scholarly journals Intestinal Enterococcus abundance correlates inversely with excessive weight gain and increased plasma leptin in breastfed infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Frederik Laursen ◽  
Melanie Wange Larsson ◽  
Mads Vendelbo Lind ◽  
Anni Larnkjær ◽  
Christian Mølgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
Plasma Leptin

ABSTRACT Epidemiological evidence indicates that breastfeeding provides protection against development of overweight/obesity. Nonetheless, a small subgroup of infants undergo excessive weight gain during exclusive breastfeeding, a phenomenon that remains unexplained. Breast milk contains both gut-seeding microbes and substrates for microbial growth in the gut of infants, and a large body of evidence suggests a role for gut microbes in host metabolism. Based on the recently established SKOT III cohort, we investigated the role of the infant gut microbiota in excessive infant weight gain during breastfeeding, including 30 exclusively breastfed infants, 13 of which exhibited excessive weight gain and 17 controls which exhibited normal weight gain during infancy. Infants undergoing excessive weight gain during breastfeeding had a reduced abundance of gut Enterococcus as compared with that observed in the controls. Within the complete cohort, Enterococcus abundance correlated inversely with age/gender-adjusted body-weight, body-mass index and waist circumference, body fat and levels of plasma leptin. The reduced abundance of Enterococcus in infants with excessive weight gain was coupled to a lower content of Enterococcus in breast milk samples of their mothers than seen for mothers in the control group. Together, this suggests that lack of breast milk-derived gut-seeding Enterococci may contribute to excessive weight gain in breastfed infants.

scholarly journals Excessive Weight Gain Followed by Catch-Down in Exclusively Breastfed Infants: An Exploratory Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Larsson ◽  
Mads Lind ◽  
Anni Larnkjær ◽  
Anette Due ◽  
Irina Blom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Excessive Weight

Some infants experience excessive weight gain (EWG) during exclusive breastfeeding, but causes and consequences are unknown. The objective was to identify factors associated with early EWG. Infants with EWG (HW-group) were examined at 5, 9 and 18 mo and compared to a breastfed group with normal weight gain (NW-group). Anthropometry, body composition, milk and blood samples, and milk intake were measured. Mean body-mass-index-for-age z-scores (BAZ) increased 1.93 from birth to 5 mo in the HW-group (n = 13) while the NW-group (n = 17) was unchanged (−0.01). The HW-group had 70% more fat mass at 5 mo, and then showed marked catch-down in BAZ from 5 to 18 mo (−0.84). Milk intake at 5–6 mo did not differ between the groups. In the HW-group milk-leptin was lower at 5 mo and serum-leptin was considerably higher at 5 and 9 mo compared to the NW-group. Serum-leptin at 5 mo was positively associated with weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and fat mass and negatively with WAZ change from 5 to 9 mo. In conclusion, breastfed infants with EWG had catch-down growth when other foods were introduced. Low milk-leptin in the HW-group may have stimulated appetite and milk intake when weight gain was high. High serum-leptin in the HW-group suggests early leptin resistance, which could impact cerebral regulation of energy intake. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals The influence of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in two-child women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing Chen ◽  
Suhua Zou ◽  
Zhuyu Li ◽  
Jianbo Yang ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Abstract Background Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain were related to perinatal outcomes. It was not know the changes of pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and its effect on perinatal outcomes in two-child women.Methods This was a retrospective study. Data of single term women delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected from July 2017 to June 2018. Gestational weight gain criteria of the American Institute of Medical Research and pre-pregnancy body mass index classes were used to evaluate the effects on pregnancy outcomes.Results A total of 3049 cases were enrolled in the study. Overweight cases was 9.0% and obesity was 2.4%. The weight gain of the two-child women was less than that of primipara(12.4±3.9vs13.3±4.0kg, P<0.001). The proportion of primipara with excessive weight gain was higher compared to two-child women(20.1%versus17.3%, P<0.001). There were 40.0% overweight primipara and 55.2% of two-child women had excessive weight gain. And 40.5% primipara and 54.5% two-child women of obesity had excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Obese primipara increased the risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR2.38, 95%CI 0.76-7.46). And the odds of diabetes mellitus and large for gestational age also increased in this group (aOR3.49, 95%CI 1.46-8.35 and aOR7.65, 95%CI 1.83-31.97, respectively). Two-child women had similar results. Underweight primipara with excessive weight gain increased the pre-eclampsia risk (aOR2.26, 95%CI 0.29-17.46). Normal weight and overweight/obese primipara also had similar results. But in two-child women, only overweight/obesity increased the risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR2.01, 95%CI 0.41-9.98). Underweight two-child women with less weight gain increased the risk of diabetes(aOR2.06, 95%CI 0.43-9.8). Two-child women with overweight/obese increased the odds of LGA even if they had less weight gain(aOR2.58, 95%CI 0.11-63.22). Normal weight primipara and two-child women with overweight and obese with excessive weight gain had similar results. On the other way, underweight primipara with less weight gain increased the risk of SGA(aOR1.74, 95%CI 0.81-3.76).Conclusions Gestational weight gain of two-child women was less than primipara. Overweight/obese women with excessive weight gain of two-child women increased the risk of adverse outcomes.

Excessive weight gain in exclusively breast-fed infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Saure ◽  
Marisa Armeno ◽  
Consuelo Barcala ◽  
Vanesa Giudici ◽  
Carmen Silvia Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
The Mean

AbstractBackground:Breastfeeding is recommended as the best source of nutrition in the first months of life and observational studies have associated exclusive breastfeeding with decreased weight gain and a protective effect against obesity in childhood. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of a cohort of exclusively breastfed obese infants to determine factors that may lead to this unusual weight gain.Methods:Infants seen between 2003 and 2015 who were exclusively breastfed and showed excessive weight gain in the first year of life were followed with a focus on features of the mother, the child, feeding patterns and the presence of concomitant factors that influence nutritional status. Additionally, in a subset of the sample, macronutrients of the maternal breast milk were analyzed. A descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study was conducted.Results:Of 73 patients, 63% were girls. At 3 months of life, 64% had a weight-for-height standard deviation score (SDS) >2. At 6 and at 12 months, 100% of the patients had a weight-for-height >2 SDS. The mean age at semisolid-food introduction was 7 months. The mean age at weaning was 15.8 months. The babies were fed on demand and no hunger-satiety pattern was observed. In the breast milk samples analyzed, a significantly lower fat content was found.Conclusions:The results of our study lead to the assumption that inter-individual variations in mother’s milk composition may affect the growth patterns of children.

Nutrition and Exercise Reduce Excessive Weight Gain in Normal-Weight Pregnant Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1419-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE-MAY RUCHAT ◽  
MARGIE H. DAVENPORT ◽  
ISABELLE GIROUX ◽  
MORGAN HILLIER ◽  
AZIZ BATADA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight

scholarly journals Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Perinatal Outcomes in Low Risk Pregnancies with Normal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mefkure Eraslan Sahin ◽  
Ilknur Col Madendag
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Normal Weight Gain ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

Objective. This study aimed to clarify the effect of gestational weight gain (GWG) on perinatal outcomes in low risk pregnancies with normal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Study Design. A total of 572 low-risk pregnant women with a normal prepregnancy BMI were included. GWG and inadequate or excessive weight gain were defined according to the United States Institute of Medicine updated guidelines. Adverse perinatal outcomes were compared among inadequate, normal, and excessive weight gain groups. Results. Of the 572 pregnant women enrolled, 62 belonged to inadequate GWG group, 80 to excessive GWG group, and 430 to normal GWG group. Maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, gravity, parity, and previous cesarean delivery rates were similar among groups. Adverse perinatal outcomes were not statistically significant among groups. Fetal weight was significantly lower in inadequate weight gain group compared to normal weight gain group (p<0.001) and fetal weight was significantly lower in normal weight gain group compared to excessive weight gain group (p<0.001). Additionally, low birth weight <2.5kgs, birth weight > 4.0kgs, and SGA and LGA rates were similar among groups (P = 0.765, P = 0. 711, P = 0. 702, and P = 0.414, respectively). Although gestational age at delivery was term in normal percentile it was significantly lower in the inadequate weight gain group compared to others (P=0.010). Conclusions. This study showed that an inadequate or excessive weight gain in low-risk pregnancies with a normal prepregnancy BMI did not increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on the Risk of Preeclampsia at a Tertiary Referral Hospital, Northern Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelago Tukondjeni Amagulu ◽  
Bariki Mchome ◽  
Julius Pius Alloyce ◽  
Kingsly Tobi ◽  
Eusebius Maro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Pre/eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contributed to 18% of the maternal mortality reported in Northern Tanzanian. There is increasing prevalence of obesity in Tanzania which is related to excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Both high BMI and excessive gestation weight gain are identified to increase risk of PE and subtypes, however this is still inconclusive and little is known about the joint effect of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on risk of PE and its subtypes in Africa. We evaluated the independent and joint effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on the risk of pre-eclampsia and its subtypes among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC) from October 2018 to May 2019, Northern Tanzania.Methods: We performed a retrospective birth cohort study from October 2018 to May 2019 at KCMC, Tanzania. Pre-pregnancy BMI was categorized using WHO categories into Underweight (˂ 18.5kg/m²), Normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m²), Overweight (25-29.9kg/m²) and Obese (≥ 30kg/m²). Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) was categorized using the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines into Inadequate, Adequate and Excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders using relative risk, 95% confidence interval for the risk ratios (RR) that did not cross 1 and p<0.05 were regarded statistically significant.Results: Among the 1309 women analysed, 5.3% were Underweight, 51.1% Normal weight, 26.9% Overweight and 16.7% were Obese. About 43.5% had excessive GWG. Women with PE were 9.5%. Both obesity and excessive GWG independently increased risk of PE with adjusted RR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.48-3.96 and RR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.16-2.69 when compared to normal BMI and adequate GWG respectively. Jointly, Obesity and Excessive GWG had the highest risk of PE (ARR=4.95, 95%CI: 2.21-11.10). The increased risk was similar for Mild PE (MPE), Severe PE or eclampsia (SP/E) and Late Onset PE (LOPE). No association was found for Early Onset PE (EOPE).Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy Obesity and Excessive GWG independently and jointly increases risk for PE and the risk varies by PE subtype.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH IBU DAN PENINGKATAN BERAT BADAN SAAT KEHAMILAN DENGAN PREEKLAMPSIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermanto Quedarusman ◽  
John Wantania ◽  
Juneke J. Kaeng
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Abstract: Preeclampsia is a health problem that occurs when a pregnancy reaches 20 weeks or more, preeclampsia is accompanied by hypertension and protenuria as main signs. Women with obesity before pregnancy are known to have higher risk to get preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT. Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can also increase the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant woman. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between maternal body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy with preeclampsia.This research used observasional-analytic method through case-control approach. The number of case group is 38 people and the number of control group is 38 people. The result shows that at risk women were four times more likely to develop preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT (OR= 4,32 95% CI= 1,15-16,12), and obese women were five times more likely to develop preeclampsia during pregnancy than those with normal IMT (OR= 5,06 95% CI= 1,46-12,67). The result also shows that women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy were almost three times more likely to develop preeclampsia during preeclampsia than women with normal weight gain during pregnancy (OR=2,53 95% IK= 0,99-31,81). The results show that there is a significant association between maternal IMT and weight gain during pregnancy with preeclampsia. Key Word: BMI, obesity, pregnancy and preeclampsia     Abstrak: Preeklampsia adalah masalah kesehatan yang terjadi pada usia kehamilan 20 minggu ke atas dengan tanda utama hipertensi dan protenuria. Wanita dengan obesitas sebelum kehamilan memiliki risiko lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan wanita normal. Peningkatan berat badan berlebihan saat kehamilan juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya preeklampsia pada wanita hamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ibu dan peningkatan berat badan saat kehamilan dengan preeklampsia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional-analitik dengan desain case-control. Jumlah sampel untuk kelompok kasus 38 orang dan untuk kelompok kontrol 38 orang. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok IMT at risk berisiko empat kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok IMT normal (OR= 4,32 95% IK= 1,15-16,12), sedangkan kelompok IMT obesitas berisiko lima kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan kelompok IMT normal (OR= 5,06 95% IK= 1,46-12,67). Kelompok dengan peningkatan berat badan tinggi berisiko hampir tiga kali lebih besar untuk menderita preeklampsia dibandingkan wanita dengan peningkatan berat badan saat hamil normal (OR=2,53 95% IK= 0,99-31,81). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara indeks massa tubuh ibu dan peningkatan berat badan saat kehamilan dengan preeklampsia. Kata Kunci: IMT, obesitas, kehamilan, dan preeklampsia.

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