Species Diversity and Assemblages of Cerambycidae in the Aftermath of the Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buptrestidae) Invasion in Riparian Forests of Southern Michigan

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J Engelken ◽  
Deborah G McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Forest Sites

Abstract Extensive ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality has been reported across much of the area in eastern North America invaded by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), but indirect effects of emerald ash borer invasion on native forest insects are not well-studied. We assessed cerambycid beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species captured in baited cross-vane panel traps during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Traps were placed in 12 riparian forest sites distributed across three watersheds selected to represent the temporal gradient of the emerald ash borer invasion from southeastern to southwestern Michigan. Although ash species originally dominated overstory vegetation in all sites, >85% of ash basal area has been killed by emerald ash borer. We captured a total of 3,645 beetles representing 65 species and five subfamilies. Species assemblages in southeast sites, with the longest history of emerald ash borer invasion, differed from those in south central and southwest Michigan, which were similar. These differences were largely due to three species, which accounted for >60% of beetle captures in southeast Michigan. Associations among site-related variables and beetle captures indicated cerambycid species assemblages were associated most strongly with abundance and decay stage of coarse woody debris. During both years, >90% of cerambycid species were captured by mid-summer but seasonal activity differed among and within tribes. Numbers of beetles captured by canopy and ground traps were similar but species richness was higher in canopy traps than ground traps. Results suggest inputs of emerald ash borer-killed ash can have temporally lagged, secondary effects on cerambycid communities.

Riparian forest conditions along three northern Michigan rivers following Emerald Ash Borer invasion

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-810
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Engelken ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Fraxinus Nigra ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Three Rivers

Emerald Ash Borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)) has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees since its 2002 detection in southern Michigan and Ontario. Effects of EAB in riparian forests, where ash species are often abundant, could influence terrestrial and aquatic conditions but are largely unknown. We surveyed vegetation and coarse woody material within and between three gaps in riparian forests along stretches of three rivers in northwestern Michigan. Gaps were originally dominated by Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and Fraxinus nigra Marsh., which comprised 46%–71% of total basal area, while ash comprised <10% of basal area in forests between gaps. More than 95% of overstory ash were killed by EAB. Fraxinus pennsylvanica saplings were abundant in gaps but F. nigra regeneration was minimal. Few tree seedlings occurred in gaps, which were dominated by dense sedge mats. Aerial imagery showed the EAB invasion has resulted in 3.6–7.1 canopy gaps·km−1 and dead ash account for 13%–21% of total basal area within 100 m of the banks of all three rivers. Long-term monitoring will be useful to evaluate persistence of ash, particularly F. nigra, the stability of riparian buffers, and potential indirect effects of EAB invasion on the adjacent aquatic systems.

Competition affects shoot morphology, growth duration, and relative growth rates of Douglas-fir saplings

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Harrington ◽  
John C. Tappeiner II
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Saplings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) were grown with and without competition from tanoak (Lithocarpusdensiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd.) at two forest sites in southwestern Oregon. Competition reduced the following morphological parameters on Douglas-fir shoots: number and size of buds; lengths of shoots, internodes, and needles; number of internodes; and biomass of foliage and wood. Differences in the length and biomass of Douglas-fir shoots were attributed to combined reductions in internode number and internode length (distance between needles), with internode number accounting for most (72–87%) of the variation. The effects of competition from previous years on Douglas-fir growth, as manifested in 1986 bud size or stem circumference, explained 65 and 92% of the variation in 1987 growth of shoots and stem basal area, respectively. The current-year (1987) effects of competition explained an additional 6 and 3%. During the 1986 and 1987 growing seasons, competition limited both the rates and duration of growth of Douglas-fir basal area; for height, only the rates of growth were reduced.

scholarly journals Acumulación De Restos Lignino-Celulósicos (Necromasa) En Un Bosque Templado De Antiguo Crecimiento Dominado Por Nothofagus En El Centro- Sur De Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Carlos Belezaca Pinargote ◽  
Darwin Salvatierra Piloso ◽  
Diana Delgado Campusano ◽  
Roberto Godoy Bórquez ◽  
Eduardo Valenzuela Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
National Park ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Decomposition Level ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Forest Density ◽  
South Central

Coarse woody debris (CWD) are the necromass in wooded environments and comply with various ecosystems functions, such as seedling nursery, habitat other organisms, store carbon (C) and nutrients, etc.. Volume, necromass, and decay states of CWD dead in an old-growth temperate (OGTF) forest in Puyehue National Park, South-Central Chile were evaluated. In 10 plots of 900 m2 CWD was quantified (≥ 10 cm diameter), whose necromass classified using a scale of five categories/stages of decay, necromass (1 = lowest and 5 = highest degradation). The average forest density was 299 trees ha-1, 112 m2 ha-1 of basal area, and 2.395 m3 of stem volume. The upper arboreal stratum was dominated by N. betuloides. The greatest amount of CWD belonged to N. betuloides (95,2%), where logs (52,7%) and branches (35%), plant structures were present in greater numbers. The bulk of necromass found in advanced states of decomposition (level 4 and 5) with 56,5% and 34,1%, respectively. It was determined that the CWD volume was 632 m3 ha-1, representing a necromass of 321.5 Mg ha- 1. These results demonstrate that the old-growth temperate forests of southern Chile are significant reserves of coarse woody debris, which contributes to the biogeochemistry of these complex and remote ecosystems.

scholarly journals Prescribed Burning Frequency Affects Post Oak and Blackjack Oak Regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan D. DeSantis ◽  
Stephen W. Hallgren
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
South Central ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Quercus Marilandica ◽  
Quercus Stellata

Abstract We studied post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.) and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica Münchh.) regeneration in xeric upland oak forests burned from 0 to 5.3 times per decade for 19 years. Post oak and blackjack oak represented 76 and 11% of the site basal area. All reproduction was by sprouting; there were no true seedlings. Compared with post oak, blackjack oak had a substantially higher density of clumps and sprouts relative to its basal area, suggesting that basal area was not a good indicator of sprout production capacity across species. The number of sprouts per clump declined with time since last fire for both species, indicating that fire stimulated sprouting. Three growing seasons after fire, sprouts per clump was highest with the lowest fire frequency and declined with increasing fire. The decline was greatest for blackjack oak. This may have been due to reduced vigor of the root systems producing sprouts with increasing fire frequency. Results suggested that post oak and blackjack oak sprouting, growth rates, and response to fire are similar, but blackjack oak sprout mortality may be higher than that of post oak. This information is important for the maintenance of post oak-blackjack oak-dominated forests of the south-central United States.

Stream channel configuration, landform, and riparian forest structure in the Cascade Mountains, Washington

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron W Rot ◽  
Robert J Naiman ◽  
Robert E Bilby
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Channel Configuration ◽  
Riparian Plant ◽  
Channel Type

The hierarchical relationship of five key elements, valley constraint, riparian landform, riparian plant community, channel type, and channel configuration, are described for 21 sites in mature to old-growth riparian forests of the western Cascades Mountains, Washington, U.S.A. Channel type (bedrock, plane-bed, and forced pool-riffle) was closely related to channel configuration (especially large woody debris (LWD) volume, density, and LWD-formed pools) at the smallest spatial scale and valley constraint at the largest. Valley constraint significantly influenced off-channel habitat (r2 = 0.71) and LWD volume within forced pool-riffle channels (r2 = 0.58). Riparian plant community composition was differentiated by four landform classes: three alluvial landforms based on height above the channel and one based on hillslope. Just above the active channel, floodplain landforms contained more deciduous stems than conifer and greater conifer basal area than deciduous. Conifers dominated other landforms. The diameter of in-channel LWD increased with the age of the riparian forest (r2 = 0.34). In old-growth forests, LWD diameter was equivalent to or greater than the average riparian tree diameter for all sites. In younger forests, the mixed relationship between LWD and riparian tree diameter may reflect a combination of LWD input from the previous old-growth stand and LWD input from the existing stand.

Vegetation responses to simulated emerald ash borer infestation inFraxinus nigradominated wetlands of Upper Michigan, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Davis ◽  
Joseph P. Shannon ◽  
Nicholas W. Bolton ◽  
Randall K. Kolka ◽  
Thomas G. Pypker
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sapling Growth ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Herbaceous Community

The invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)) is a significant threat to biodiversity and ecosystem processes in North American forests. Of particular concern is the fate of Fraxinus nigra (black ash), which is frequently a dominant canopy species across much of its range. To investigate the potential vegetation response to the loss of this foundation species, EAB-induced mortality was simulated in F. nigra dominated wetlands of Upper Michigan, USA. No growth response of residual overstory species occurred over the course of three growing seasons, which may in part be attributed to negative effects of post-treatment growing conditions, including prolonged inundation. A significant increase in non-Fraxinus sapling growth rate was observed, however. Mortality of F. nigra did not impact overall stem recruitment or regeneration, although species composition is shifting towards Acer rubrum (red maple) and Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) in the seedling layer. The herbaceous community exhibited the greatest response, nearly doubling in areal cover by the end of the study. Importantly, this expanded cover was not associated with decreased establishment of new woody seedlings, suggesting that increased competition between these functional groups has not yet impacted the potential for future recovery of woody vegetation in these forests.

scholarly journals Downed Coarse Woody Debris Dynamics in Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Stands Invaded by Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Perry ◽  
Daniel Herms ◽  
Wendy Klooster ◽  
Annemarie Smith ◽  
Diane Hartzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis

Community composition and structure had no effect on forest susceptibility to invasion by the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Smith ◽  
Daniel A. Herms ◽  
Robert P. Long ◽  
Kamal J.K. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
And Function

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a non-native, wood-boring beetle that has caused widespread mortality of ash (Fraxinus Linnaeus (Oleaceae)) in eastern North America. During 2004–2007, we determined whether forest community composition and structure of black (F. nigra Marshall), green (F. pennsylvanica Marshall), and white (F. americana Linnaeus) ash stands influenced their susceptibility to EAB invasion in southeast Michigan, United States of America. There was no relationship between EAB-induced ash decline or percentage mortality and any measure of community composition (tree species diversity, stand/ash density, total basal area, or relative dominance of ash). There was also no relationship between measures of EAB impact (density of EAB signs, ash decline rating, percentage ash mortality, or percentage infested ash) and forest attributes (ash/total stand density, basal area, ash importance, or stand diversity). Decline and mortality of black ash advanced more rapidly than that of white and green ash. Percentage mortality of ash increased from 51% to 93% during 2004–2007. Distance from the epicentre of the invasion was negatively correlated with ash mortality, but this relationship dissipated over time. Stand composition data suggests that ash will be replaced by Quercus Linnaeus (Fagaceae), Acer Linnaeus (Sapindaceae), and Tilia Linnaeus (Malvaceae); such vegetation changes will irreversibly alter the structure and function of these forests.

scholarly journals A Phenology Model for Simulating Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Seasonal Voltinism and Synchrony With Emerald Ash Borer Oviposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby R Petrice ◽  
Leah S Bauer ◽  
Deborah L Miller ◽  
Therese M Poland ◽  
F William Ravlin
Keyword(s):  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Day Length ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Model Realism ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phenology Model

Abstract In North America, the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), continues to spread, and its egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), is being released for emerald ash borer biocontrol well beyond their endemic climatic ranges in China. We developed a multiple cohort rate summation model to simulate O. agrili F0, F1, and F2 generations, and emerald ash borer oviposition for examining host–parasitoid synchrony across a north–south gradient from Duluth, MN (latitude 46.8369, longitude −92.1833) to Shreveport, LA (latitude 32.4469, longitude −93.8242). Temporal occurrences of critical day length for O. agrili diapause induction were integrated into the model. We used O. agrili and emerald ash borer trapping data from south central and northwestern Lower Michigan for model validation. Simulations demonstrated that 1) F0 adult emergence consistently occurred 2–5 d before emerald ash borer oviposition began; 2) F1 adult emergence was most synchronized with peak emerald ash borer oviposition compared with other generations; and 3) emerald ash borer oviposition was complete, or near so, when F2 adult emergence was predicted across the north–south gradient. Comparison of O. agrili trap captures with model simulations demonstrated that primarily two adult O. agrili generations (F0 and F1) emerged per year in Michigan and almost all F2 larvae entered diapause despite day lengths longer than critical day length in south central Michigan. Critical day length varied temporally across the north–south gradient during emergence of O. agrili generations. Determining day lengths perceived by O. agrili larvae in the field should improve model realism for examining spatiotemporal variation in O. agrili population dynamics.

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