Associations of education and income with alcohol use among Japanese pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Murakami ◽  
T Obara ◽  
M Ishikuro ◽  
F Ueno ◽  
A Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
University Education ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Current Drinker ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women ◽  
Japanese Yen

Abstract Background Alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to adverse health consequences for the fetus. Identification of pregnant women who are most likely to drink is essential for targeting interventions. However, evidence on associations of education and income with alcohol use during pregnancy is inconsistent. Methods We analyzed data from 11484 pregnant women who agreed to participate in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study in Japan from 2013 to 2017. Women were dichotomized as current drinker and non-drinker (past drinker, never drinker, constitutionally never drinker) during early pregnancy and during middle pregnancy, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether educational attainment or equivalent household income was associated with alcohol use, after adjusting for women's age, work status, smoking, income/education, and their partners' education. Results Prevalence of alcohol use during early and middle pregnancy was 21.1% and 6.5%, respectively. Higher education and higher income were significantly associated with an increased risk of alcohol use during early pregnancy; the odds ratio (OR) of ≥university education compared with ≤high school education was 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-1.76), and the OR of ≥ 4 million compared with <2 million Japanese yen was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.20-1.61). Education and income were not associated with alcohol use during middle pregnancy; the corresponding ORs were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.87-1.35) and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.82-1.29), respectively. Conclusions Associations of education and income with alcohol use were observed during early pregnancy, not during middle pregnancy. No amount of alcohol and no time to drink can be considered safe during pregnancy. More public health awareness is needed to prevent alcohol use during early pregnancy. Key messages Different strategies for preventing alcohol use are required during early pregnancy and during middle pregnancy. Interventions for alcohol use during early pregnancy should focus on women with higher education and/or higher income.

scholarly journals Associations of education and work status with alcohol use and cessation among pregnant women in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Murakami ◽  
Taku Obara ◽  
Mami Ishikuro ◽  
Fumihiko Ueno ◽  
Aoi Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
University Education ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Alcohol Cessation ◽  
Lower Education

Abstract Background There is inconsistent evidence on the associations of education and work status with alcohol use during pregnancy. Our aim was to examine the associations of education and work status with alcohol use and alcohol cessation during pregnancy in Japan. Methods Data were analyzed from 11,839 pregnant women who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017 in Japan. Women were dichotomized as current drinkers or non-drinkers in both early and middle pregnancy. Alcohol cessation was defined as alcohol use in early pregnancy, but not in middle pregnancy. Multivariable log-binomial regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of education and work status with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy and alcohol cessation, adjusted for age and income. The prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by work status and education. Results The prevalence of alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy was 20.9 and 6.4%, respectively. Higher education was associated with alcohol use in early pregnancy both among working and non-working women; the PRs of university education or higher compared with high school education or lower were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.34–1.96) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.16–1.45), respectively. Higher education was associated with alcohol cessation during pregnancy among working women; the corresponding PR was 1.09 (95% CI, 1.01–1.17). Working was associated with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy. Working was associated with a decreased probability of alcohol cessation among women with lower education but with an increased probability of alcohol cessation among women with higher education; the PRs of working compared with not working were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82–1.00) and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.00–1.20), respectively. Conclusions Women with higher education were more likely to consume alcohol in early pregnancy and to cease alcohol use between early and middle pregnancy, especially working women. Working women were more likely to consume alcohol throughout pregnancy. Working women with lower education were less likely to cease alcohol use, whereas working women with higher education were more likely to cease alcohol use between early and middle pregnancy.

scholarly journals Associations of education and work status with alcohol use and cessation among pregnant women in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Murakami ◽  
Taku Obara ◽  
Mami Ishikuro ◽  
Fumihiko Ueno ◽  
Aoi Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Working Women ◽  
University Education ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Alcohol Cessation

Abstract Background: There is inconsistent evidence on the associations of education and work status with alcohol use during pregnancy. We aimed to examine the associations of education and work status with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy and alcohol cessation between early and middle pregnancy in Japan.Methods: This prospective study was part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. Pregnant women were recruited at approximately 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. We analyzed 11592 pregnant women who completed the questionnaires administered in early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Women were dichotomized as current drinkers or non-drinkers in both early and middle pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of education and work status with alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy, adjusting for age, income, psychological distress, and work status/education. Associations with alcohol cessation between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy were also examined.Results: Prevalence of alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy was 20.9% and 6.4%, respectively. Higher education was associated with alcohol use in early pregnancy and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; the odds ratios (ORs) of ≥university education compared with ≤high school education were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.66) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.00–1.71), respectively. Work status was associated with alcohol use in both periods and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; for alcohol cessation, the OR of working in early pregnancy only compared with not working in both periods was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.03–2.88).Conclusions: Women with higher education were more likely to consume alcohol in early pregnancy and to cease between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Working women were more likely to consume alcohol throughout pregnancy in Japan.

scholarly journals Social predictors of alcohol use and cessation during pregnancy among Japanese women: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Murakami ◽  
Taku Obara ◽  
Mami Ishikuro ◽  
Fumihiko Ueno ◽  
Aoi Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
University Education ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Alcohol Cessation

Abstract Background: Most studies on social predictors of alcohol use have been conducted at one time point during pregnancy or using postpartum retrospective reports. Furthermore, the studies were mainly conducted in Western countries. We aimed to prospectively examine social predictors of alcohol use and cessation during pregnancy in Japan.Methods: This prospective study was part of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study from 2013 to 2017. Pregnant women were recruited at approximately 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. We analyzed 11592 pregnant women who completed the questionnaires administered in early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Women were dichotomized as current drinkers or non-drinkers in both early and middle pregnancy. Age, education, income, work status, and psychological distress were used as social predictors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between these predictors and alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy. Associations with alcohol cessation between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy were also examined.Results: Prevalence of alcohol use in early and middle pregnancy was 20.9% and 6.4%, respectively. Higher education was associated with alcohol use in early pregnancy and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; the odds ratios (ORs) of ≥university education compared with ≤high school education were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–1.66) and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.00–1.71), respectively. Work status was associated with alcohol use in both periods and alcohol cessation during pregnancy; for alcohol cessation, the OR of working in early pregnancy only compared with not working in both periods was 1.72 (95% CI, 1.03–2.88).Conclusions: Women with higher education were more likely to consume alcohol in early pregnancy and to cease between early pregnancy and middle pregnancy. Working women were more likely to consume alcohol throughout pregnancy in Japan.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Changes in Early Pregnancy Along With the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Lin ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Han-Qiu Zhang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PurposeCOVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) was first reported in December 2019 and quickly swept across China and around the world. Levels of anxiety and depression were increased among pregnant women during this infectious pandemic. Thyroid function is altered during stressful experiences, and any abnormality during early pregnancy may significantly affect fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic induces thyroid hormone changes in early pregnant women.MethodsThis study comprised two groups of pregnant women in Shanghai in their first trimester – those pregnant women before the COVID-19 outbreak from January 20, 2019, to March 31, 2019 (Group 1) and those pregnant during the COVID-19 outbreak from January 20, 2020, to March 31, 2020 (Group 2). All women were included if they had early pregnancy thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody or thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) available and did not have a history of thyroid diseases or received thyroid treatment before or during pregnancy. We used propensity score matching to form a cohort in which patients had similar baseline characteristics.ResultsAmong 3338 eligible pregnant women, 727 women in Group 1 and 727 in Group 2 had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyses. Pregnant women in Group 2 had significantly higher FT3 (5.7 vs. 5.2 pmol/L, P<0.001) and lower FT4 (12.8 vs. 13.2 pmol/L, P<0.001) concentrations compared with those in Group 1. Pregnant women in Group 2 were more likely to develop isolated hypothyroxinemia (11.6% vs. 6.9%, OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.20–2.53], P=0.003) than those in Group 1 but had a significantly lower risk of TgAb positivity (12.0% vs. 19.0%, OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.43–0.78], P<0.001).ConclusionPregnant women in their first trimester in Shanghai during the COVID-19 outbreak were at an increased risk of having higher FT3 concentrations, lower FT4 concentrations, and isolated hypothyroxinemia. The association between thyroid hormones, pregnancy outcomes, and the COVID-19 outbreak should be explored further.

scholarly journals An Integrative Screening Tool of Alcohol Exposure During Early Pregnancy: Combining of the CDT Biomarker with Green Page Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Azurmendi-Funes ◽  
Miriam Martínez-Villanueva ◽  
Juan Luís Delgado-Marín ◽  
Rebecca Ramis ◽  
Miguel Felipe Sánchez-Sauco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
A Value ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

Abstract Aims In current clinical practice, prenatal alcohol exposure is usually assessed by interviewing the pregnant woman by applying questionnaires. An alternative method for detecting alcohol use is to measure the biomarker carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). However, few studies measure CDT during pregnancy. This study examines the utility of CDT biomarker in the screening of alcohol exposure during early pregnancy. Methods A cohort of 91, first-trimester pregnant women assigned to a public reference maternity hospital, was screened using the Green Page (GP) questionnaire, an environmental exposure tool. CDT levels and other biomarkers of alcohol use were measured and compared with questionnaire data. Results About 70% of the mothers in the study consumed alcohol during early pregnancy and 22% met high-risk criteria for prenatal exposure to alcohol. CDT measurement showed a statistically significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with a value of 0.70. For a value of 0.95% of CDT, a specificity of 93% was observed. The most significant predictors of CDT were the number of binge drinking episodes, women’s body mass index and European white race. Conclusion Pregnant women with a CDT value >0.95% would be good candidates for the performance of the GP questionnaire during early pregnancy in order to detect potential high-risk pregnancy due to alcohol exposure.

scholarly journals Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for Japanese pregnant women with and without nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Ogawa ◽  
Seung-Chik Jwa ◽  
Minatsu Kobayashi ◽  
Naho Morisaki ◽  
Haruhiko Sago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

scholarly journals Association between maternal triglycerides and disturbed glucose metabolism in pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eppel ◽  
Michael Feichtinger ◽  
Tina Lindner ◽  
Grammata Kotzaeridi ◽  
Ingo Rosicky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Aims Dyslipidemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes as elevated triglycerides might be considered as a risk factor for hyperglycemia and gestational diabetes. As only a few studies have addressed the association between maternal triglycerides and glucose metabolism, we aimed to explore the pathophysiologic associations of moderate hypertriglyceridemia and maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Methods Sixty-seven pregnant women received a detailed metabolic characterization at 12+0–22+6 weeks of gestation by an extended 2h-75g OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test); with measurements of glucose, insulin and C-peptide at fasting and every 30 min after ingestion and assessment of triglycerides at fasting state. All examinations were repeated at 24+0–27+6 weeks of gestation. Results Elevated triglycerides in early gestation were associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Mean glucose concentrations during the OGTT in early pregnancy were already higher in women with hypertriglyceridemia as compared to women with triglycerides in the normal range. A higher degree of insulin resistance and increased OGTT glucose levels were also observed when metabolic assessments were repeated between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. Of note, elevated triglycerides at early gestation were associated with development of gestational diabetes by logistic regression (odds ratio: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.03–1.34, p=0.022 for an increase of 10 mg/dl). Conclusions Hypertriglyceridemia at the start of pregnancy is closely related to impaired insulin action and β-cell function. Women with hypertriglyceridemia have higher mean glucose levels in early- and mid-gestation. Pregnant women with elevated triglycerides in early pregnancy are at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes.

scholarly journals Adipsin of the Alternative Complement Pathway Is a Potential Predictor for Preeclampsia in Early Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Luo ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
Hongbiao Yu ◽  
Linbo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Complement Proteins ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum

ObjectiveThe concentrations of complement proteins (adipsin, C3a, and C5a) and soluble endoglin (sENG) in the plasma were measured in this study, and their value as early-pregnancy predictors and potential diagnostic marker of preeclampsia was assessed, respectively.Experimental DesignPlasma samples were obtained from healthy and preeclampsia pregnant women before delivery for a cross-sectional study. Plasma samples were collected from healthy and preeclampsia pregnant women throughout pregnancy and postpartum for a follow-up study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect plasma levels of several complement proteins (adipsin, C3a, and C5a) and sENG.ResultsThe plasma levels of adipsin, C5a, and sENG were significantly increased before delivery in pregnant women with preeclampsia. During pregnancy, the plasma adipsin, C5a, and sENG levels were increased from the third trimester in healthy pregnant women; plasma adipsin levels remained stable after delivery, while C3a levels increased in the second trimester and remained stable afterward. Furthermore, levels of adipsin, C5a, and sENG were higher in preeclampsia patients at different stages of pregnancy; the C3a level presents a similar change and no difference was found in the third trimester. In the first trimester, receiver-operating curve (ROC) curve analysis showed that adipsin (AUC, 0.83 ± 0.06, P=0.001) and sENG (AUC, 0.74 ± 0.09, P=0.021) presented high value as predictors of early pregnancy.ConclusionsAdipsin is likely a novel plasma biomarker to monitor the increased risk of preeclampsia in early pregnancy. Moreover, the increased plasma levels of adipsin, C5a, and sENG before delivery may be associated with preeclampsia.

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