scholarly journals P271 Trends in faecal calprotectin levels during pregnancy and post-partum in healthy women

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S286-S286
Author(s):  
J Doherty ◽  
R Moore ◽  
C Kivlehan ◽  
P Twomey ◽  
F McAuliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Physiological Changes In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Faecal calprotectin (FCP) is one of the most widely used non-invasive tools for diagnosis and assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Numerous factors can influence FCP levels including weight, smoking status and medications. In clinical practise FCP is commonly used to identify flares during pregnancy. For a test that is widely used minimal data exists on the determinants of normal levels and variations in concentrations during pregnancy in healthy individuals. Our aim is to determine normal FCP levels during pregnancy and post-partum and whether levels change during pregnancy and post-partum in healthy individuals. Methods We performed a prospective study analysing FCP levels from pregnant women at 16- and 34-weeks’ gestation and 4- and 12-weeks post-partum. Basic demographics were collected including age, parity, medical history, BMI and smoking status. Patients with a history of gastrointestinal disorders were excluded. FCP concentrations were measured with a quantitative ELISA assay. Results 98 patients were included in our study. 172 stool samples were collected for analysis. Sixty-two stool samples were collected at 16 weeks gestation, 48 samples from 34 weeks gestation, 38 samples from 4weeks post-partum and 24 samples from 12 weeks post-partum. The median age was 33 years (21–44). Forty-one patients had a BMI > 25 (42%). Sixteen patients were ex-smokers (16%) and one patient was actively smoking (1%). The median FCP levels from 16 weeks gestation was 29.5 (10–476), median level from 34 weeks gestation was 25.6 (10–259), from 4 weeks post-partum was 23.4 (10–318) and 12 weeks post-partum was 29.4 (10–216) (Table 1). There was no significant change in median FCP levels over the course of pregnancy and post-partum (p = 0.294). Interestingly median FCP levels were normal at all time points however we saw a slight numerical increase in FCP levels during pregnancy in patients whose BMI was > 25 and this reached statistical significance at 4weeks post-partum (p = 0.01) (Table 1, Graph 1). There was also a significant increase in FCP at 4 weeks post-partum in patients who were ex-smokers (p = 0.004). (Table 1, Graph 1). Conclusion FCP levels are not affected by physiological changes in pregnancy or post-partum in normal healthy individuals without IBD. This confirms FCP is an effective tool for identifying flares of colitis during pregnancy. However, when using this tool, one should be aware that levels can be slightly altered by a patients’ smoking history and their weight and a detailed clinical history is essential when interpreting results.

scholarly journals Trends in Faecal Calprotectin Levels During Pregnancy in Non-IBD Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Doherty ◽  
Rebecca Moore ◽  
Clodagh Kivlehan ◽  
David F Byrne ◽  
Cara A Yelverton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Minimal Data ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Physiological Changes In Pregnancy

Abstract Background and Aims: No optimal marker exists to assess activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during pregnancy, though faecal calprotectin (FCP) is the most commonly used test. However minimal data exists on what a normal calprotectin level is during pregnancy and post-partum in healthy individuals. Objective: Our aim is to determine normal FCP levels during pregnancy and post-partum in a healthy population. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of FCP levels from pregnant women at 16- and 34-weeks’ gestation and 4- and 12-weeks post-partum. Patient demographics were collected. FCP concentrations were measured with a quantitative ELISA assay. Results: 98 patients were included in our study. 172 maternal stool samples were collected in total; 62 samples at 16-weeks’ gestation, 48 samples at 34-weeks’ gestation, 38 samples from 4-weeks post-partum and 24 samples from 12-weeks post-partum. Median age was 33.0 years. 41 patients had a BMI > 25 (41.8%). 16 patients were ex-smokers (16.3 %). The median FCP levels at 16-weeks’ gestation was 29.5 µg/g (range 10–476 µg/g), median level from 34-weeks’ gestation was 25.6 µg/g (range 10–259 µg/g), from 4-weeks post-partum was 23.4 µg/g (range 10–318 µg/g) and 12-weeks post-partum was 29.4 µg/g (range 10–216 µg/g). There was no significant change in median FCP levels over the course of pregnancy and post-partum (p = 0.294). Conclusion: Faecal calprotectin levels are not affected by physiological changes in pregnancy or post-partum in normal healthy individuals without IBD. This suggests FCP is a useful tool for identifying flares of colitis during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Differences and Changes of Semi-Quantitative and Quantitative CT Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Patients With or Without Smoking History

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingzhi Xie ◽  
Zheng Zhong ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Shangjie Wu ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Ct ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
Ct Features

Objective: To assess CT features of COVID-19 patients with different smoking status using quantitative and semi-quantitative technologies and to investigate changes of CT features in different disease states between the two groups.Methods: 30 COVID-19 patients with current smoking status (29 men, 1 woman) admitted in our database were enrolled as smoking group and 56 COVID-19 patients without smoking history (24 men, 32 women) admitted during the same period were enrolled as a control group. Twenty-seven smoking cases and 55 control cases reached recovery standard and were discharged. Initial and follow-up CT during hospitalization and follow-up CT after discharge were acquired. Thirty quantitative features, including the ratio of infection volume and visual-assessed interstitial changes score including total score, score of ground glass opacity, consolidation, septal thickening, reticulation and honeycombing sign, were analyzed.Results: Initial CT images of the smoking group showed higher scores of septal thickening [4.5 (0–5) vs. 0 (0–4), p = 0.001] and reticulation [0 (0–5.25) vs 0 (0–0), p = 0.001] as well as higher total score [7 (5–12.25) vs. 6 (5–7), p = 0.008] with statistical significance than in the control group. The score of reticulation was higher in the smoking group than in the control group when discharged [0.89 (0–0) vs. 0.09 (0–0), p = 0.02]. The score of septal thickening tended to be higher in the smoking group than the control group [4 (0–4) vs. 0 (0–4), p = 0.007] after being discharged. Quantitative CT features including infection ratio of whole lung and left lung as well as infection ratio within HU (−750, −300) and within HU (−300, 49) were higher in the control group of initial CT with statistical differences. The infection ratio of whole lung and left lung, infection ratio within HU (−750), and within HU (−750, −300) were higher in the control group with statistical differences when discharged. This trend turned adverse after discharge and the values of quantitative features were generally higher in the smoking group than in the control group without statistical differences.Conclusions: Patients with a history of smoking presented more severe interstitial manifestations and more residual lesion after being discharged. More support should be given for COVID-19 patients with a smoking history during hospitalization and after discharge.

Prevalence of tobacco smoking among school teachers in Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S577-S578
Author(s):  
A. Liozidou ◽  
M. Fragkoulakis ◽  
G. Papazisis ◽  
A. Tzortzi ◽  
P. Behrakis
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
School Level ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Significance Level

AbstractIntroductionTeachers serve as models for young people and significantly influence their health behavior.AimWe were interested in conducting the first epidemiological survey about tobacco smoking among Greek teachers.MethodsA total of 1032 teachers of the two biggest cities of Greece participated in the study. A questionnaire was created to include questions regarding tobacco smoking, history of tobacco use, nicotine dependence as well as health attitudes. Frequencies and relative frequencies were determined for all the questions. Pearson's Chi2 and Chi2 adjusted tests were used to examine the potential association of current smoking status with gender, age and school level in a statistical significance level of 0.05.ResultsPrevalence of current smokers in the sample was 25.6%. Cigarette emerged as the tobacco product of choice reported by 88,3% of the respondents, followed by e-cigarette (5.2%), cigar (2.4%), hookah (2.4%) and pipe (1.7%). The highest prevalence of current smoking was found in the age group of 40–49 years old (46.1%). Current smoking proportion was higher among female (26.0%) than male teachers (24.9%). Intention to quit smoking was reported by 18.1% of the sample.ConclusionsAs compared to other countries, teachers in Greece have a moderate percentage regarding tobacco smoking. A concerted effort must be made towards smoking cessation in this population with gender specific interventions. It is of great importance for teachers to act as public health promoters, as performers of tobacco prevention curricula and as leaders in the implementation of school tobacco control policies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis: COVID-19 Disease Severity Correlates with Smoking Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Lansiaux ◽  
Pierre-Philippe Pébaÿ ◽  
Jean-Laurent Picard ◽  
Joachim Son-Forget
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Current Smoker ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Us ◽  
O 10

The novel COVID-19 disease is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a new virus of the coronavirus family, SARS- CoV-2. Multiple studies have already reported that risk factors for severe disease include older age and the presence of at least one of several underlying health conditions. However, a recent physiopathological report and the French COVID-19 scientific council have postulated a protective effect of tobacco smoking. Thanks to a meta-analysis, we have been able to demonstrate the statistical significance in this regard of twelve series from China, France and in the US, reporting three different smoking status (current smoker,former smoker, with a smoking history) as well as disease severity (with respectively odds-ratio of 1.78 [1.08-3.10], 4.60 [3.13-7.17], 2.74 [0.63-5.89]). Subsequently and using a Bayesian approach we have established that past, and present smoking is associated with more severe COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, we refute claims linking general population smoking status (N=O(10^8) or O(10^9)) to much smaller disease course series (N=O(10^4)). The latter point in particular is presented to stimulate academic discussion, and must be further investigated by well-designed studies.

scholarly journals A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghyun Kim ◽  
Bom Kim ◽  
So Hyeon Bak ◽  
Yeon-Mok Oh ◽  
Woo Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Wall Area ◽  
Copd Patients

Abstract Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.

Does Xbox 360 Kinect training improve postural balance in young healthy adults? A preliminary study. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Grabowicz ◽  
Anna Daniluk ◽  
Anna Hadamus ◽  
Dariusz Białoszewski
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Baseline Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P Balance

BACKGROUND Balance training in young adults may increase coordination, cognitive function or the symmetry of strength on both sides of the body. It is an essential tool for injury or fall prevention and a precondition for becoming a professional athlete. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Xbox 360 Kinect training on postural balance in young, healthy individuals. METHODS The study enrolled 75 individuals who were randomly assigned to three equal groups. The first group (Group VR) performed exercises on an Xbox 360 Kinect console, and the second group (Group T) performed conventional all-round exercises. The third group was a control group (Group C). Each group underwent balance assessments on the Biodex Balance posturographic platform, including the Balance Error Scoring System test, before and after the training cycle. The level of statistical significance was set at P<.05. RESULTS Group VR and Group T achieved statistically significant improvements in the sway index compared with baseline. Group T gained significant decrease in the sway index on the unstable surface (P=.002). Group VR and group T demonstrated significant decreases in the mean sway index on stable and unstable surfaces (group VR — P=.035; group T — P=.001) Group C did not achieve a statistically significant improvement in the sway index. None of the groups demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the test error count. CONCLUSIONS Virtual reality in the form of video games played on an Xbox 360 Kinect console may be an effective method of balance training in healthy individuals.

Correlation of Reduced Endurance Capacity of Neck Flexor and Extensor in Cigarette Smokers of College Going Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Manasi Rajesh Zele ◽  
Sneha Katke ◽  
Manal Anthikat
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
College Going ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
College Of Nursing

Background: Muscle endurance is the ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against a load (resistance), generated and sustain tension and resist fatigue over an extended period of time. Smoking causes variety of health diseases and it also affects skeletal muscle dysfunction as well. Cigarette smoke constituents and systemic inflammatory mediators enhance proteolysis and inhibit protein synthesis, leading to loss of muscle mass. Objectives: To find out the correlation between the neck flexor endurance capacity and neck extensor endurance capacity with 1-5 years of smoking history. Methods: Data collection was done from college of physiotherapy and college of nursing using convenient sampling. 60 Male subjects were included in study between the age group of 20-30 years with 1-5 years of smoking history. The score of neck flexor endurance capacity and neck extensor endurance capacity using neck flexor endurance test and neck extensor endurance test, and the data were analyzed. Result: The result of study showed a statistical significance in the neck flexor and extensor endurance capacity (p=<0.001) (r=-0.59 for NFEC, -0.54 for NEEC) using neck flexor endurance capacity test and neck extensor endurance capacity test in subjects with 1-5 years of smoking history. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is reduced endurance capacity of neck flexor and neck extensor muscles in smokers with 1-5 years of smoking history. Key words: Cigarette smoking, muscle strength, neck flexor and extensor endurance test, 1-5 years smoking history.

scholarly journals Study of etiological factors in unilateral maxillary chronic sinusitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
D. Chandrika ◽  
Anantharaju G. S.
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Dental Infection ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis is an extremely prevalent disorder which has significant effect on quality of life of affected individual. Varied symptomatology and varied etiology of unilateral chronic maxillary rhinosinusitis requires a comprehensive approach by otorhinolaryngologist. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the causative factor of unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis and to study clinical presentation of unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis were evaluated. All were subjected to detailed clinical history, ENT examination including complete orodental examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, intra oral peri apical radiographs, CT scan of para nasal sinuses<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of total of 50 patients studied, gross deviated nasal septum (DNS) is commonest cause of chronic unilateral maxillary sinusitis followed by dental infection of upper premolars<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study was carried out with an effort to find out etiology of unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis as identification of etiology will help in successful outcome of the treatment<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals CLINICAL STUDY OF PAIN IN RIGHT ILIAC FOSSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Kothari ◽  
Manjula Kothari ◽  
Shree Mohan Joshi ◽  
Kalp Shandilya
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pain Abdomen ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Right Iliac Fossa Pain ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right ◽  
Appendicular Mass

Background: A mass in the right iliac fossa is a common diagnostic problem encountered in clinical practice, requiring skill in diagnosis. Methods: 100 patients with signs and symptoms of right iliac fossa mass admitted in Hospital were identified and were studied by taking detailed clinical history, physical examination and were subjected to various investigations like x ray erect abdomen, chest x-ray, contrast x-ray . Result: In this study of out of 100 cases, 65.00% of cases were related to appendicular pathology either in the form of appendicular mass or appendicular abscess. There were 12.00% cases of ileocaecal tuberculosis. Conclusion: Appendicular lump remains the most common cause for right iliac fossa pain. Ileocaecal tuberculosis is one of the most important differential diagnoses for pain abdomen. Keywords: Appendicular Mass, Ileocaecal Tuberculosis, Carcinoma Caecum, Right Iliac Fossa Mass.

scholarly journals Obesity and smoking as risk factors for invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19: A retrospective, observational cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0238552
Author(s):  
Ana C. Monteiro ◽  
Rajat Suri ◽  
Iheanacho O. Emeruwa ◽  
Robert J. Stretch ◽  
Roxana Y. Cortes-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

Purpose To describe the trajectory of respiratory failure in COVID-19 and explore factors associated with risk of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Materials and methods A retrospective, observational cohort study of 112 inpatient adults diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 12 and April 16, 2020. Data were manually extracted from electronic medical records. Multivariable and Univariable regression were used to evaluate association between baseline characteristics, initial serum markers and the outcome of IMV. Results Our cohort had median age of 61 (IQR 45–74) and was 66% male. In-hospital mortality was 6% (7/112). ICU mortality was 12.8% (6/47), and 18% (5/28) for those requiring IMV. Obesity (OR 5.82, CI 1.74–19.48), former (OR 8.06, CI 1.51–43.06) and current smoking status (OR 10.33, CI 1.43–74.67) were associated with IMV after adjusting for age, sex, and high prevalence comorbidities by multivariable analysis. Initial absolute lymphocyte count (OR 0.33, CI 0.11–0.96), procalcitonin (OR 1.27, CI 1.02–1.57), IL-6 (OR 1.17, CI 1.03–1.33), ferritin (OR 1.05, CI 1.005–1.11), LDH (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13–2.17) and CRP (OR 1.13, CI 1.06–1.21), were associated with IMV by univariate analysis. Conclusions Obesity, smoking history, and elevated inflammatory markers were associated with increased need for IMV in patients with COVID-19.

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