Food additive emulsifiers and their impact on gut microbiome, permeability and inflammation: mechanistic insights in inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S Bancil ◽  
Alicia M Sandall ◽  
Megan Rossi ◽  
Benoit Chassaing ◽  
James O Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the 21 st century. Despite multiple studies investigating the pathogenesis of IBD, the causative mechanisms pertaining to the increased prevalence remain unclear. There is growing evidence that aspects of a ‘Western diet’ increase the risk of developing IBD. More recently, evidence implicating dietary emulsifiers has accumulated, with ecological studies showing a positive correlation with inflammatory bowel disease and emulsifier consumption. Further to these, cell and animal studies have demonstrated plausible mechanisms by which dietary emulsifiers may contribute to IBD pathogenesis through mechanisms including: promotion of pro-inflammatory intestinal microbiota; disruption of mucus architecture; increased intestinal permeability; activation of inflammatory pathways and disruption of the cell cycle. This review critically analyses the current evidence for these mechanisms that may be of pathological relevance to IBD, evaluates recent dietary trials, acknowledges the challenges of dietary intervention studies and gives an overview of ongoing and future clinical trials in this important area.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis, assessment and management of children with inflammatory bowel disease in the UK: implications for practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000786
Author(s):  
Abbie Maclean ◽  
James J Ashton ◽  
Vikki Garrick ◽  
R Mark Beattie ◽  
Richard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Impact

The assessment and management of patients with known, or suspected, paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been hugely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although current evidence of the impact of COVID-19 infection in children with PIBD has provided a degree of reassurance, there continues to be the potential for significant secondary harm caused by the changes to normal working practices and reorganisation of services.Disruption to the normal running of diagnostic and assessment procedures, such as endoscopy, has resulted in the potential for secondary harm to patients including delayed diagnosis and delay in treatment. Difficult management decisions have been made in order to minimise COVID-19 risk for this patient group while avoiding harm. Initiating and continuing immunosuppressive and biological therapies in the absence of normal surveillance and diagnostic procedures have posed many challenges.Despite this, changes to working practices, including virtual clinic appointments, home faecal calprotectin testing kits and continued intensive support from clinical nurse specialists and other members of the multidisciplinary team, have resulted in patients still receiving a high standard of care, with those who require face-to-face intervention being highlighted.These changes have the potential to revolutionise the way in which patients receive routine care in the future, with the inclusion of telemedicine increasingly attractive for stable patients. There is also the need to use lessons learnt from this pandemic to plan for a possible second wave, or future pandemics as well as implementing some permanent changes to normal working practices.In this review, we describe the diagnosis, management and direct impact of COVID-19 in paediatric patients with IBD. We summarise the guidance and describe the implemented changes, evolving evidence and the implications of this virus on paediatric patients with IBD and working practices.

scholarly journals Food and Food Groups in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): The Design of the Groningen Anti-Inflammatory Diet (GrAID)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Marjo J. E. Campmans-Kuijpers ◽  
Gerard Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diet plays a pivotal role in the onset and course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients are keen to know what to eat to reduce symptoms and flares, but dietary guidelines are lacking. To advice patients, an overview of the current evidence on food (group) level is needed. This narrative review studies the effects of food (groups) on the onset and course of IBD and if not available the effects in healthy subjects or animal and in vitro IBD models. Based on this evidence the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) was designed and compared on food (group) level to other existing IBD diets. Although on several foods conflicting results were found, this review provides patients a good overview. Based on this evidence, the GrAID consists of lean meat, eggs, fish, plain dairy (such as milk, yoghurt, kefir and hard cheeses), fruit, vegetables, legumes, wheat, coffee, tea and honey. Red meat, other dairy products and sugar should be limited. Canned and processed foods, alcohol and sweetened beverages should be avoided. This comprehensive review focuses on anti-inflammatory properties of foods providing IBD patients with the best evidence on which foods they should eat or avoid to reduce flares. This was used to design the GrAID.

Epigenetic Modifications of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signalling Pathway and its Impact on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stamatia Papoutsopoulou ◽  
Barry J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial condition influenced by the immune system, the intestinal microbiota, environmental factors, genetic and epigenetic factors. Genetic- and environment-induced dysregulation of the Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor pathway has been linked to IBD pathogenesis. Objective: To assess the current evidence in relation to the contribution of the classical and alternative NF-κB pathways in IBD and to discuss the epigenetic mechanisms that impact on NF-κB function. Methods: A Medline search for ‘NF-kappaB/NF-κB’, in combination with terms including ‘inflammatory bowel disease/IBD’, 'intestinal inflammation', ‘Crohn's disease’, ‘ulcerative colitis’, 'colitis'; ‘epigenetics’, ‘DNA methylation’, ‘histones’, ‘microRNAs/miRNAs’ and ‘short non-coding/long non-coding RNAs’ was performed. Results: Both NF-κB pathways contribute to the chronic inflammation underlying IBD by regulating the inflammatory immune responses and homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium (classical pathway) or regulating bowel inflammation and epithelial microfold (M) cell function (alternative pathway). DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification in intestinal inflammation, including NFKB1 and RELA loci. Conversely, little is understood regarding epigenetic effects on genes encoding other NF-κB subunits, particularly those of the alternative pathway, and in the context of IBD. However, NF-κB interaction with chromatin modifiers is also seen to be an essential mechanism of regulation of downstream target genes relevant to NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Further research is clearly warranted in this area, as understanding the cell-specific regulation of the NF-κB pathways will bring researchers into a position to achieve more efficient stratification of IBD patients, and more targeted and effective choice of treatment.

scholarly journals DOP53 PTPN2 and TiO2 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S092-S092
Author(s):  
J Conde ◽  
M Schwarzfischer ◽  
E Katkeviciute ◽  
J Häfliger ◽  
A Niechcial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by a complex interaction among genetic, immunological, bacterial and environmental factors. In this scenario, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type-2 (PTPN2) has been recognised as a risk factor for the development of IBD and functional studies revealed a major role for this protein in the development of experimental colitis through the regulation of the inflammasome, among other processes. In the same way, a potential relationship between diet components and IBD was suggested. In fact, it was reported that the food additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) was able to induce inflammasome activation in vitro and increase colitis severity in vivo. These observations led us to hypothesise a putative relationship between PTPN2 and TiO2 that could explain the effects of this microparticle in the pathogenesis of bowel inflammation. Methods DSS colitis model was performed in mice lacking PTPN2 in myeloid cells and their wild-type littermates, treated or not with titanium dioxide. After that, histology studies, flow cytometry, expression analysis, ELISA and barrier function experiments were performed. Also, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used for in vitro studies. Results Titanium dioxide was able to exacerbate DSS-induced colitis, especially in mice lacking PTPN2 in myeloid cells. Flow cytometry analysis of the lamina propria revealed significant changes in different immune cell populations such as macrophages. In vitro experiments using BMDMs revealed that TiO2 induced the activation of the inflammasome. Also, this microparticle down-regulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and these effects were mainly mediated by JNK and ERK kinases. Conclusions The food additive titanium dioxide seems to play a negative role in colitis development by affecting the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. This study reveals a new mechanism by which a certain component of the diet modulates intestinal inflammation.

Sa1771 – The Global Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease from 1990 – 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-395-S-396
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Burke ◽  
M.A. Dirac ◽  
Derrick Tsoi ◽  
Danny Colombara ◽  
Katya Shackelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium Longum: Protection against Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shunyu Yao ◽  
Zixi Zhao ◽  
Weijun Wang ◽  
Xiaolu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), increases gradually worldwide in the past decades. IBD is generally associated with the change of the immune system and gut microbiota, and the conventional treatments usually result in some side effects. Bifidobacterium longum, as colonizing bacteria in the intestine, has been demonstrated to be capable of relieving colitis in mice and can be employed as an alternative or auxiliary way for treating IBD. Here, the mechanisms of the Bifidobacterium longum in the treatment of IBD were summarized based on previous cell and animal studies and clinical trials testing bacterial therapies. This review will be served as a basis for future research on IBD treatment.

scholarly journals Immunisation status of children and adolescents with a new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Ford ◽  
Margie Danchin ◽  
Alissa McMinn ◽  
Kirsten Perrett ◽  
George Alex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Special Risk

Abstract Background Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are at increased risk of serious infections, including vaccine preventable diseases. Current evidence suggests uptake of additional recommended special risk vaccinations is low. Identification of IBD patients prior to commencing immunosuppressive therapy allows for optimisation of vaccination, including timely administration of live-attenuated and additional recommended vaccines, such as influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. Methods Paediatric patients (0–18 years) seen at the tertiary Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with a recent diagnosis of IBD were referred by the Gastroenterology Unit to our Specialist Immunisation Clinic (SIC) for assessment and provision of routine and special risk vaccines. Data was collected via a standardised REDCap questionnaire completed in or post attendance at the SIC and included serology results where available. Results Sixty-nine paediatric patients were recruited to the study between 2014 and 2017. Median age at IBD diagnosis was 11.25 years (IQR 4.64 years), with median time between diagnosis and SIC review of 0.88 years (IQR 2.84 years). At initial review 84.1% (58/69) of patients were up to date with vaccines on the Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP) schedule. Of those who were tested, serological evidence of immunity was demonstrated in 38.3% (23/60) of patients for Hepatitis B, 66.7% (36/54) for measles, 51.9% (28/54) for rubella and 41.9% (26/62) for Varicella Zoster Virus. Prior to SIC review 47.8% (33/69) had additional vaccinations and 92.8% (64/69) had vaccinations administered in the 12 months following SIC assessment. The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (76.8%, 53/69) was the most commonly administered vaccine after SIC review, followed by influenza vaccine (69.6%, 48/69). Within 12 months of SIC review 43.5% (30/69) of patients had completed the schedule and were up-to-date as recommended by the SIC. Conclusions Children with IBD and other special risk groups can benefit from early referral to a SIC team to ensure optimal administration of routine and additionally recommended vaccines, especially live and additional special risk vaccines. The value of optimising immunisations could also be applied to other special risk groups, including adult IBD cohorts, particularly those commencing newer biologic immunosuppressive medications.

scholarly journals P613 Social Media Analytics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease – What Are We Missing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S557-S557
Author(s):  
L Kumar ◽  
L Kiely ◽  
A O’Riordan ◽  
P Barry
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Information Share ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Word Search

Abstract Background Increasingly, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients are using social media to disseminate information, share experiences and address queries. Gastroenterologists can play an important role in IBD care by better understanding trends in patients’ perception of their disease. This study aimed to identify trending topics and misconceptions of disease for early targeted education based off patients’ interactions and activity on social media. Methods Utilising an established social media analytics program, we extracted social media posts relating to IBD over a 30-day period between 11/05/2020 and 10/06/2020. The most common hashtags and frequently used words were retrieved from these posts, analysed and qualitatively coded. Additional analysis was performed to evaluate user mentions for specific key words identified from the ECCO consensus for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and psychotherapy. Results 22,375 social media posts were reviewed. Twitter was the most common platform with 12,977 posts (58%). Most posts originated from North America and Europe (81%). Amongst common hashtags and words, patients most frequently referenced community groups (n=8094) for example “#crohnswarrior”, followed by terms related to treatment (n=3256), and lifestyle (n=2446). Symptom-related terms were less frequently referenced (n=2031). Of mentions relating to diet and nutrition, ‘gluten free’ was mentioned most frequently (466/2911, 16.0%), followed by ‘vegan’ (374/2911, 12.8%), and ‘plant based’ (342/2911, 11.7%). There was a temporal association with these posts which was demonstrated by hashtags (n=1397) and mentions (n=485) referencing ‘World IBD Day’ which occurred on the 19th of May as well as hashtags (n=391) and mentions (n=1475) referencing the COVID 19 pandemic. Analysis of CAM mentions highlighted patients’ interest in “exercise” as a manipulative and body-based intervention (2015/2088, 96.5%), “cannabinoids” as a herbal and dietary intervention (816/2144, 38.1%) and “yoga” as a mind-body intervention (175/415, 42.2%). 3435 mentions were generated from our psychological key word search. These included terms such as fatigue (28.2%), anxiety (20.1%), depression (13.8%) and suicide (2.2%). Conclusion Our study identified areas where patients’ needs, concerns and queries may be unmet by current clinical practices. Further development of our analytical model can aid gastroenterologists in bridging this gap and providing more holistic patient care.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Dietary Supplements in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Related Autoimmune Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jadhav ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Karolin Jarr ◽  
Cosima Layton ◽  
Judith F. Ashouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

The microbiome is an important contributor to a variety of fundamental aspects of human health, including host metabolism, infection, and the immune response. Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a contributor to the errant immune response in a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriatic disease (psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis). Given this, probiotics and prebiotics have been investigated as therapeutic options in these disease states. In our review, we highlight the current evidence on prebiotics and probiotics as well as other supplements (such as fish oils, vitamin D, and curcumin) as therapies for IBD. Recommendations, however, regarding the specific use of such supplements in IBD have been lacking, particularly from professional societies, often due to study limitations related to small sample sizes and design heterogeneity. Hence, we additionally examine the literature on the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and other supplements in related IMIDs, namely RA and psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis, as these diseases share many approved therapeutic options with IBD. Based on these combined findings, we offer additional evidence that may help guide clinicians in their treatment of patients with IBD (and other IMIDs) and provide recommendations on potential next steps in therapeutic research in this area.

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