Excessive weight gain in exclusively breast-fed infants

Background In developing countries, 5-10% of infants suffer from failure to thrive. Adequate feeding is the most crucial factor for optimal growth in early life.Objective To assess the differences in growth velocity at 4 to 6 months of age, based on the infant feeding practices.Methods This cross-sectional study involving 4 to 6 month-old babies from 6 public health centres in Yogyakarta was performed from August to November 2016. Data on body weight, and growth velocity as they related to weight at birth were collected. Subjects were divided into groups according to their feeding practices.Results Of 173 subjects, 130 (75%) infants were exclusively breastfed, 19 infants (11%) were given breast milk and formula, 14 (8%) infants were given breast milk and complementary food (8%), and 10 (6%) infants were given formula and complementary food. The mean growth velocity z-scores by group were as follows: exclusively breastfed 0.04 (SD 1.15) (95%CI -0.16 to 0.24), breast milk and formula -0.61 (SD 0.84) (95%CI -1.01 to -0.21), breast milk and complementary food -0.69 (SD 1.14) (95%CI -1.35 to -0.04), formula and complementary food 0.23 (SD 1.50) (95%CI: -0.84 to 1.31). The mean difference in growth velocity between the exclusively breastfed vs. breast milk and formula groups was 0.65 (SD 0.28) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.20; P=0.02); vs. breast milk and complementary food was 0.73 (SD 0.32) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.37; P=0.02); and vs. formula and complementary food was -0.19 (SD 0.37) (95%CI: -0.93 to 0.55; P=0.61).Conclusion Exclusively breastfed have the most optimal growth velocity compared to infants who experience other feeding practices.

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The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Resmiye Özdilek ◽

Yılda Arzu Aba ◽

Sena Dilek Aksoy ◽

Bulat Aytek Şık ◽

Yaşam Kemal Akpak

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To investigate the adaptation of pregnant women to the recommended weight gain range according to body mass index (BMI) and to determine the factors affecting them. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital’s obstetrics and gynecology unit (tertiary center) in Turkey. This study was conducted between March 2018 and August 2018 (6 months) in pregnant women. Pregnant women with chronic disease and receiving treatment during antenatal follow-up, with twin pregnancy, with a fetus with a congenital abnormality, and nutritional disturbance were excluded from the study. Eight hundred twelve pregnant women with normal antenatal follow-up and who volunteered to participate were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.66±5.05 years. The mean weight and BMI before pregnancy were near standard in all participants. The group with the highest rate of recommended weight gain according to BMI before pregnancy was the group with low weight pregnant women. The ideal weight gain rate in all groups was 32%. Conclusions: The groups with overweight and obese pregnant women according to BMI before pregnancy had the highest rates of weight gain, above the recommended limits. BMI before pregnancy directly affects weight gain during pregnancy and the importance of pre-pregnancy counseling and weight loss is emphasized once again. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 How to cite this:Ozdilek R, Aba YA, Aksoy SD, Sik BA, Akpak YK. The relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and the amount of weight that should be gained during pregnancy: A cross-sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.133 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Dietary Patterns in Pregnant Adolescents

Global Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.34257/gjmrevol20is4pg1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Maria Lucia Oliveira Rossés ◽

Amanda Vilaverde Perez ◽

Rafaela Corrêa da Silveira ◽

Cecilia Alfama ◽

Marianna Sperb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Food Patterns ◽

Nutritional Needs ◽

The Mean ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Introduction: Adolescence and pregnancy increase nutritional needs. Pregnant adolescents have higher energy requirements to maintain maternal health and ensure adequate fetal growth and development.Aim:Identify patterns of diet consumption among Pregnant adolescents. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between November 2014 and July 2016 among teenage mothers. Food intake was analyzed using asemiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We identified the food patterns as a posteriori using cluster analysis. Results: 294 adolescents participated in the study. The mean age was 17.83 ± 1.29 years. Sixty-five percent of participants self-declared as Caucasian and 83.3% were primiparous. Pre-gestational BMI was 23.71 ± 5.04 kg/m2, and 42.9% of the sample showed excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

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Gonial Angle by Lateral Cephalogram in Orthodontic Patients of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.6482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (237) ◽

Author(s):

Manju Bajracharya ◽

Anjana Rajbhandari ◽

Resina Pradhan ◽

Pushkar Manandhar ◽

Surendra Maharjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Lateral Cephalogram ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gonial Angle ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

The Mean

Introduction: The Gonial angle is an important parameter of the craniofacial complex for growth Patterns prediction. The gonial angle on lateral cephalometric radiograph represents the mandibular morphology concerning mandibular body and ramus. The objective of this study was to find out the mean value of gonial angle in lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients of orthodontic department in a tertiary care center. Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the Department of Orthodontics at People’s Dental College and Hospital between 8th December 2020 to 8th February 2021 at People’s Dental College and Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal after obtaining Ethical approval (Reference Number. 01, CH100 09,2077/2078) by the Institutional Review Committee. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect 166 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms radiographs of patients between 17-30 years. Data were collected and entered using Statistical Package of Social Science 16. Results: The mean value of gonial angle on lateral cephalogram radiographs was 132.84±3.70 in hyperdivergent, 119.94±5.57 in hypodivergent and 124.06±3.88 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns and between male and female were 132.52±4.32, 133.07±3.28 in hyperdivergent, 121.46±3.78, 119.14±6.42 in hypodivergent and 123.74±5.14, 123.94±3.90 in normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of Orthodontic Patients. Conclusions: The gonial angle value on lateral cephalometric radiographs was greater in hyperdivergent than hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns. The hyperdivergent vertical skeletal pattern of female was greater than of male patient’s lateral cephalometric radiographs while hypodivergent and normodivergent vertical skeletal patterns of males were greater than female lateral cephalogram radiographs of Nepalese orthodontic patients.

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Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/pr.2012.42 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Maria Carmen Collado ◽

Kirsi Laitinen ◽

Seppo Salminen ◽

Erika Isolauri

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Immunomodulatory Potential ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

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Infant feeding practice on growth velocity in 4-6 month-olds

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi58.1.2018.36-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joko Kurniawan ◽

Alifah Anggraini ◽

Madarina Julia

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Growth Velocity ◽

Failure To Thrive ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Complementary Food ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background In developing countries, 5-10% of infants suffer from failure to thrive. Adequate feeding is the most crucial factor for optimal growth in early life.Objective To assess the differences in growth velocity at 4 to 6 months of age, based on the infant feeding practices.Methods This cross-sectional study involving 4 to 6 month-old babies from 6 public health centres in Yogyakarta was performed from August to November 2016. Data on body weight, and growth velocity as they related to weight at birth were collected. Subjects were divided into groups according to their feeding practices.Results Of 173 subjects, 130 (75%) infants were exclusively breastfed, 19 infants (11%) were given breast milk and formula, 14 (8%) infants were given breast milk and complementary food (8%), and 10 (6%) infants were given formula and complementary food. The mean growth velocity z-scores by group were as follows: exclusively breastfed 0.04 (SD 1.15) (95%CI -0.16 to 0.24), breast milk and formula -0.61 (SD 0.84) (95%CI -1.01 to -0.21), breast milk and complementary food -0.69 (SD 1.14) (95%CI -1.35 to -0.04), formula and complementary food 0.23 (SD 1.50) (95%CI: -0.84 to 1.31). The mean difference in growth velocity between the exclusively breastfed vs. breast milk and formula groups was 0.65 (SD 0.28) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.20; P=0.02); vs. breast milk and complementary food was 0.73 (SD 0.32) (95%CI: 0.10 to 1.37; P=0.02); and vs. formula and complementary food was -0.19 (SD 0.37) (95%CI: -0.93 to 0.55; P=0.61).Conclusion Exclusively breastfed have the most optimal growth velocity compared to infants who experience other feeding practices.

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Associated factors with excessive weight gain in pregnant women from Maceió, Northeastern Brazil

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-81232020258.23492018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 3017-3026

Author(s):

Raphaela Costa Ferreira ◽

Micaely Cristina dos Santos Tenório ◽

Marilene Brandão Tenório ◽

Carolina Santos Mello ◽

Alane Cabral Menezes de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Maternal Hyperglycemia

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the associated factors with excessive weight gain in pregnant women from Maceió, the capital of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study with pregnant women attended in public health in the city of Maceió in 2014, of which socioeconomic, clinical (glycemia, capillary hemoglobin, and blood pressure measurement), dietary, and anthropometric data, including in the latter gestational weight gain, classified as insufficient, adequate and excessive according to the US Institute of Medicine, were collected. The combination of excessive weight gain with the independent variables was tested using the Poisson regression expressed by the Prevalence Ratio (PR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI95%). We studied 403 pregnant women with a mean age of 24.08 ± 6.01 years, with 19.9% of them displayed insufficient weight gain; 14.1% displayed adequate weight gain, and 66.0% displayed excessive weight gain, that was associated with maternal hyperglycemia (PR = 1.35; CI95% = 1.17 to 1.57; p < 0.001). Excessive weight gain is common among pregnant women evaluated with the association of this variable with maternal hyperglycemia.

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Long-Term Outcomes of Patients with Central Precocious Puberty due to Hypothalamic Hamartoma after GnRHa Treatment: Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Reproductive Aspects

Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1159/000477584 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carolina O. Ramos ◽

Ana C. Latronico ◽

Priscilla Cukier ◽

Delanie B. Macedo ◽

Danielle S. Bessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Precocious Puberty ◽

Final Height ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Central Precocious Puberty ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hypothalamic Hamartoma ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

The Mean

Background: Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) represents the commonest cause of organic central precocious puberty (CPP). Follow-up of these patients in adulthood is scarce. Objective: To describe the anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive parameters of patients with CPP due to HH before and after treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa). Methods: We performed a retrospective and cross-sectional study in a single tertiary center including 14 patients (7 females) with CPP due to HH. Results: The mean duration of GnRHa treatment was 7.7 ± 2.4 years in boys and 7.9 ± 2.1 years in girls. GnRHa treatment was interrupted at the mean chronological age (CA) of 12.1 ± 1.1 years in boys and 10.7 ± 0.5 years in girls. At the last visit, the mean CA of the male and female patients was 21.5 ± 3.2 and 24 ± 3.9 years, respectively. Eleven of the 14 patients reached normal final height (FH) (standard deviation score -0.6 ± 0.9 for males and -0.6 ± 0.5 for females), all of them within the target height (TH) range. The remaining 3 patients had predicted height within the TH range. The mean body mass index and the percentage of body fat mass was significantly higher in females, with a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders. All patients presented normal gonadal function in adulthood, and 3 males fathered a child. Conclusion: All patients with CPP due to HH reached normal FH or near-FH. A higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypercholesterolemia was observed in the female patients. Finally, no reproductive disorder was identified in both sexes, indicating that HH per se has no deleterious effect on the gonadotropic axis in adulthood.

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Intestinal Enterococcus abundance correlates inversely with excessive weight gain and increased plasma leptin in breastfed infants

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Martin Frederik Laursen ◽

Melanie Wange Larsson ◽

Mads Vendelbo Lind ◽

Anni Larnkjær ◽

Christian Mølgaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Large Body ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Excessive Weight Gain ◽

Breastfed Infants ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Small Subgroup ◽

Plasma Leptin

ABSTRACT Epidemiological evidence indicates that breastfeeding provides protection against development of overweight/obesity. Nonetheless, a small subgroup of infants undergo excessive weight gain during exclusive breastfeeding, a phenomenon that remains unexplained. Breast milk contains both gut-seeding microbes and substrates for microbial growth in the gut of infants, and a large body of evidence suggests a role for gut microbes in host metabolism. Based on the recently established SKOT III cohort, we investigated the role of the infant gut microbiota in excessive infant weight gain during breastfeeding, including 30 exclusively breastfed infants, 13 of which exhibited excessive weight gain and 17 controls which exhibited normal weight gain during infancy. Infants undergoing excessive weight gain during breastfeeding had a reduced abundance of gut Enterococcus as compared with that observed in the controls. Within the complete cohort, Enterococcus abundance correlated inversely with age/gender-adjusted body-weight, body-mass index and waist circumference, body fat and levels of plasma leptin. The reduced abundance of Enterococcus in infants with excessive weight gain was coupled to a lower content of Enterococcus in breast milk samples of their mothers than seen for mothers in the control group. Together, this suggests that lack of breast milk-derived gut-seeding Enterococci may contribute to excessive weight gain in breastfed infants.

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