Occupational Contamination with Cyclophosphamide in Manipulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Martins ◽  
Z Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Scientific Papers

Abstract Introduction Cyclophosphamide is a cytotoxic widely used in the treatment of various cancers. It has been observed, for many years, that those responsible for its handling and administration are exposed and levels of contamination have been detected in biological samples collected from these professionals, in surfaces and in the air. Objectives To review the literature on occupational contamination by cyclophosphamide. Methodology The following inclusion criteria were selected: articles published until the present year, articles in English, scientific papers on cyclophosphamide contamination in hospital health professionals, scientific articles on contamination detection methods and articles on the effects that can outcome from cyclophosphamide contamination. Results The cyclophosphamide levels have been decreasing with the implementation of preparation and cleaning guidelines as well as with the emergence of new techniques of manipulation and technological innovations. However, the dermal route remains the main route of contamination and those responsible for cytotoxic manipulation are not the only ones exposed. It was verified that hospital professionals, who in their profession would not be in contact with cyclophosphamide, also presented levels of contamination in the collected urine samples. Conclusion It is necessary to continue to alert hospital professionals to the importance of always complying with the handling and cleaning protocols, since one of the main causes of contamination is precisely the performance of incorrect procedures during both tasks. This is a topic that should be further studied in order to minimize the exposure and consequently the associated risks.

Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Ionic Liquid and Spectrophotometric Determination of Bilirubin in Biological Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-659
Author(s):  
Asiye A. Avan ◽  
Hayati Filik
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spectrophotometric Detection ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Liquid Microextraction

Background: An Ionic Liquid-based based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (IL-DLLME) method was not applied to preconcentration and determination of bilirubin. Ionic Liquids (ILs) are new chemical compounds. In recent years, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been employed as alternative solvents to toxic organic solvents. Due to these perfect properties, ILs have already been applied in many analytical extraction processes, presenting high extraction yield and selectivity for analytes. Methods: In this study, IL-DLLME was applied to biological samples (urine and serum) for the spectrophotometric detection of bilirubin. For bilirubin analysis, the full-color development was based on the reaction with periodate in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The high affinity of bilirubin for the ionic liquid phase gave extraction percentages above 98% in 0.3 M HCl solution. Results: Several IL-extraction parameters were optimized and room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl- 1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and ethanol were used as extraction and disperser solution. The linear range was found in the range of 0.5-6.0 μM (0.3-3.5 μg mL-1) and the limits of detection of the proposed method was 0.5 μM (0.3 μg mL-1). The proposed method was applied for the preconcentration and separation of trace bilirubin in real urine samples. Also, the recoveries for bilirubin in spiked biological samples (urine and serum) were found to be acceptable, between 95-102%. Conclusion: The proposed IL-DLLMEapproach was employed for the enrichment and determination of trace levels of bilirubin in urine samples using NaIO4 as an oxidizing agent and Uv-vis spectrophotometric detection. The periodate oxidation of bilirubin is rapid, effective, selective, and simple to perform. The method contains only HCl, NaOI4, and an anionic surfactant. The method may be useful for economizing in the consumption of reagents in bilirubin determining. The IL-DLLMEmethod ensures a high yield and has a low toxicity no skin sensitization, no mutagenicity and no ecotoxicity in an aquatic environment since only very low quantities of an IL is required. For full-color formation, no any extra auxiliary reagents are required. Besides, the IL-DLLME technique uses a low-cost instrument such as Uv-vis which is present in most of the medical laboratories.

A Scoping Review of Interventions Aimed at Improving Knowledge, Detection Practices and Management of Dementia among Health Professionals (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Krishna Prasad Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Improving Health Care

BACKGROUND Health professionals (HPs) play a key role in dementia management and detection. However, there is a gap in the literature as to what represents best practice with regard to educating HPs to improve their dementia detection practices and management. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the aggregated studies aimed at improving health care knowledge, detection practices and management of dementia among HPs. METHODS We searched electronically published relevant articles with inclusion criteria; (1) intervention studies aimed at improving HPs practices concerning dementia care and (2) educational interventions focused on nurses and doctors’ knowledge, detection practice and management of dementia. Twenty-five articles fit the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Collaborative programs of practice based workshops, interactive learning activities with community and multi-faced educational program were the most effective. CONCLUSIONS HPs should be supported to improve their knowledge, tackle behavioural problems associated with dementia, be made aware of services and be enabled to engage in more early diagnosis. CLINICALTRIAL no applicable

scholarly journals USE OF PSYCHOTROPICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AND PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Fonseca Ribeiro Filardi ◽  
VÂnia Eloisa De AraÚjo ◽  
Yone De Almeida Nascimento ◽  
Djenane Ramalho De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Personal Problems ◽  
Pubmed Central ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Social ◽  
Support Mechanisms

The use of psychotropic drugs to treat problems of everyday life is a growing phenomenon in many countries. A systematic review was conducted as a method of synthesis of results of the qualitative primary studies developed to explore the perspective of health professionals and patients regarding the use of psychotropic drugs to overcome personal problems. This systematic review was conducted in the databases Medline (PubMed), Central (Cochrane), Psycoinfo and Lilacs, including gray literature and manual search (june/2015). We identified 581 publications that were evaluated in stages and 26 met the inclusion criteria with a total of 876 participants including health professionals and patients. The doctors showed empathy by prescribing. The health professionals-prescribers and non-prescribers-were concerned about the dependence of patients on the psychotropic and the pressure to prescribe. Patients felt unable to solve their problems and seek medications as a solution. The psychotropics were considered a useful resource to overcome the social problems, existing denial of its side effects as well as the lack of openness and access to other support mechanisms.

scholarly journals Polyphenol Consumption on Human Bile Acids Metabolism: Preliminary Data of Bile Acid Profiles in Human Biological Samples (P06-131-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anqi Zhao ◽  
Xuhuiqun Zhang ◽  
Amandeep Sandhu ◽  
Indika Edirisinghe ◽  
Barbara Shukitt-Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Human Bile ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives Bile acids (BAs) play a critical role in regulating human health through the activation of BAs receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane G protein coupled bile acid receptor-1 (TGR5). We aimed to develop methods to characterize BAs and their metabolites in human biological samples and characterize changes in BAs profile after chronic polyphenol consumption to help guide investigations on the potential health effects of polyphenols via BAs metabolism. Methods Plasma, fecal and urine samples from two human studies that included berry intake were used for developing qualitative analysis of BAs using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight (QTOF). The compounds were identified based on the exact mass, fragmentation pattern, available reference standards and database search. To investigate the effect of chronic polyphenol consumption on BAs composition, pooled plasma samples (fasting and postprandial 2 h, n = 6) from a chronic (45 and 90 days) strawberry supplementation study (24 g freeze dried/day) with an older population were analyzed. Results Among 106 BAs and their metabolites which were tentatively identified in the samples used for method development, 70, 55, and 47 BAs species were characterized in plasma, feces and urine samples, respectively. The qualitative analysis of BAs in plasma samples from subjects following the strawberry consumption protocol detected 8 primary and 31 secondary BAs. After 90-days strawberry supplementation, two secondary BAs–glycolithocholic acid and 9(11), (5β)-cholenic acid-3α, 12α-diol were decreased to undetectable levels in the pooled fasting sample and the FRX/TGR5 agonists, including chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid and taurocholic acid, showed increasing peak areas at 2 h postprandial compared to fasting. Conclusions The changes in BAs profiles in fasting and postprandial plasma samples after chronic strawberry feeding suggest that strawberry polyphenols may alter BAs metabolism and the FXR/TGR5 signaling. Funding Sources This work was funded by the California Strawberry Commission, USDA Intramural Funds and various donor funds to the Center for Nutrition Research, IIT.

MICROPROBE ANALYSIS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN PALLON
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Microprobe ◽  
Research Facility ◽  
New Techniques

During the last few years, the nuclear microprobe has demonstrated itself as a strong research facility in the application to biological samples. The performance is not without competition from new techniques, and to maintain special advantages of the nuclear microprobe, care must be taken in the selection and preparation of the biological samples to analyse.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge towards breast cancer early detection methods among female health professionals in Adigrat town public health institutions, Tigray, northern Ethiopia, 2018

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amdehiwot Aynalem ◽  
Andualem Mebratu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Breast Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Early Detection ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

Abstract Objective The main objective of the study to determine breast cancer early detection method knowledge among female health professional, Adigrat, town, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2018.Result The study assessed the knowledge of health professionals. Majority of the health professionals 55.7% (60) were founded knowledgeable and 44.3% (48) were not knowledgeable.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial potential of alkaloids isolated from plants: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e9119109334
Author(s):  
Andreza do Socorro Silva da Veiga ◽  
Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido ◽  
Sandro Percário ◽  
Andrey Moacir do Rosário Marinho ◽  
Maria Fâni Dolabela
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Leishmania Parasite ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Leishmania Promastigotes ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Leishmaniasis treatment is often carried out with drugs of high toxic potential and high cost, and satisfactory therapeutic response is not usually observed. In this context, searching for therapeutic alternatives is urgent. This study seeks to evaluate the antileishmanial potential of alkaloids from plants. The search for scientific papers occurred at Pubmed, CAPES Journal Portal (PPC), Virtual Health Library (VHL) and COCHRANE using the descriptors: alkaloid and antileishmanial. The inclusion criteria were studies about alkaloids isolated from plants and tested against Leishmania parasite. A total of 805 publications were found in Pubmed, 825 in PPC, 4 in VHL and none in COCRHANE. After reading the titles and abstracts, articles containing other biological evaluations (350), chemical studies such as docking and material characterizations (388), evaluation of extracts and fractions activities (406) which did not fit in this research or were in duplicate (377) were excluded. Acridone and all the naphthylisoquinolinic and tetrahydroisoquinolinic alkaloids were active or moderately active against Leishmania promastigotes or amastigotes, and indolizidine was active against both forms. The β-carbolines were inactive or moderately active against Leishmania promastigotes, with the exception of flavopereirine. The indolizidine alkaloid was the most promising as a future drug candidate, since it was very active against both forms of Leishmania.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the Influencing Factors related to the Effectiveness of Discharge Planning Implementation in Hospitals: A Systematic Review

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Hari Soebagiyo ◽  
Kornelis Nama Beni ◽  
Tan Nina Fibriola
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Planning Implementation

Introduction: Discharge Planning is one of the agendas that is a part of nursing duties. This is not only complicated but it is also a long-term activity, starting from when the patients are admitted to hospital until they are allowed to go home. Factually, it cannot be denied that effective nursing discharge planning implementation will provide benefits for the patient, their family and the professionals within the health care setting. Based on those facts, the author composed this systematic review with the purpose of identifying the influential factors that have a role in terms of the effectiveness of nursing discharge planning implementation in hospitalsMethods: The researcher conducted their investigation in February 2019 and this involved the exploration of scientific papers from ProQuest and Scopus using the keywords ‘nursing discharge planning’, ‘effectiveness’ and ‘implementation’. This paper identified 15 relevant research articles from 500 original full texts. These papers were analyzed according to the inclusion criteria and the impeding factors in discharge planning implementation. It involved 1 quasi-RCT and 14 descriptive research studies.Results: As a result, from the 10.000 respondents, it was found that the enhancing factors include effective communication at 43% and the factors causing impedance in nursing discharge planning effectiveness includes the continuity of staff at 38 %.Conclusion: The dominant factor of impedance as stated in the interview sessions was a lack of time to do the nursing discharge planning properly.

scholarly journals Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Educação a Distância e as Influências para Educação em Saúde: Uma Revisão Integrativa

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Versiéri Oliveira De Almeida ◽  
Helena Terezinha Hubert Silva ◽  
Andrea Wander Bonamigo
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Health Area ◽  
Educación A Distancia ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Education Process ◽  
Infor Mation

A Educação a Distância (EaD) na área da saúde, por ser pouco explorada, dificulta a compreensão da contribuição das tecno-logias em informação. Além disso, nota-se a necessidade da utilização de metodologias que estimulem uma aprendizagem ativa. O objeti-vo deste artigo foi analisar a contribuição da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) por meio da EaD como instrumento para a educação em saúde. Este estudo consiste numa revisão integrativa, com pesquisas publicadas entre 2011 e 2015. Foram analisados artigos com base nas seguintes definições:ABP e as contribuições para a educação em saúde; EaD no processo de educação em saúde; Impacto do uso da ABP por meio da EaD para a dis-seminação da educação em saúde. Foram in-cluídos para a análise 12 artigos científicos, tendo a maioria, como público-alvo, alunos de graduação/pós-graduação. Verificou-se que a contribuição da ABP combinada a EaD para o processo de educação em saúde pro-move o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades proativas, o que desencadeia o empoderamento do conhecimento; porém, são necessários mais estudos sobre a utilização de ABP e EaD em capacitações para profissio-nais de saúde que atuam na área.Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Educação a Distância. Educação em Saúde. Problem-Based Learning in Distance Education and Influences for HealthEducation: An Integrative ReviewABSTRACTFor being little explored in the health area, Distance Learning (DL) makes it diffi-cult to understand the contribution of infor-mation technologies. Besides, it is noticed the need of using methodologies that encourage active learning. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the contribution of Learning Based in Problems (LBP) through DL as a tool for health education. This paper consists in an integrative review, with researches pu-blished between 2011 and 2015. Articles were analyzed based on the following definitions: LBP and the contributions to health edu-cation; DL in the health education process; Twelve scientific papers were included to analysis, being the majority of them with graduation/post graduation students as target audience. It was verified that the contribution of LBP combined with DL to the process of heal-th education promotes the development of proactive competences and abilities, which triggers knowledge empowerment. However, more studies about the use of LBP and DL in training sessions for health professionals who work on the field are needed.Keywords: Problem-based learning. Distance Education. Health Education. Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas en la Educación a Distancia y lasInfluencias para educación en Salud: Una Revisión IntegrativaRESUMENLa Educación a Distancia (EaD) en el área de la salud, puede ser poco explorada, dificulta la comprensión de la contribución de las tec-nologías en información. Además, se percibe la necesidad de la utilización de metodologías que estimulen un aprendizaje activo. El obje-tivo del artículo fue analizar la contribución del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) por medio de la EaD como instrumento para la educación en salud. Este estudio consiste en una revisión integrativa, con búsquedas publi-cadas entre 2011 y 2015. Fueron analizados ar-tículos con base en las siguientes definiciones: ABP y las contribuciones para la educación en salud; EaD en el proceso de educación en sa-lud; y el impacto del uso del ABP por medio de la EaD para la diseminación de la educaci-ón en salud. Fueron incluidos para el análisis 12 artículos científicos, teniendo la mayoría como público-objetivo alumnos de graduaci-ón/posgrado. Se comprobó que la contribuci-ón del ABP combinada a EaD para el proceso de educación en salud, promueve el desarrollo de competencias y habilidades proactivas, lo que desencadena el empoderamiento del co-nocimiento, entretanto, son necesarios más estudios sobre la utilización del ABP y EaD en capacitaciones para profesionales de salud que actúan en el áreaPalabras clave: Aprendizaje basado en problemas. Educación a la distancia. Educación en salud.

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