mechanism for changes in arrival date being adjusted to changing environmental conditions. This study suggests that adaptation to changing climatic conditions can be achieved through learning from year to year.

scholarly journals Climate change leads to differential shifts in the timing of annual cycle stages in a migratory bird

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Tomotani ◽  
Henk Jeugd ◽  
Phillip Gienapp ◽  
Iván Hera ◽  
Jos Pilzecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Migratory Bird

scholarly journals Short-Lived Species Move Uphill Faster Under Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joséphine Couet ◽  
Emma-Liina Marjakangas ◽  
Andrea Santangeli ◽  
John Atle Kålås ◽  
Åke Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
Species Abundances

Abstract Climate change is pushing species ranges towards poles and mountain tops. Although many studies have documented local altitudinal shifts, knowledge of general patterns at a large spatial scale, such as a whole mountain range, is very limited. From a conservation perspective, studying altitudinal shifts is particularly important as mountain regions often represent biodiversity hotspots and are among the most vulnerable ecosystems. Here, we examine whether altitudinal shifts have occurred among birds in the Scandinavian mountains over 13 years and assess whether such shifts are related to species’ traits. Using abundance data, we show a clear pattern of uphill shifts in the mean altitudes of the bird species’ abundances across the Scandinavian mountains, with an average speed of 0.9 m per year. Out of 77 species, 54 shifted their ranges uphill. In general, the range shift was faster when the altitudinal range within the area was wider. Importantly, the altitudinal shift was strongly related to species’ longevity: short-lived species showed more pronounced altitudinal uphill shifts than long-lived species. Our results show that the altitudinal range shifts are not only driven by a small number of individuals at the range boundaries, but the overall bird abundances are on the move. This highlights the wide-ranging impact of climate change and the potential vulnerability of species with slow life-histories, as they appear unable to timely respond to rapidly changing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Breeding experience and population density affect the ability of a songbird to respond to future climate variation

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1625) ◽  
pp. 2539-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Wilson ◽  
D. Ryan Norris ◽  
Amy G Wilson ◽  
Peter Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Variation ◽  
Mixed Effects Models ◽  
Breeding Date ◽  
Cohort Differences

Predicting how populations respond to climate change requires an understanding of whether individuals or cohorts within populations vary in their response to climate variation. We used mixed-effects models on a song sparrow ( Melospiza melodia ) population in British Columbia, Canada, to examine differences among females and cohorts in their average breeding date and breeding date plasticity in response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Climatic variables, age and population density were strong predictors of timing of breeding, but we also found considerable variation among individual females and cohorts. Within cohorts, females differed markedly in their breeding date and cohorts also differed in their average breeding date and breeding date plasticity. The plasticity of a cohort appeared to be due primarily to an interaction between the environmental conditions (climate and density) experienced at different ages rather than innate inter-cohort differences. Cohorts that expressed higher plasticity in breeding date experienced warmer El Niño springs in their second or third breeding season, suggesting that prior experience affects how well individuals responded to abnormal climatic conditions. Cohorts born into lower density populations also expressed higher plasticity in breeding date. Interactions between age, experience and environmental conditions have been reported previously for long-lived taxa. Our current results indicate that similar effects operate in a short-lived, temperate songbird.

First arrival dates of the Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) to Central Croatia in the early 20th century and at the turn of the 21st century

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kralj ◽  
Zdravko Dolenec
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Luscinia Megarhynchos ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Difference

AbstractGlobal climate change has important impacts on animal life-cycles. One of the responses to global warming is an earlier arrival time of many migratory bird species. The first arrival date of the Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) in Central Croatia was studied for the periods of 1901–1917 and 1991–2005. Data were derived from the first spring observations and first capture data. A statistically significant advance of 11 ± 1.4 days was recorded. The difference in the mean April temperature between two study periods was significant, while changes in NAO winter index were not significant. Adequate data from the beginning of the 20th century exist; however, recent studies were done on a relatively short-term basis. Therefore, the analysis of two discrete datasets may help to fill the gaps in the knowledge about the climate change response.

Mercury and marine birds in Arctic Canada: effects, current trends, and why we should be paying closer attention

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Provencher ◽  
M.L. Mallory ◽  
B.M. Braune ◽  
M.R. Forbes ◽  
H.G. Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
High Concentrations

Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring trace element that is also a by-product of anthropogenic activities and, in its methylated form, it is a neurotoxin that can have adverse effects on wildlife. The toxicity of Hg for humans, wildlife, and ecosystem health merits monitoring of its concentrations by various sampling means. Marine birds are widely used as indicators of ecosystem health, including biomonitoring of Hg in the Arctic. Since the mid-1970s, Hg concentrations in marine birds have been monitored across the Canadian North. Current Hg burdens in most northern marine bird species are below levels associated with health concerns, but several species have concentrations that are at or near levels associated with impaired reproduction. Arctic marine birds in Canada may be particularly at risk from increasing Hg levels associated with changing climatic conditions and long-term Hg deposition patterns. Research on marine birds should, therefore, continue to focus on spatial and temporal patterns of Hg contamination, assessing levels and biological effects in species that are experiencing high concentrations, and among species that are widely harvested due to the possible implications for human health.

Environmental Governance of the Arctic: Next Steps – Diverse, Compatible, Needed

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-243
Author(s):  
Joseph F.C. DiMento ◽  
Christine Schrottenbaum ◽  
Elizabeth Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Regime ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Legal Strategies

The urgency of applying effective legal strategies to respond to environmental change in the Arctic is ever more apparent. The existing framework for environmental governance has matured and its constituents are numerous, and many are promising. However, policymakers and other stakeholders contend that new approaches to confronting environmental conditions, including mitigation of climate change and adapting to it, are needed. Many ideas have been offered; they range considerably in their assessment of what changes are needed and by when. Here we briefly describe the cluster of constituents of environmental governance, the international environmental regime, of the Arctic; we briefly note newly recommended approaches; and we analyse two approaches we consider most promising. These, cooperative scientific-based management strategies and adversarial legal actions, are dissimilar – to the point that some policy makers consider them incompatible. We argue, however, that both are needed and we describe elements of their successful use.

scholarly journals Hydrologic alteration and potential ecosystemic implications under a changing climate in the Chitral River, Hindukush region, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Usman ◽  
X. Pan ◽  
D. Penna ◽  
B. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Hydrologic Alteration ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Assess Climate Change ◽  
Hydrologic Alterations

Abstract This study investigates changes in the hydrologic regime of the Chitral River, Hindukush–Karakoram–Himalayan (HKH) region, Pakistan. Different statistically based methods were used to assess climate change-induced hydrologic alterations that can possibly impact aquatic habitat in the study region. The hydrological model Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) was calibrated, validated, and applied to predict streamflow in the Chitral River basin. The HBV model was forced with the ensemble of four general circulation models under different representative concentration pathway emission scenarios to generate future streamflow under climate change conditions in the basin for the mid-twenty-first century. The results of this study show that hydrologic regimes in the study area, expressed by the magnitude, duration, frequency, timing, and rate of streamflow, are likely to alter in the future. Positive (i.e., with increased frequency) hydrologic alteration is projected for most flow parameters under all scenarios for the 2021–2050 period compared with values observed during the historical period (1976–2005). These hydrologic alterations might have impacts on fish and migratory bird species in the study area. This research can be helpful in providing practical information for more effective water resources and aquatic ecosystem management in the HKH region.

scholarly journals Sve raniji povratak kukavice (Cuculus canorus L.) sa zimovanja u šume sjeverozapadne Hrvatske

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 576-576
Author(s):  
Zdravko Dolenec
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

The Earth is getting warmer at its surface and this global warming can be linked to numerous different phenomena worldwide and it has great impact on ecosystems. Responses to climate change vary interspecies, intraspecies and among different area. Most of the birds in the temperate regions arrive earlier from their wintering places and it is believed that this is a response to the significantly higher spring temperatures. The main aim of this work is to describe changes in spring arrival dates of Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) in the period between 1989 and 2016, and also, to identify relationship between dates of arrival and mean spring temperature in the researched period. The Common Cuckoo is an obligate brood parasite and common bird species in study area. In this research, mean April temperature is used as the mean spring temperature because April is the month when this bird species returns from wintering. First arrival date is the common type of data in investigation of connections between climate change and timing of migration. In research of the most bird species this is when the birds are observed for the first time that year, but in the Common Cuckoo, noting the first time hearing them sing is more usual method. Results of this study suggest that climate changes cause earlier arrival of the Common Cuckoo from the wintering place to the breeding area. Their first arrival date in northwestern Croatia has advanced (significantly) by seven days over the past 28 years. Correlation between first arrival date and average April temperature is also significant. Mean spring temperature increased significantly from 1989 to 2016. This result indicates that mean spring temperature has an influence on the date of the Common Cuckoo first arrival. For the Common Cuckoo, it is important that climate changes don’t cause significant differences in the timing of breeding between them and their host bird species.

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