scholarly journals Epidemiological and nutritional transition in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stranges
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Affluent Country ◽  
Nutritional Transition

Abstract Issue/problem In the last decades, the number of deaths from non-communicable diseases in developing countries has risen to those observed in developed countries. Description of the problem Nutritional research in developing countries has primarily focused on under-nutrition, particularly among vulnerable population subgroups such as women and children. However, while economic growth has a significant social impact at population level, there is suggestive evidence of an ongoing nutritional transition leading to concurrent under- and over-nutrition in the population. Results The ongoing nutritional transition in these settings has been mostly linked to the rapid process of urbanisation and westernization. Data from several developing countries suggest that improvements in developmental indicators is accompanied by higher availability of highly processed poorly nutritious foods. Regarding socioeconomic factors, results demonstrated that better education and better living standards were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity after adjusting for confounders, including urban vs. rural setting. This is likely a consequence of the ongoing nutritional and epidemiological transition occurring in these settings. In fact, developing countries have not yet reached the same phase of nutritional transition as an economically affluent country, and while high-calorie diets comprising fast-food are the more economically affordable option in the latter, such diets are still reserved for the more affluent individuals in some developing countries, where economic growth has only just begun to allow affluent individuals to afford fast-food. Conclusions Understanding the underlying ecological and socioeconomic roots of both extremes of the nutritional status is vital to design successful public health interventions.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property Rights and Economic Growth: The Case of Middle Income Developing Countries

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pervez Zamurrad Janjua ◽  
Ghulam Samad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
External Sector

Intellectual property (IP) refers to the creation of mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, name, and images used in commerce. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have been widely recognised as a growth enhancing factor for the global economies as a whole. IPRs regime can influence the growth process through domestic and external sector of an economy. This study is primarily concerned with the effects of IPRs regime through external sector. Through different channels IPRs can promote economic growth in the recipient countries. The most important is technology transfer and its positive spillovers. Therefore, IPRs exert economic growth, which requires increase in productivity, increase in productivity requires increase in technological innovation and it requires the efficient protection of IPRs Rapp and Rozek (1990). The IPRs can influence the average growth more effectively in the open economies as compare to the close one Gould and Gruben (1996). Latter on Thompson and Rushing (1999) extended the model and included total factor productivity (TFP) in their growth model, which shows that IPRs have an insignificant impact on TFP for developed and developing countries but a positive and significant impact for the developed countries. To sustain economic growth it requires secured property rights system.

Analysis of Major Problems Faced by Small Firms in North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Davinder Singh ◽  
Jaimal Singh Khamba ◽  
Tarun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been noted to play a significant role in promoting economic growth in less developed countries, developing and also in developed countries. Worldwide, the micro and small enterprises have been accepted as the engine of economic growth of any nation. Small and Medium Enterprises are the backbone of the economies, because it trigger employment, output, export, poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, economic development etc. in developed as well as in developing countries. It is more important to developing countries as the poverty and unemployment are burning problems. MSMEs have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Therefore, the growth of small sectors is essential for the growth in the GDP, employment generation, total manufacturing production and export. India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, needs to pay an honest attention for the utmost growth of MSMEs for its increased contribution in above areas.

scholarly journals How Do Budget Deficits and Economic Growth Affect Reelection Prospects? Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2203-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Brender ◽  
Allan Drazen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Large Panel

We test whether good economic conditions and expansionary fiscal policy help incumbents get reelected in a large panel of democracies. We find no evidence that deficits help reelection in any group of countries independent of income level, level of democracy, or government or electoral system. In developed countries and old democracies, deficits in election years or over the term of office reduce reelection probabilities. Higher growth rates over the term raise reelection probabilities only in developing countries and new democracies. Low inflation is rewarded by voters only in developed countries. These effects are both statistically significant and quite substantial quantitatively. (JEL D72, E62, H62, O47)

scholarly journals PERAN STRATEGIS PENERAPAN KONSEP SISTER CITY DALAM MENCIPTAKAN SURABAYA GREEN-CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Inggang Perwangsa Nuralam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Complex Activities ◽  
Green City

Indonesia has many big cities with dynamic urbanization trend, increased economic growth and activities, rapid population growth, and dense populations such as Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Surabaya and Balikpapan. As a result, the complex activities of people in urban areas need space and these needs cause environmental degradation, such as the practice of throwing garbage that is not in place. To prevent this in the future, it is important for developing countries like Indonesia to have benchmarks. Benchmarks for developing countries can come from developed countries. So far inter-city development usually has partnerships with cities abroad, including the sister city concept. Sister city practices can be used by cities in Indonesia for the development of good practices. The collaboration of Surabaya (Indonesia) with Kitakyushu (Japan) focuses a lot on creating urban planning that is environmentally sound or commonly known as green city or eco-city.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

Wage- and profit-led growth regimes: a panel-data approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-412
Author(s):  
Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Prado Souza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Investment Function ◽  
Trade Channel

The extensive empirical effort made in the growth and distribution literature to estimate whether economic growth is wage- or profit-led has not sufficiently considered the theoretical foundation of the Neo-Kaleckian model. This paper attempts to respect key tenets of the investment function by estimating a panel-data model in which country-specific structural characteristics and possible endogenous relationships in income distribution and economic growth are explicitly considered. The identification strategy is based on several estimates of the capital stock and the rate of capacity utilization for 61 countries over the period between 1995 and 2014. The main results suggest that the growth regime was wage-led in developed countries, while most developing countries exhibited a profit-led growth regime. Interestingly, however, while the profit-led regime occurs through the international trade channel in Latin American countries, in other developing countries, the causality channel is mainly related to the domestic investment function.

The Evolution of the Digital Divide across Developing Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 1554-1570
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Corrocher ◽  
Anna Raineri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Emerging Patterns

This chapter aims at investigating the evolution of the digital divide within a set of developing countries between the years 2000 and 2005. In doing so, it moves away from the traditional analysis of the digital divide, which compares developed countries and developing countries, and examines the existing gap within a relatively homogeneous group of countries. On the basis of the theoretical and empirical contributions from scholars in different disciplines, we select a series of socioeconomic and technological indicators and provide an empirical assessment of the digitalization patterns in a set of 51 low income and lower-middle income countries. By means of cluster analysis techniques, we identify three emerging patterns of the digital divide and derive a series of policy implications, related to the implementation of an effective strategy to reduce digital backwardness. The characteristics of each pattern of digitalization can be also usefully employed to understand whether past interventions, especially in the area of competition policy, have been successful in addressing country-specific issues.

International Student Mobility Trends between Developed and Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Liu ◽  
Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Landscape

The authors offer international student mobility trends between developed and developing countries. Global outflow, inflow, and net inflow trends are described to display an overall and dynamic landscape of international student mobility. International student mobility trends between developed and developing countries are compared from perspectives of absolute and relative quantities. Relationships between mobility trends and economic growth are explored using regression analysis with applicable variables such as global outflow number and global GDP, outflow number and GDP in developing countries, inflow number and GDP in developed countries, etc.

A Granger Causality Analysis between the GDP and CO2 Emissions of Major Emitters and Implications for International Climate Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou WANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Integration Analysis

This paper empirically examines the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth by applying the co-integration analysis and Granger causality test to the time series data of carbon emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) of the world’s top 20 emitters from 1990 to 2015. Co-integration analysis shows that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in most countries; Granger causality test verifies a one-way causal link between carbon emissions and economic growth in most major emitters. In developed countries, economic growth is the Granger cause of carbon emissions, while the opposite is true in developing countries. The results reflect different characteristics regarding carbon emission reduction in developed and developing countries as they are at different developing stages. Carbon emission reduction exerts much greater adverse effects on the economic growth of developing countries than it does on that of developed countries. Based on the results of the Granger causal analysis, it is found that the requirements for developing countries to substantially reduce emissions are not in line with the characteristics in their current developing stage and therefore may pose obstructions. Developed countries should take the lead in carrying out emission reductions due to their accountability for historical emissions as well as their development stages and capabilities. In addition, they should aid developing countries in their efforts for transforming and upgrading development and reducing dependence of economic growth on carbon emissions. International climate governance should take into account the needs and characteristics of different countries for future development, and build a mechanism for international cooperation to achieve synergy between social economic development and global climate governance.

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