scholarly journals Reorganization of chromatin architecture during prenatal development of porcine skeletal muscle

DNA Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renqiang Yuan ◽  
Jiaman Zhang ◽  
Yujie Wang ◽  
Xingxing Zhu ◽  
Silu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Abstract Myofibers (primary and secondary myofiber) are the basic structure of muscle and the determinant of muscle mass. To explore the skeletal muscle developmental processes from primary myofibers to secondary myofibers, we conducted an integrative 3 D structure of genome and transcriptomic characterization of longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of pig from primary myofiber formation stage [embryonic day 35 (E35)] to secondary myofiber formation stage (E80). In the hierarchical genomic structure, we found that 11.43% of genome switched compartment A/B status, 14.53% of topologically associating domains (TADs) are changed intra-domain interactions (D-scores) and 3,166 genes with differential promoter-enhancer interactions (PEIs) and (or) enhancer activity from E35 to E80. The alterations of genome architecture were found to affect expression of genes that play significant roles in neuromuscular junction (NMJ), embryonic morphogenesis, and skeletal muscle development or metabolism, typically NEFL, MuSK, SLN, Mef2D and GCK. Significantly, Sox6 and MATN2 play important roles in the process of primary to secondary myofibers form and increase the RPS and genes expression in it. In brief, we reveal the genomic reorganization from E35 to E80 and construct genome-wide high-resolution interaction maps that provide a resource for studying long-range control of gene expression from E35 to E80.

The relationships of collagen and ADAMTS2 expressionlevels with meat quality traits in cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
H. .Liao ◽  
Y. X. Qi ◽  
Y. Q. Wang ◽  
Y. Z. Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the major macromolecule in skeletal muscle, and collagen is main component of ECM surrounding muscle fiber and adipocyte, which affect meat quality greatly. The remodeling of ECM is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS2, which is essential for the maturation of triple helical collagen fibrils in body. The expression patterns of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 in longissimus dorsi muscle were explored by qRT-PCR and results indicated that the expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher at 3 and 24 month, while significantly lower at 12 and 30 month. The expression of ADAMTS2 and COL1A1 had significant positive relationships with intramuscular fat content, while expression of COL3A1 had significant positive relationship with shearing force and water holding capacity in cattle. The expression levels of collagen and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher in mesenteric fat, mammary fat pad and subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, biceps femoris and infraspinitus tissues. The expressions levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly lower in marbling fat than in other fat tissues. This study indicated that the expression of collagen and ADAMTS2 had important effects on postnatal skeletal muscle development and meat quality.

scholarly journals Muscle-specific expression of the troponin I gene requires interactions between helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors and ubiquitous transcription factors.

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lin ◽  
K E Yutzey ◽  
S F Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Muscle Regulatory Factors

The quail fast skeletal troponin I (TnI) gene is a member of the contractile protein gene set and is expressed exclusively in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. TnI gene transcription is controlled by an internal regulatory element (IRE), located within the first intron, that functions as a muscle-specific enhancer. Recent studies have shown that the TnI IRE may interact directly with the muscle regulatory factors MyoD, myogenin, and Myf-5 to produce a muscle-specific expression pattern, since these factors trans-activate cotransfected TnI gene constructs in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts. In this study, we have examined the protein-IRE interactions that are responsible for transcriptionally activating the TnI gene during skeletal muscle development. We demonstrate that the helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, and MRF4, when complexed with the immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein E12, interact with identical nucleotides within a muscle regulatory factor-binding site (MRF site) located in the TnI IRE. The nuclear proteins that bind to the MRF site are restricted to skeletal muscle cells, since protein extracts from HeLa, L, and C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts do not contain similar binding activities. Importantly, the TnI MRF site alone is not sufficient to elicit the full enhancer activity associated with the IRE. Instead, two additional regions (site I and site II) are required. The proteins that interact with site I and site II are expressed in both muscle and nonmuscle cell types and by themselves are ineffective in activating TnI gene expression. However, when the MRF site is positioned upstream or downstream of site I and site II, full enhancer activity is restored. We conclude that helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors must interact with ubiquitously expressed proteins to generate the active TnI transcription complex that is present in differentiated muscle fibers.

scholarly journals Characterization of two myostatin genes in pufferfish Takifugu bimaculatus: sequence, genomic structure, and expression

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9655
Author(s):  
Yinzhen Sheng ◽  
Yulong Sun ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Haifu Wan ◽  
Chengjie Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
The Brain

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth, which restrains the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. To understand the role of two mstn genes of Takifugu bimaculatus, the full-length cDNAs of 1131 bp Tbmstn1 and 1,080 bp Tbmstn2 were obtained from the T. bimaculatus’ genomic database, which encodes 376 and 359 amino acids, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that Tbmstn1 was expressed in the eye, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, gill, and brain, and the expression level in the skeletal muscle was extremely significantly higher than in other examined tissues. Tbmstn2 was expressed in the skin, skeletal muscle, gill, and brain, and had the highest expression in the skeletal muscle, followed by expression in the brain. Meanwhile, in different stages of embryonic development, the expression of Tbmstn1 started from the gastrula stage. Its expression in the eye-pigment formation stage and hatching stage was significantly higher than that in other stages. The Tbmstn2 was expressed in all examined embryonic stages with different levels, and the highest expression was detected in the eye-pigment formation stage. These results suggested that Tbmstn1 and Tbmstn2 may involve in the development of skeletal muscle, and Tbmstn2 may be related to the formation of nervous system.

Muscle-specific expression of the troponin I gene requires interactions between helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors and ubiquitous transcription factors

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Lin ◽  
K E Yutzey ◽  
S F Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Muscle Regulatory Factors

The quail fast skeletal troponin I (TnI) gene is a member of the contractile protein gene set and is expressed exclusively in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. TnI gene transcription is controlled by an internal regulatory element (IRE), located within the first intron, that functions as a muscle-specific enhancer. Recent studies have shown that the TnI IRE may interact directly with the muscle regulatory factors MyoD, myogenin, and Myf-5 to produce a muscle-specific expression pattern, since these factors trans-activate cotransfected TnI gene constructs in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts. In this study, we have examined the protein-IRE interactions that are responsible for transcriptionally activating the TnI gene during skeletal muscle development. We demonstrate that the helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors MyoD, myogenin, Myf-5, and MRF4, when complexed with the immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein E12, interact with identical nucleotides within a muscle regulatory factor-binding site (MRF site) located in the TnI IRE. The nuclear proteins that bind to the MRF site are restricted to skeletal muscle cells, since protein extracts from HeLa, L, and C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts do not contain similar binding activities. Importantly, the TnI MRF site alone is not sufficient to elicit the full enhancer activity associated with the IRE. Instead, two additional regions (site I and site II) are required. The proteins that interact with site I and site II are expressed in both muscle and nonmuscle cell types and by themselves are ineffective in activating TnI gene expression. However, when the MRF site is positioned upstream or downstream of site I and site II, full enhancer activity is restored. We conclude that helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors must interact with ubiquitously expressed proteins to generate the active TnI transcription complex that is present in differentiated muscle fibers.

scholarly journals AKT2 regulates development and metabolic homeostasis via AMPK-depedent pathway in skeletal muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2381-2398
Author(s):  
Miao Chen ◽  
Caoyu Ji ◽  
Qingchen Yang ◽  
Shuya Gao ◽  
Yue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Development ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Abstract Skeletal muscle is responsible for the majority of glucose disposal in the body. Insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle accounts for 85–90% of the impairment of total glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanism remains controversial. The present study aims to investigate whether AKT2 deficiency causes deficits in skeletal muscle development and metabolism, we analyzed the expression of molecules related to skeletal muscle development, glucose uptake and metabolism in mice of 3- and 8-months old. We found that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) A (MEF2A) expression were down-regulated in AKT2 knockout (KO) mice, which can be inverted by AMPK activation. We also observed reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle of AKT2 KO mice, which was prevented by AMPK activation. Moreover, AKT2 KO mice exhibited impaired AMPK signaling in response to insulin stimulation compared with WT mice. Our study establishes a new and important function of AKT2 in regulating skeletal muscle development and glucose metabolism via AMPK-dependent signaling.

scholarly journals In Utero Fetal Weight in Pigs Is Regulated by microRNAs and Their Target Genes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Eduard Murani ◽  
Frieder Hadlich ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Klaus Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle

Impaired skeletal muscle growth in utero can result in reduced birth weight and poor carcass quality in pigs. Recently, we showed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in prenatal skeletal muscle development and pathogenesis of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In this study, we performed an integrative miRNA-mRNA transcriptomic analysis in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of pig fetuses at 63 days post conception (dpc) to identify miRNAs and genes correlated to fetal weight. We found 13 miRNAs in LDM significantly correlated to fetal weight, including miR-140, miR-186, miR-101, miR-15, miR-24, miR-29, miR-449, miR-27, miR-142, miR-99, miR-181, miR-199, and miR-210. The expression of these miRNAs decreased with an increase in fetal weight. We also identified 1315 genes significantly correlated to fetal weight at 63 dpc, of which 135 genes were negatively correlated as well as identified as potential targets of the above-listed 13 miRNAs. These miRNAs and their target genes enriched pathways and biological processes important for fetal growth, development, and metabolism. These results indicate that the transcriptomic profile of skeletal muscle can be used to predict fetal weight, and miRNAs correlated to fetal weight can serve as potential biomarkers of prenatal fetal health and growth.

Alterations in Ultrastructure of Skeletal Muscle From Newborn Guinea Pigs Following in Utero Exposure to Ethanol

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
C. Uphoff ◽  
C. Nyquist-Battie ◽  
T.B. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Chronic Alcoholic ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Post Intubation

Ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscle have been observed in adult chronic alcoholic patients. However, no such study has been performed on individuals prenatally exposed to ethanol. In order to determine if ethanol exposure in utero in the latter stages of muscle development was deleterious, skeletal muscle was obtained from newborn guinea pigs treated in the following manner. Six Hartly strain pregnant guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the ethanol or the pair-intubated groups. Twice daily the 3 ethanol-treated animals were intubated with Ensure (Ross Laboratories) liquid diet containing 30% ethanol (6g/Kg pre-pregnant body weight per day) from day 35 of gestation until parturition at day 70±1 day. Serum ethanol levels were determined at 1 hour post-intubation by the Sigma alcohol test kit. For pair-intubation the Ensure diet contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Both food and water intake were monitored.

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