scholarly journals Role of PMK-1/p38 MAPK defense in Caenorhabditis elegans against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection during host–pathogen interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumugam Kamaladevi ◽  
Krishnaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals The Role of Macrophages in the Host’s Defense against Sporothrix schenckii

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Estela Ruiz-Baca ◽  
Armando Pérez-Torres ◽  
Yolanda Romo-Lozano ◽  
Daniel Cervantes-García ◽  
Carlos A. Alba-Fierro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The role of immune cells associated with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii is not yet fully clarified. Macrophages through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Sporothrix, engulf it, activate respiratory burst, and secrete pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory biological mediators to control infection. It is important to consider that the characteristics associated with S. schenckii and/or the host may influence macrophage polarization (M1/M2), cell recruitment, and the type of immune response (1, 2, and 17). Currently, with the use of new monocyte-macrophage cell lines, it is possible to evaluate different host–pathogen interaction processes, which allows for the proposal of new mechanisms in human sporotrichosis. Therefore, in order to contribute to the understanding of these host–pathogen interactions, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the immune responses induced by macrophage-S. schenckii interactions, as well as the PRRs and PAMPs involved during the recognition of S. schenckii that favor the immune evasion by the fungus.

scholarly journals Senescence and Host–Pathogen Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Humphreys ◽  
Mohamed ElGhazaly ◽  
Teresa Frisan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Innate Defence

Damage to our genomes triggers cellular senescence characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory secretome that prevents the unrestricted growth of cells with pathological potential. In this way, senescence can be considered a powerful innate defence against cancer and viral infection. However, damage accumulated during ageing increases the number of senescent cells and this contributes to the chronic inflammation and deregulation of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to infectious disease in ageing organisms. Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host–pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease.

scholarly journals Structural Differences Influence Biological Properties of Glucosylceramides from Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Scedosporium aurantiacum and Pseudallescheria minutispora

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Caneppa ◽  
Jardel de Meirelles ◽  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Mariana Xisto ◽  
Livia Liporagi-Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Pseudallescheria Boydii ◽  
Cell Surface Molecule ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Conserved Epitope

Scedosporium/Lomentospora complex is composed of filamentous fungi, including some clinically relevant species, such as Pseudallescheria boydii, Scedosporium aurantiacum, and Scedosporium apiospermum. Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), a conserved neutral glycosphingolipid, has been described as an important cell surface molecule playing a role in fungal morphological transition and pathogenesis. The present work aimed at the evaluation of GlcCer structures in S. aurantiacum and Pseudallescheria minutispora, a clinical and an environmental isolate, respectively, in order to determine their participation in fungal growth and host-pathogen interactions. Structural analysis by positive ion-mode ESI-MS (electrospray ionization mass spectrometer) revealed the presence of different ceramide moieties in GlcCer in these species. Monoclonal antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus GlcCer could recognize S. aurantiacum and P. minutispora conidia, suggesting a conserved epitope in fungal GlcCer. In addition, these antibodies reduced fungal viability, enhanced conidia phagocytosis by macrophages, and decreased fungal survival inside phagocytic cells. Purified GlcCer from both species led to macrophage activation, increasing cell viability as well as nitric oxide and superoxide production in different proportions between the two species. These results evidenced some important properties of GlcCer from species of the Scedosporium/Lomentospora complex, as well as the effects of monoclonal anti-GlcCer antibodies on fungal cells and host-pathogen interaction. The differences between the two species regarding the observed biological properties suggest that variation in GlcCer structures and strain origin could interfere in the role of GlcCer in host-pathogen interaction.

The Role of PARP-1 in Host-Pathogen Interaction and Cellular Stress Responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Qiming Li ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Longxiang Xie ◽  
Mingliang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Stress Responses ◽  
Parp 1

Role of miRNAs in the host–pathogen interaction between sugarcane and Colletotrichum falcatum, the red rot pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nandakumar ◽  
P. Malathi ◽  
A. R. Sundar ◽  
C. P. Rajadurai ◽  
Manuel Philip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals Comparison of proteins expressed during urinary tract infection in young females

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Alsubhi ◽  
Ghadah Alsharif
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Gram-negative bacteria are a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), which is a causative agent of 60-70% of community-acquired infections, about 30% of nosocomial UTIs and 20% of recurrent infections. Materials and methods: Nine urine samples were collected from patients from various clinical departments in King Abdulaziz University Hospital from 2/3/2019 to 2/4/2019. The microbial contents in the urine samples was analysed by urine culture and VITEK analyses. Here, we compared K. pneumoniae proteins profiles to find possible proteins which could shed a light on host-pathogen interactions. The colonies were suspended in a lysing buffer, which then were sonicated, and the proteins contents were separated using 1D SDS-PAGE, analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LC/MS. Proteins showing different expressions in samples were identified by TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer. Results: All of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were ESBL+ and KPC+ as shown on ChromAgar plates. There was no available data on resistance, ESBL or KPC from VITEK2. Hence, ESBL+ or KPC+ data were only obtained from ChromAgar. Additionally, proteomics analysis revealed the following, the total number of different proteins that are expressed from all of the isolates is 2958 proteins. Where in sample U-102, 328 different proteins expressed, 300 different proteins expressed from isolate U-871, 350 different proteins expressed from isolate U-713, in isolate U-755, 378 different proteins were expressed, 207 different proteins expressed from isolate U-754, 305 different proteins expressed from sample U-134, 290 different proteins expressed from isolate U-968, 600 different proteins expressed from isolate U-104, and 200 different proteins expressed from isolate U-659. Conclusion: The different proteins between the UTI patients indicated specific host pathogen interaction, each isolate expressed different proteins than the other isolate could be reasoned by host pathogen interaction. Host pathogen interaction are influenced by numbers of factor: age, gender, immunity, underling health conditions, antibiotic treatment, acute UTI or recurrent infection all of these factor could have an impact on the type of proteins that are expressed during infection. Even though the isolates are Klebsiella pneumoniae from young females with UTI, they expressed different proteins, these proteins could explain evolutionary development of pathogens and survival in urinary niche, as pathogens need to express certain type of proteins to enable them to live and survival in urinary niche.

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