Body composition, lipid profile and mediterranean diet adherence in cardiovascular disease patients attending a long-term exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program during COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a major public health issue and remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is a clear association between adiposity, blood lipid profile, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) with the risk of CVD. However, the assessment of body composition parameters, dietary patterns and nutritional intervention in CVD patients undergoing a cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) program remains insufficient. Purpose to characterize body composition, lipid profile and MD adherence in patients with CVD who were attending an exercise-based CR program during COVID-19 era. Methods The study was developed between October 2020 and January 2021 in a phase III centre-based CR program. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry Hologic Explorer-W. Adherence to the MD was assessed by the 14-item MD questionnaire. Fasting blood sample was taken for measurement of lipid profile. Results A sample of 41 patients (mean age 64.4 ± 7.9 years, 87.8% male) was evaluated. The most prevalent CVD were coronary artery disease (89.5%) and heart failure (21.1%). The main CVD risk factors at admission in the CR program were dyslipidaemia (71.1%), hypertension (68.4%), physical inactivity (26.3%) and diabetes mellitus (21.0%). In our sample the mean body mass index was 28 ± 3.8 kg/m2, being most patients overweight (75.6%), and having a substantially increased risk of metabolic complications (85.3%) accordingly to waist-hip ratio. Body composition assessment showed that 14.6% of the patients had a body fat mass index above 90th percentile. Although only 9.8% of the patients had reduced fat free mass, 17.1% showed appendicular lean mass below the reference value. In addition, less than one third of the patients (31.7%) revealed a high adherence to the MD pattern. A sub-analysis on blood lipids (n = 26) showed that most patients had levels of LDL cholesterol (76.9%) and non-HDL cholesterol (65.4%) above the therapeutic target and 15.4% had triglycerides higher than 150 mg/dl. Conclusion Body composition, lipid profile and dietary patterns, play a major role in CVD secondary prevention. Our findings showed that a substantial number of CVD patients, in COVID-19 era, did not have optimal body composition, were above lipid profile targets, and had a low/medium adherence to the MD. Thus, this study highlights the relevance of nutrition on cardiometabolic status and demonstrates the crucial role of nutritional intervention as an integrated part of a long-term phase III CR program. Moreover, further research about nutritional intervention in patients undergoing CR is warranted.

Download Full-text

The 3-Year Effect of the Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Inflammatory Biomarkers Related to Cardiovascular Disease

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9080862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 862

Author(s):

Mireia Urpi-Sarda ◽

Rosa Casas ◽

Emilio Sacanella ◽

Dolores Corella ◽

Cristina Andrés-Lacueva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Year Effect ◽

Tnf Α ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The intervention with the Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has evidenced short-term anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known about its long-term anti-inflammatory properties at molecular level. This study aims to investigate the 3-year effect of MD interventions compared to low-fat diet (LFD) on changes on inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis in a free-living population with a high-risk of cardiovascular disease (CD). Participants (n = 285) in the PREDIMED trial were randomly assigned into three intervention groups: MD with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or MD-Nuts, and a LFD. Fourteen plasma inflammatory biomarkers were determined by Luminex assays. An additional pilot study of gene expression (GE) was determined by RT-PCR in 35 participants. After 3 years, both MDs showed a significant reduction in the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ, hs-CRP, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, and ENA78 (p < 0.05; all). The decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α after MD significantly differed from those in the LFD (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed at the gene level after MD interventions, however, the GE of CXCR2 and CXCR3 tended to increase in the control LFD group (p = 0.09). This study supports the implementation of MD as a healthy long-term dietary pattern in the prevention of CD in populations at high cardiovascular risk.

Download Full-text

Potential Effects of a Modified Mediterranean Diet on Body Composition in Lipoedema

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 358

Author(s):

Laura Di Renzo ◽

Giulia Cinelli ◽

Lorenzo Romano ◽

Samanta Zomparelli ◽

Gemma Lou De Santis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Control Group ◽

Quality Of Life Scale ◽

Life Scale ◽

Daily Physical Activities ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose

Lipoedema is a subcutaneous adipose tissue disease characterized by the increase in the amount and structure of fat mass (FM) in specific areas, causing pain and discomfort. 95% of patients fail to lose weight in the lipoedema areas. The study was conducted to evaluate body composition and general health status modification in a group of lipoedema patients (LIPPY) and a control group (CTRL) after four weeks of a modified Mediterranean diet therapy (mMeD). A total of 29 subjects were included in the data analysis, divided in two groups: 14 LIPPY and 15 CTRL. After the mMeD, both groups significantly decreased their weight and body mass index; the CTRL also showed a reduction of all the circumferences and all FM’s compartments. LIPPY showed a decrease of FM in upper and lower limbs. No significant differences in Δ% between the groups were observed for the lean mass (LM). In LIPPY, an increase in the patients’ ability to perform various daily physical activities related to the loss of arms’ and legs’ fat was observed. According to the European Quality of Life scale, the possibility for LIPPY subjects to perform simple daily activities with less fatigue, pain and anxiety is highlighted. Further long-term studies are recommended to confirm the mMeD as a good strategy for Lipoedema treatment.

Download Full-text

Long-term body composition improvement in post-menopausal women following bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional and case-control study

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-21-0895 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Santini ◽

Nathalie Vionnet ◽

Jérôme Pasquier ◽

Michel Suter ◽

Didier Hans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Case Control ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Post Menopausal

Objective: Bariatric surgery (BS) induces loss of body fat mass (FM) with an inexorable loss of lean mass (LM). Menopause leads to deleterious changes in body composition (BC) related to estrogen deficiency including LM loss and increase in total and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aims to describe long-term weight evolution of post-menopausal women after RYGB (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) and to compare BC between BS patients versus post-menopausal non-operated women. Design: Cross-sectional study of 60 post-menopausal women who underwent RYGB ≥ two years prior to the study with nested case-control design. Methods: Post-menopausal BS women were matched for age and BMI with controls. Both groups had DXA scan, lipids and glucose metabolism markers assessment. Results: Median follow-up was 7.5(2–18) years. Percentage of total weight loss (TWL%) was 28.5±10%. After RYGB, LM percentage of body weight (LM%) was positively associated with TWL% and negatively associated with nadir weight. Forty-one post-BS women were matched with age- and BMI-controls. Post-BS patients showed higher LM% (57.7%[±8%] versus 52.5%[±5%], p=0.001), reduced FM% (39.4%[±8.4%] versus 45.9%[±5.4%] p<0.01) and lower VAT (750.6g[±496] versus 1295.3g[±688], p<0.01) with no difference in absolute LM compared to controls. While post-BS women showed a better lipid profile compared to controls, no difference was found in glucose markers. Conclusions: Post-menopausal women after RYGB have a lower FM and VAT, preserved LM and a better lipid profile compared to controls. Weight loss after RYGB seems to have a persistent positive impact on metabolic health.

Download Full-text

Comparing Body Composition Assessment Tests in Long-term Hemodialysis Patients

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 885-896 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Rachelle Bross ◽

Gangadarshni Chandramohan ◽

Csaba P. Kovesdy ◽

Antigone Oreopoulos ◽

Nazanin Noori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Body Composition Assessment ◽

Assessment Tests

Download Full-text

Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet, and cardiovascular disease

Current Opinion in Lipidology ◽

10.1097/mol.0000000000000044 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez ◽

Maira Bes-Rastrollo

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns

Download Full-text

Long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in elderly individuals, without known cardiovascular disease: The Ikaria study

Maturitas ◽

10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.06.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 58-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Christina Chrysohoou ◽

John Skoumas ◽

Christos Pitsavos ◽

Constadina Masoura ◽

Gerassimos Siasos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

The Mediterranean

Download Full-text

Benefits of Adding an Aquatic Resistance Interval Training to a Nutritional Education on Body Composition, Body Image Perception and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Older Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082712 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2712

Author(s):

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Bernardo J. Cuestas-Calero ◽

María Martínez-Olcina ◽

Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Body Composition ◽

Older Women ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Interval Training ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Image Perception ◽

Body Image Perception

The human population is increasing due to lengthening life expectancy, but the quality of life and health of people is moving in the opposite direction. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how aquatic resistance interval training can influence body composition, body image perception and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in older women participants in a nutrition education program and to study the relation between these variables. Thirty-four participants aged 69 ± 4 years were randomly assigned into two groups: experimental (aquatic resistance interval training plus nutritional intervention) and control (nutritional intervention). The intervention consisted of resistance training in an aquatic environment carried out for 14 weeks (three sessions per week; 60 min each). Body composition, body image perception and adherence to MD diet were evaluated at baseline and 14 weeks. No significant differences were found between groups regarding body image perception and adherence to the MD. There was a significant increase in muscle mass (kg) (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001) in the intervention group when compared to the control group. The addition of aquatic resistance interval training to a nutritional intervention was not sufficient to change body image perception and adherence to MD but produced improvement in body composition (through an increase in muscle mass and decrease on fat mass) in older women.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Terapi Gizi Klinik Intensif Terhadap Penurunan Berat Badan, Komposisi Tubuh, dan Profil Lipid pada Remaja Overweight dan Obesitas

JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.22437/jmj.v7i1.7126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 88-95

Author(s):

Rita Halim ◽

Raihanah Suzan ◽

Maria Estela Karolina

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Age Groups ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Case Control ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

ABSTRACT Background: Current nutritional status issues are no longer focused on malnutrition, but also on excess nutrition that can occur in all age groups, especially vulnerable to occur at a young age. Objective: to assess the effect of intensive clinical nutrition therapy on weight loss, body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese adolescents. Method: This study was a case control study and was carried out during the months of August - September 2018, where the sample of the study would be antopometric examination, body composition and lipid profile before and after the intervention. Results: there was no significant difference in the effect of intervention between intensive nutrition therapy compared to only nutrition counseling in weight loss, body composition, and lipid profile. Conclusion: Nutritional intervention in the form of intensive nutrition therapy and counseling conducted in this study had significant results in weight loss, lipid profile and body composition in overweight and obese adolescents, although no significant effect was found on the two interventions. Keywords: Nutritional intervention, weight loss, body compotition, lipid profile, overweight, obesitas ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Permasalahan status gizi saat ini bukan lagi hanya terpusat pada kekurangan gizi saja, namun juga pada kelebihan gizi yang dapat terjadi pada semua golongan usia, terutama rentan terjadi pada usia muda. Tujuan: menilai pengaruh terapi gizi klinik intensif terhadap penurunan berat badan, komposisi tubuh dan profil lipid pada remaja overweight dan obesitas. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control dan dilakukan selama bulan Agustus – September 2018, dimana sampel penelitian akan dilakukan pemeriksaan antopometri, komposisi tubuh dan profil lipid sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh intervensi secara bermakna antara terapi gizi intensif dibandingkan dengan hanya penyuluhan gizi saja dalam menurunkan berat badan, komposisi tubuh, dan profil lipid. Kesimpulan : intervensi gizi berupa terapi gizi intensif dan penyuluhan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini memiliki hasil yang bermakna terhadap penurunan berat badan, profil lipid dan komposisi tubuh pada remaja overweight dan obesitas walaupun tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna dari kedua intervensi tersebut. Kata Kunci: intervensi gizi, penurunan berat badan, komposisi tubuh, profil lipid, overweight, obesitas

Download Full-text

Impact of Long-Term Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Parameters in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: Comparison Between Adult and Elderly Patients

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.635983 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabetta Scarano ◽

Enrico Riccio ◽

Teresa Somma ◽

Rossana Arianna ◽

Fiammetta Romano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Composition ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

General Population ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Gh Secretion

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults is due to a reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion by the anterior pituitary gland which leads to a well-known syndrome characterized by decreased cognitive function and quality of life (QoL), decreased bone mineral density (BMD), increased central adiposity with a reduction in lean body mass, decreased exercise tolerance, hyperlipidemia and increased predisposition to atherogenesis. Considering some similar features between aging and GHD, it was thought that the relative GH insufficiency of the elderly person could make an important contribution to the fragility of elderly. GH stimulation tests are able to differentiate GHD in elderly patients (EGHD) from the physiological reduction of GH secretion that occurs with aging. Although there is no evidence that rhGH replacement therapy increases the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus (DM), reducing insulin sensitivity and inducing cardiac hypertrophy, long-term monitoring is, however, also mandatory in terms of glucose metabolism and cardiovascular measurements. In our experience comparing the impact of seven years of rhGH treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in GHD patients divided in two groups [adult (AGHD) and elderly (EGHD) GHD patients], effects on body composition are evident especially in AGHD, but not in EGHD patients. The improvements in lipid profile were sustained in all groups of patients, and they had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia than the general population. The effects on glucose metabolism were conflicting, but approximately unchanged. The risk of DM type 2 is, however, probably increased in obese GHD adults with impaired glucose homeostasis at baseline, but the prevalence of DM in GHD is like that of the general population. The increases in glucose levels, BMI, and SBP in GHD negatively affected the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in the long term, especially in AGHD patients. Our results are in accordance to other long-term studies in which the effects on body composition and lipid profile are prominent.

Download Full-text