Influence of Refuge Habitats and Cover Crops on Seasonal Activity-Density of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Field Crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora M. Carmona ◽  
Douglas A. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Activity Density

scholarly journals Activity density, diversity and seasonal dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Bt- (MON810) and in isogenic maize stands

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Szekeres ◽  
Ferenc Kádár ◽  
József Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Number Of Individuals

To compare carabid assemblages from transgenic Bt- and isogenic maize in Hungary, we used pitfall traps in an experiment (30x30 m plots, arranged alternately in 6 replications), during the growing season of maize during 2001—2003. We captured altogether 44,103 individuals of 58 species. The most common species in our sampling were Calatlzus ambiguus, Doliclzus halensis, Harpalus distinguendus, H rufipes, Poecilus sericeus and Treclius quadristriatus. The same species dominated both in the Bt- and in the isogenic maize plots. Under our test conditions (plot size and 3 years of sampling), no significant differences were found either in the structural characteristics (number of individuals, number of species and diversity), activity density or seasonal activity patterns ofthe dominant species.

scholarly journals Effects of Temporal Crop β Diversification of a Cereal-Based Cropping System on Generalist Predators and Their Biocontrol Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Antonio Puliga ◽  
Jan Thiele ◽  
Hauke Ahnemann ◽  
Jens Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Natural Pest Control ◽  
Predation Rates

In agroecosystems, crop diversification plays a fundamental role in maintaining and regenerating biodiversity and ecosystem services, such as natural pest control. Temporal diversification of cropping systems can affect the presence and activity of natural enemies by providing alternative hosts and prey, food, and refuges for overwintering. However, we still lack studies on the effects of temporal diversification on generalist predators and their biocontrol potential conducted at field scale in commercial agricultural settings. Here, we measured proxies of ecosystem functions related with biological pest control in 29 commercial agricultural fields characterized by cereal-based cropping system in Lower-Saxony, northern Germany. The fields differed in the number of crops and cover crops cultivated during the previous 12 years. Using the Rapid Ecosystem Function Assessment approach, we measured invertebrate predation, seed predation and activity density of generalist predators. We aimed at testing whether the differences in the crop rotations from the previous years would affect activity of predators and their predation rates in the current growing season. We found that the length of the crop rotation had neutral effects on the proxies measured. Furthermore, predation rates were generally lower if the rotation comprised a higher number of cover crops compared to rotation with less cover crops. The activity density of respective taxa of predatory arthropods responded differently to the number of cover crops in the crop rotation. Our results suggest that temporal crop diversity may not benefit the activity and efficiency of generalist predators when diversification strategies involve crops of very similar functional traits. Adding different resources and traits to the agroecosystems through a wider range of cultivated crops and the integration of semi-natural habitats are aspects that need to be considered when developing more diverse cropping systems aiming to provide a more efficient natural pest control.

scholarly journals Long-term data reveal unimodal responses of ground beetle abundance to precipitation and land use but no changes in taxonomic and functional diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Zajicek ◽  
Ellen A. R. Welti ◽  
Nathan J. Baker ◽  
Kathrin Januschke ◽  
Oliver Brauner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Community Change ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Activity Density

AbstractWhile much of global biodiversity is undoubtedly under threat, the responses of ecological communities to changing climate, land use intensification, and long-term changes in both taxonomic and functional diversity over time, has still not been fully explored for many taxonomic groups, especially invertebrates. We compiled time series of ground beetles covering the past two decades from 40 sites located in five regions across Germany. We calculated site-based trends for 21 community metrics representing taxonomic and functional diversity of ground beetles, activity density (a proxy for abundance), and activity densities of functional groups. We assessed both overall and regional temporal trends and the influence of the global change drivers of temperature, precipitation, and land use on ground beetle communities. While we did not detect overall temporal changes in ground beetle taxonomic and functional diversity, taxonomic turnover changed within two regions, illustrating that community change at the local scale does not always correspond to patterns at broader spatial scales. Additionally, ground beetle activity density had a unimodal response to both annual precipitation and land use. Limited temporal change in ground beetle communities may indicate a shifting baseline, where community degradation was reached prior to the start of our observation in 1999. In addition, nonlinear responses of animal communities to environmental change present a challenge when quantifying temporal trends.

scholarly journals Cover crop and tillage intensities alter ground-dwelling arthropod communities during the transition to organic production

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Jabbour ◽  
Tara Pisani-Gareau ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Christina Mullen ◽  
Mary Barbercheck
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Arthropod Communities ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Activity Density ◽  
Soil Arthropod

AbstractWe conducted a cropping systems experiment in central Pennsylvania, USA, to determine the effects of initial cover crop species and soil management on the abundance and composition of the ground-dwelling arthropod community. We hypothesized that we would detect legacy effects of the cover crops planted in year 1 of a 3-yr crop sequence on the arthropod community in the subsequent 2 yrs, and that these effects would be influenced by the intensity of tillage. We compared four systems in a factorial combination of perennial sod and legumes or annual cereal grain and legume as initial cover crops and moldboard or chisel plow tillage implemented in soybeans followed by maize in the subsequent 2 yrs. The entire experiment was initiated twice in adjacent locations, starting in 2003 (Start 1) and 2004 (Start 2). We quantified soil arthropod activity-density and community composition and identified all arthropods to order or family, and the ground and tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) to species. In Start 1, but not Start 2, arthropod activity-density increased with each year following implementation of organic management. We observed few legacy effects of cover crop or tillage intensity on arthropod activity-density. The composition of the soil arthropod community was primarily defined by the initial cover crop in the first year, and by the interaction between cover crop and tillage intensity in the second and third year. A legacy effect associated with a yr-1 cover crop of cereal rye was observed for Scarabaeidae beetles and Formicidae (ants) in yr 2 and Carabidae beetles in yr 3 of Start 1, but not Start 2. Weed indicators contributed significantly to the variation in the soil arthropod community that was explained by the environment in yr 2 in Start 1, and in yr 3 in both Starts. Our observations support the concept that both immediate and legacy effects of management shape arthropod communities during the organic transition period, suggesting that transitioning systems could be managed in ways that conserve or enhance natural enemy populations.

scholarly journals The effects of pesticides on Carabidae (Insecta Coleoptera) predators of slugs (Mollusca Gastropoda) literature review

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
R.F. Van_Toor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Predation of slugs by Carabidae may contribute significantly to slug control in an integrated approach in pasture and arable crops Carabidae are susceptible to many insecticides used in field crops and to the molluscicide methiocarb but populations tend to recover within 1 month through migration from adjacent areas However in the longterm repeated insecticide and molluscicide treatments may affect carabid numbers and diversity in agricultural habitats The effect of pesticides on carabid populations can be reduced in soils rich in organic matter and recovery enhanced by establishment of beetle refugia in conservation headlands and winter cover crops and by avoiding deep and frequent soil cultivation

scholarly journals Influence of Cover Crop Termination on Ground Dwelling Arthropods in Organic Vegetable Systems

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Laura Depalo ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Serena Magagnoli ◽  
Daniele Sommaggio ◽  
Francesco Montemurro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Second Year

A key aspect in cover crop management is termination before the cash crop is planted. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of termination methods on ground-dwelling arthropods. The conventional mechanical termination method—i.e., green manuring by means of a disc harrow—was compared to flattening using a roller crimper. Two different crop systems were investigated for two growing seasons; cauliflower was grown in autumn after the termination of a mixture of cowpea, pearl millet, and radish, and tomato was cropped in spring and summer after the termination of a mixture of barley and vetch. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and spiders (Araneae) were sampled by means of standard pitfall traps throughout the growing season of both cash crops. The roller crimper increased the overall abundance of ground beetles in the first growing season of both cash crops, whereas in the second year, no significant effect could be detected. Rove beetles were more abundant in plots where the cover crops were terminated by the roller crimper. Finally, green manuring increased the abundance of spiders, especially on the first sampling date after cover crop termination. Albeit different taxa showed different responses, the termination of cover crops by a roller crimper generally increased the abundance of ground dwelling arthropods. Given that most of the sampled species were generalist predators, their increased abundance could possibly improve biological control.

scholarly journals Supporting Beneficial Insects for Agricultural Sustainability: The Role of Livestock-Integrated Organic and Cover Cropping to Enhance Ground Beetle (Carabidae) Communities

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210
Author(s):  
Subodh Adhikari ◽  
Fabian D. Menalled
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cover Cropping ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Organically Managed

Ground beetles (Carabidae) are beneficial insects providing ecosystem services by regulating insect pests and weed seeds. Despite several studies conducted on ground beetles worldwide, there is a lack of knowledge on how these insects are affected by differently managed organic systems (e.g., tillage-based versus grazed-based) compared to that of chemical-based no-tillage conventional cropping systems. In a 5-year (2013–2017) study, we assessed the ground beetle communities in cover crops and winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.) in Montana, USA, with three contrasting cropping systems: a chemically managed no-tillage, a tillage-based organic, and a livestock-integrated organic with reduced tillage. The first three years (i.e., 2013–2015) corresponded to the transition to organic period, while the last two (i.e., 2016–2017) were conducted in United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic-certified tillage-based and livestock-integrated organic systems. The experiment was designed with three management systems across three blocks as the whole plot variable and 5-year rotation of crop phases as the subplot variable. Using pitfall traps, we sampled ground beetles across all cover crop and winter wheat subplots for five years (n = 450). The data were analyzed using mixed effects models and PERMANOVA and visualized with non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination. Our study indicated that organically managed farms, whether tilled or grazed, enhance activity density, species richness, diversity, and evenness of ground beetles in the dryland row crop productions. Also, irrespective of farming system, cover crops supported higher species richness, diversity, and evenness of ground beetles than winter wheat. The ground beetle communities were mostly similar during the transition to organic period. However, during the established organic phase, cropping systems acted as contrasting ecological filters and beetle communities became dissimilar. Cover cropping affected ground beetle communities positively not only in organically managed systems but also in chemical-based conventional systems. Our study provides evidence supporting the adoption of ecologically-based cropping systems such as crop-livestock integration, organic farming, and cover cropping to enhance beneficial insects and their pest-regulation services.

scholarly journals Diversity and Seasonal Activity of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Two Vineyards of Southern Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Goulet ◽  
Laurent Lesage ◽  
Noubar J. Bostanian ◽  
Charles Vincent ◽  
Jacques Lasnier
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Seasonal Activity
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