Microalgal–bacterial consortia unveil distinct physiological changes to facilitate growth of microalgae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isiri Adhiwarie Perera ◽  
Sudharsanam Abinandan ◽  
Suresh R Subashchandrabose ◽  
Kadiyala Venkateswarlu ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Variovorax Paradoxus ◽  
Tetradesmus Obliquus

Abstract Physiological changes that drive the microalgal–bacterial consortia are poorly understood so far. In the present novel study, we initially assessed five morphologically distinct microalgae for their ability in establishing consortia in Bold's basal medium with a bacterial strain, Variovorax paradoxus IS1, all isolated from wastewaters. Tetradesmus obliquus IS2 and Coelastrella sp. IS3 were further selected for gaining insights into physiological changes including those of metabolomes in consortia involving V. paradoxus IS1. The distinct parameters investigated were pigments (chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipids, and metabolites that are implicated in major metabolic pathways. There was a significant increase (>1.2-fold) in pigments, viz., chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, decrease in ROS, and enhanced lipid yield (>2-fold) in consortia than in individual cultures. In addition, the differential regulation of cellular metabolites such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and phytohormones was distinct among the two microalgal–bacterial consortia. Our results thus indicate that the selected microalgal strains, T. obliquus IS2 and Coelastrella sp. IS3, developed efficient consortia with V. paradoxus IS1 by effecting the required physiological changes including metabolomics. Such microalgal–bacterial consortia could largely be used in wastewater treatment and for production of value-added metabolites.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase in healthy and cancer cells explains why V-ATPase inhibition selectively kills cancer cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 (46) ◽  
pp. 17239-17248
Author(s):  
Karin Bartel ◽  
Rolf Müller ◽  
Karin von Schwarzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Atpase Inhibitors ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Atpase Inhibition

The cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic hub regulating various pathways involved in tumor metabolism. Here we report that vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibition differentially affects regulation of AMPK in tumor and nontumor cells and that this differential regulation contributes to the selectivity of V-ATPase inhibitors for tumor cells. In nonmalignant cells, the V-ATPase inhibitor archazolid increased phosphorylation and lysosomal localization of AMPK. We noted that AMPK localization has a prosurvival role, as AMPK silencing decreased cellular growth rates. In contrast, in cancer cells, we found that AMPK is constitutively active and that archazolid does not affect its phosphorylation and localization. Moreover, V-ATPase–independent AMPK induction in tumor cells protected them from archazolid-induced cytotoxicity, further underlining the role of AMPK as a prosurvival mediator. These observations indicate that AMPK regulation is uncoupled from V-ATPase activity in cancer cells and that this makes them more susceptible to cell death induction by V-ATPase inhibitors. In both tumor and healthy cells, V-ATPase inhibition induced a distinct metabolic regulatory cascade downstream of AMPK, affecting ATP and NADPH levels, glucose uptake, and reactive oxygen species production. We could attribute the prosurvival effects to AMPK's ability to maintain redox homeostasis by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and maintaining NADPH levels. In summary, the results of our work indicate that V-ATPase inhibition has differential effects on AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation in cancer and healthy cells and explain the tumor-specific cytotoxicity of V-ATPase inhibition.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species as the Brainbox in Malaria Treatment

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1872
Author(s):  
Chinedu Ogbonnia Egwu ◽  
Jean-Michel Augereau ◽  
Karine Reybier ◽  
Françoise Benoit-Vical
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Several measures are in place to combat the worldwide spread of malaria, especially in regions of high endemicity. In part, most common antimalarials, such as quinolines and artemisinin and its derivatives, deploy an ROS-mediated approach to kill malaria parasites. Although some antimalarials may share similar targets and mechanisms of action, varying levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may account for their varying pharmacological activities. Regardless of the numerous approaches employed currently and in development to treat malaria, concerningly, there has been increasing development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum, which can be connected to the ability of the parasites to manage the oxidative stress from ROS produced under steady or treatment states. ROS generation has remained the mainstay in enforcing the antiparasitic activity of most conventional antimalarials. However, a combination of conventional drugs with ROS-generating ability and newer drugs that exploit vital metabolic pathways, such antioxidant machinery, could be the way forward in effective malaria control.

Growth Performance and Nutritional Value of Chlorella ellipsoidea in Fertilizer Factory Effluent Media

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. TOYUB ◽  
S.R. AHMED ◽  
M. I. MIAH ◽  
M. A. B. HABIB
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Chlorella Ellipsoidea ◽  
Green Alga Chlorella ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

The growth performance of green alga, Chlorella ellipsoidea was studied in a laboratory in different concentrations of fertilizer factory effluent media (FFEM). Five different concentrations viz. 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60% of FFEM and bold basal medium (BBM) (control) were used with three replications for a period of three months. Each trial was done for a period of 16 days. The initial cell density of C. ellipsoidea was 2.5×105 cells.ml-1 which attained a maximum density of 198.49x105 cells.ml-1 in BBM followed by 182.07, 157.41, 142.34, 137.57 and 121.35 (x105 cells. ml-1) in 50, 55, 45, 60 and 40 % FFEM, respectively on the 10th day of culture. A similar trend was observed in the case of chlorophyll a content and the range was 5.85 to 9.39 mg.l-1. The specific growth rate (SGR, μ.day-1) on the basis of cell number and chlorophyll a were found at 0.40 to 0.44 and 0.41 to 0.45, respectively and was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BBM. The total biomass was found at 629.13 and 541.36 mg.l-1 in BBM and 50% FFEM, respectively. The overall growth performance of C. ellipsoidea was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 50% FFEM than in other concentrations of FFEM. The cultured microalga was found nutritionally rich.

scholarly journals Dietary antioxidants attenuate the endocrine stress response during long-duration flight of a migratory bird

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Casagrande ◽  
Kristen J. DeMoranville ◽  
Lisa Trost ◽  
Barbara Pierce ◽  
Amadeusz Bryła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Endocrine Stress Response ◽  
Migrating Birds

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are metabolic hormones that promote catabolic processes, which release stored energy and support high metabolic demands such as during prolonged flights of migrating birds. Dietary antioxidants (e.g. anthocyanins) support metabolism by quenching excess reactive oxygen species produced during aerobic metabolism and also by activating specific metabolic pathways. For example, similar to GCs' function, anthocyanins promote the release of stored energy, although the extent of complementarity between GCs and dietary antioxidants is not well known. If anthocyanins complement GCs functions, birds consuming anthocyanin-rich food can be expected to limit the secretion of GCs when coping with a metabolically challenging activity, avoiding the exposure to potential hormonal detrimental effects. We tested this hypothesis in European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) flying in a wind tunnel. We compared levels of corticosterone, the main avian GC, immediately after a sustained flight and at rest for birds that were fed diets with or without an anthocyanin supplement. As predicted, we found (i) higher corticosterone after flight than at rest in both diet groups and (ii) anthocyanin-supplemented birds had less elevated corticosterone after flight than unsupplemented control birds. This provides novel evidence that dietary antioxidants attenuate the activation of the HPA axis (i.e. increased secretion of corticosterone) during long-duration flight.

scholarly journals Ferroptosis in plants: triggers, proposed mechanisms, and the role of iron in modulating cell death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelén Mariana Distéfano ◽  
Gabriel Alejandro López ◽  
Nicolás Setzes ◽  
Fernanda Marchetti ◽  
Maximiliano Cainzos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death Pathway ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Regulated cell death plays key roles during essential processes throughout the plant life cycle. It takes part in specific developmental programs and maintains homeostasis of the organism in response to unfavorable environments. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron-dependent cell death pathway characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. In plants, ferroptosis shares all the main hallmarks described in other systems. Those specific features include biochemical and morphological signatures that seem to be conserved among species. However, plant cells have specific metabolic pathways and a high degree of metabolic compartmentalization. Together with their particular morphology, these features add more complexity to the plant ferroptosis pathway. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in elucidating the roles of ferroptosis in plants, focusing on specific triggers, the main players, and underlying pathways.

Differential Regulation of the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Th1 Cytokine–Treated Thyroid Cells

Thyroid ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ides M. Colin ◽  
Sylvie Poncin ◽  
Philippe Levêque ◽  
Bernard Gallez ◽  
Anne-Catherine Gérard
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Th1 Cytokine
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