scholarly journals How Do Budget Deficits and Economic Growth Affect Reelection Prospects? Evidence from a Large Panel of Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2203-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Brender ◽  
Allan Drazen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Large Panel

We test whether good economic conditions and expansionary fiscal policy help incumbents get reelected in a large panel of democracies. We find no evidence that deficits help reelection in any group of countries independent of income level, level of democracy, or government or electoral system. In developed countries and old democracies, deficits in election years or over the term of office reduce reelection probabilities. Higher growth rates over the term raise reelection probabilities only in developing countries and new democracies. Low inflation is rewarded by voters only in developed countries. These effects are both statistically significant and quite substantial quantitatively. (JEL D72, E62, H62, O47)

scholarly journals FISCAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mourmouras ◽  
Peter Rangazas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

This paper offers possible explanations for three generally observed facts about fiscal policy and development: (F1) the relative size of government increases as an economy develops, (F2) the rise in government and taxation are associated with rising or constant economic growth rates, and (F3) today's developing countries have larger government sectors than today's developed countries had at similar stages of development. The explanations for these facts are based on the structural transformation from traditional to modern production, rising public infrastructure investment, and less democratic governments in many of today's developing economies.

Analysis of Major Problems Faced by Small Firms in North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Davinder Singh ◽  
Jaimal Singh Khamba ◽  
Tarun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been noted to play a significant role in promoting economic growth in less developed countries, developing and also in developed countries. Worldwide, the micro and small enterprises have been accepted as the engine of economic growth of any nation. Small and Medium Enterprises are the backbone of the economies, because it trigger employment, output, export, poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, economic development etc. in developed as well as in developing countries. It is more important to developing countries as the poverty and unemployment are burning problems. MSMEs have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Therefore, the growth of small sectors is essential for the growth in the GDP, employment generation, total manufacturing production and export. India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, needs to pay an honest attention for the utmost growth of MSMEs for its increased contribution in above areas.

Turkey in Crisis: Some Contradictions in the Kemalist Development Strategy

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özay Mehmet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Political System ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Right

The recent crisis in Turkey has been described primarily as a political crisis caused by an unworkable political system under attack from organized terrorism from both the right and the left. While this may be valid as an immediate cause, there are some structural and ideological contradictions in the Turkish economic system which must also be highlighted. These contradictions have evolved gradually over the last half century in the course of Turkey's efforts to achieve industrial and economic growth. They have been exacerbated in particular by a process of lopsided industrialization after 1960 which, as in most other developing countries, has resulted in increased poverty and unemployment while achieving overall growth rates of 6 percent or better.

scholarly journals PERAN STRATEGIS PENERAPAN KONSEP SISTER CITY DALAM MENCIPTAKAN SURABAYA GREEN-CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Inggang Perwangsa Nuralam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
City Development ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Complex Activities ◽  
Green City

Indonesia has many big cities with dynamic urbanization trend, increased economic growth and activities, rapid population growth, and dense populations such as Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Surabaya and Balikpapan. As a result, the complex activities of people in urban areas need space and these needs cause environmental degradation, such as the practice of throwing garbage that is not in place. To prevent this in the future, it is important for developing countries like Indonesia to have benchmarks. Benchmarks for developing countries can come from developed countries. So far inter-city development usually has partnerships with cities abroad, including the sister city concept. Sister city practices can be used by cities in Indonesia for the development of good practices. The collaboration of Surabaya (Indonesia) with Kitakyushu (Japan) focuses a lot on creating urban planning that is environmentally sound or commonly known as green city or eco-city.

Wage- and profit-led growth regimes: a panel-data approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-412
Author(s):  
Guilherme de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Prado Souza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Growth Regime ◽  
Investment Function ◽  
Trade Channel

The extensive empirical effort made in the growth and distribution literature to estimate whether economic growth is wage- or profit-led has not sufficiently considered the theoretical foundation of the Neo-Kaleckian model. This paper attempts to respect key tenets of the investment function by estimating a panel-data model in which country-specific structural characteristics and possible endogenous relationships in income distribution and economic growth are explicitly considered. The identification strategy is based on several estimates of the capital stock and the rate of capacity utilization for 61 countries over the period between 1995 and 2014. The main results suggest that the growth regime was wage-led in developed countries, while most developing countries exhibited a profit-led growth regime. Interestingly, however, while the profit-led regime occurs through the international trade channel in Latin American countries, in other developing countries, the causality channel is mainly related to the domestic investment function.

International Student Mobility Trends between Developed and Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhi Liu ◽  
Chun Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
Dynamic Landscape

The authors offer international student mobility trends between developed and developing countries. Global outflow, inflow, and net inflow trends are described to display an overall and dynamic landscape of international student mobility. International student mobility trends between developed and developing countries are compared from perspectives of absolute and relative quantities. Relationships between mobility trends and economic growth are explored using regression analysis with applicable variables such as global outflow number and global GDP, outflow number and GDP in developing countries, inflow number and GDP in developed countries, etc.

A Granger Causality Analysis between the GDP and CO2 Emissions of Major Emitters and Implications for International Climate Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou WANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Integration Analysis

This paper empirically examines the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth by applying the co-integration analysis and Granger causality test to the time series data of carbon emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) of the world’s top 20 emitters from 1990 to 2015. Co-integration analysis shows that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in most countries; Granger causality test verifies a one-way causal link between carbon emissions and economic growth in most major emitters. In developed countries, economic growth is the Granger cause of carbon emissions, while the opposite is true in developing countries. The results reflect different characteristics regarding carbon emission reduction in developed and developing countries as they are at different developing stages. Carbon emission reduction exerts much greater adverse effects on the economic growth of developing countries than it does on that of developed countries. Based on the results of the Granger causal analysis, it is found that the requirements for developing countries to substantially reduce emissions are not in line with the characteristics in their current developing stage and therefore may pose obstructions. Developed countries should take the lead in carrying out emission reductions due to their accountability for historical emissions as well as their development stages and capabilities. In addition, they should aid developing countries in their efforts for transforming and upgrading development and reducing dependence of economic growth on carbon emissions. International climate governance should take into account the needs and characteristics of different countries for future development, and build a mechanism for international cooperation to achieve synergy between social economic development and global climate governance.

scholarly journals Coping with the Exceptional Economic Problems in Turkey: A Field Survey on SMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Özen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Developing countries need higher economic growth to reach the level of developed countries. When developing countries exceed the potential economic growth, problems, such as, high external debt and high current deficit emerge. Such situations increase the financial risk of the country; in addition, international political risks, fluctuations in capital inflows and some manipulative movements have subjected countries to extreme exchange rate fluctuations. Purposes of this research: (1) to uncover the impact of high exchange rate volatility on small business activities and (2) to determine whether the level of exposure of the exchange rate shock on business owners varies by age. The methodology of the study involved a survey administered to 390 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings of the study show that after a period of significant exchange rate fluctuations, business activities were negatively affected, sales decreased, and job cuts increased. On the other hand, the exchange rate effect was mostly felt by all business owners of different ages. According to the study, it can be concluded that small enterprises are vulnerable to rising exchange rate volatility. The effect on SMEs with more work experience is not different. In order to alleviate the effects of adverse exchange rate movements, enterprises should be more cautious in their activities. Two suggestions can be made at this point: (i) Governments should follow optimal growth policies and (ii) Small businesses that have an important place in the economy should be made aware of the exchange rate risk and crisis management.

scholarly journals Upaya Hukum PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Unit Amlapura terhadap Debitur yang Wanprestasi dalam Usaha Mikro

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
I Kadek Adi Payana ◽  
I Nyoman Putu Budiartha ◽  
Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Credit Agreement ◽  
Legal Consequences

Economic development in a country is highly dependent on dynamic development and tangible contributions from the development sector. Development in the economic field is  the  main  driver  of  development,  Micro  Business  plays  an  important  role  in development and economic growth, not only in developing countries but also in developed countries. The formulation of the problem in this study, is: 1. Default and Legal Consequences in Micro People's Business Credit Agreement at PT. Bank BRI, 2. Repayment of Debtor Debt in Credit Agreements at Bank Bri. The research method used is a type of normative legal research. The most important part of developing a micro business is borrowing venture capital obtained from loans obtained from a bank. In an agreement, the debtor sometimes fails or defaults. Default or non-fulfillment of the agreement can occur either intentionally or unintentionally. Parties who do not intentionally do this default can occur because they are not able to fulfill these achievements or are also forced to make these achievements. The problem in this study is the occurrence of default on a credit agreement, the data is processed and analyzed qualitatively. The purpose of the analysis is to minimize the risk of bad credit. Then sort out the loan application submitted based on the loan ceiling. Default or non-fulfillment of the agreement can occur either intentionally or unintentionally. Parties who do not intentionally do this default can occur because they are not able to fulfill these achievements or are also forced to make these achievements.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBEBASAN EKONOMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Agustina Suparyati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Growth Economic ◽  
Business Freedom

<p>The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of economic development on economic growth. Economic freedom as an indicator of the progress of a country's welfare level consisting of 10 constituent components namely Property Rights, Freedom from Corruption, Fiscal Freedom, Government Spending, Business Freedom or Regulatory Freedom, Labor Freedom, Monetary Freedom, Freedom Trade, Investment Freedom and Financial Freedom. This study uses annual quantitative data in the span of time between 2001-2012 with the object of research in developed countries in Asia (Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore) and developing countries in Asia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore and Vietnam ) The results obtained that in ASEAN countries the variables that affect economic growth are variables of right property, business freedom, trade freedom and financial freedom while in developed countries in Asia, the components of influential economic freedom are property right, freedom from corruption, government spending, monetary freedom , business freedom, and financial freedom.</p>

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