scholarly journals Alcohol and gender gaps in life expectancy in eight Central and Eastern European countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Fanny Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries

scholarly journals Fatal injuries and economic development in the population sample of Central and Eastern European Countries: the perspective of adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1403-1412
Author(s):  
Michal Miovsky ◽  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Viera Ivankova ◽  
Martin Rigelsky ◽  
Jaroslav Sejvl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Group ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Injury Mortality ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Abstract Objectives Researches consider the young generation (adolescents) to be the population group whose mortality from injury has the lowest effect on economic growth. The objective was to evaluate the relations between economic indicators and preventable injury mortality in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), with a primary focus on adolescents. Methods The analyses included health indicators of preventable injury mortality and economic indicators that represent human development and economic growth in the CEECs from 1990 to 2016. The analytical process involved a population group divided by age (0–14 years: children, 15–24 years: adolescents, 25–74 years: adults) and gender. Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and primarily panel regression analysis were used. Results Significant effects of economic indicators on drowning were found in all analysed relations. In the group of adolescents, significant effects of fatal falls were found. Overall, it can be concluded that the effects of fatal injuries are not homogenous between age and gender groups. Conclusions The effects of years and individual countries should be taken into account in the cross-sectional analyses. In terms of economic growth, public policies should focus on drowning in children, on falls in adolescents and on transport accidents, fire injuries and poisoning in adults.

scholarly journals Inverse correlates of COVID-19 mortality across European countries during the first versus subsequent waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006422
Author(s):  
Leonardo Villani ◽  
Roberta Pastorino ◽  
Walter Ricciardi ◽  
John Ioannidis ◽  
Stefania Boccia
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Countries ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Better Than

The objectives of the study were to calculate the standardised mortality rates (SMRs) for COVID-19 in European Union/European Economic Area countries plus the UK and Switzerland and to evaluate the correlation between SMRs and selected indicators in the first versus the subsequent waves until 23 June 2021. We used indirect standardisation (using Italy as the reference) to compute SMRs and considered 16 indicators of health and social well-being, health system capacity and COVID-19 response. The highest SMRs were in Belgium, the UK and Spain in the first wave (1.20–1.84) and in Hungary, Czechia and Slovakia in the subsequent waves (2.50–2.69). Human Development Index (HDI), life expectancy, urbanisation and healthcare expenditure had positive correlations with SMR in the first wave (rho=0.30–0.46), but negative correlations (rho=−0.67 to −0.47) in the subsequent waves. Retail/recreation mobility and transit mobility were negatively correlated with SMR in the first wave, while transit mobility was inversely correlated with SMR in the subsequent waves. The first wave hit most hard countries with high HDI, high life expectancy, high urbanisation, high health expenditures and high tourism. This pattern may reflect higher early community seeding and circulation of the virus. Conversely, in the subsequent waves, this pattern was completely inversed: countries with more resources and better health status did better than eastern European countries. While major SMR differences existed across countries in the first wave, these differences largely dissipated by 23 June 2021, with few exceptions.

scholarly journals The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243411
Author(s):  
Alban Ylli ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Catherine Pirkle ◽  
Tetine Sentell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Related Mortality

Background The purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in the European Region. Methods The data for the current analysis (N = 50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth and outpatient contacts per person per year were statistically adjusted for in the regression model. Results Mortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively -0.83 (p<0.001) and -0.73 (p<0.001). Adjusting for average life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year, between days 33 to 50 from the 22nd of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.1/million per day (95% CI: 22.7, 37.6, p<0.001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found for incidence. Life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year were not associated with mortality rate. Conclusion Countries in Europe that had the earliest COVID-19 circulation suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, quickly undertaken in response to those initial outbreaks appear effective, especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11th. The study demonstrates that efforts to delay the early spread of the virus may have saved an average 30 deaths daily per one million inhabitants.

Gender regimes and gender equality measures in Central Eastern European Countries post-accession: the case of Hungary and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Velluti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Gender Regimes ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper is set to examine the state of gender equality in Central Eastern European Countries (CEECs) since accession to the European Union (EU) following the two enlargements in 2004 and 2007, which saw 10 CEECs join the EU. In this context, the paper addresses some implications of transformation, which challenge gender regimes across CEECs. The paper looks at the nature of the policies adopted to ensure gender equality in Central Eastern Europe (CEE) and, in particular, using Hungary's and Poland's family policies as a case study, it evaluates whether EU gender equality measures have had an impact on gender equality and justice in CEE and, more generally, whether they have led to new gender equality paradigms.

scholarly journals Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Stanisława Górecka
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Socioeconomic Transformation ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Death Causes

Mortality and Longevity in the Central and East Europe - Changes in Years 1990-2005 Political and socioeconomic transformation has significantly influenced demographic processes in Central and East Europe. This was mainly noticeable in behaviours and attitudes concerning forming and developing of families. With regard to the aforementioned behaviours, the populations of analysed countries have adopted to new conditions very quickly, and the demographic parameters have reached values that were almost identical as those in West Europe. The situation developed completely differently in the case of mortality and life expectancy. Differences between Central and East Europe, and West European countries, which were already visible at the beginning of 1990's, have been eliminated considerably slower. Even though, one can observe favourable transformations in life expectancy and the distribution of death causes in the Central and Eastern European countries. Those changes are especially apparent in countries which became members of the European Union in 2004.

scholarly journals The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alban Ylli ◽  
Yan Yan Wu ◽  
Genc Burazeri ◽  
Catherine Pirkle ◽  
Tetine Sentell
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in different countries of the European Region.MethodsThe data for the current analysis (N=50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth was statistically adjusted for in the regression model.ResultsMortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively −0.83 (p<.0001) and −0.73 (p<.0001). Adjusting for average life expectancy, between days 33 to 50 from the 22th of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.4/million per day (95% CI: 23.2, 37.1, p<0.0001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found in incidence. Life expectancy was not associated with mortality rate.ConclusionCountries in Europe which observed the earliest COVID-19 circulation, suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, undertaken especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11th, may have been timely. This may explain their significantly lower COVID-related mortality compared with the Western European countries.

Globalisation, Lifelong Learning and Their Impacts on Adult Education of Central East-European Countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Balàzs Németh
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
East European ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The challenges of the new millennium are turning everything upside down. Modernisation, globalisation, and a change of paradigm since 1989 have altered our perspectives of the mechanisms by which the societies of Central and Eastern European countries operate. Life expectancy has increased throughout the world, overpopulation has stopped in Europe, and integration movements have exerted increasing influence, constraining societies by outlining and reshaping not only the ‘map of the future’, but also of sub-systems and groups of societies of Central and Eastern Europe. It is evident that, in future societies, the real wealth generated from natural and social resources will depend upon the quality and wealth of human resources. This article scrutinises this issue within the context of lfelong learning.

Knowledge about basic life support in European students

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Marton ◽  
Attila Pandúr ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Krisztina Deutsch ◽  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
European Students ◽  
Western European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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