scholarly journals The use of mixture models to detect effects of major genes on quantitative characters in a plant breeding experiment.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
C Jiang ◽  
X Pan ◽  
M Gu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Breeding Experiment ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Dwarf Gene ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Independent Segregation

Abstract An analysis based on Elston's model of mixed major locus and polygenic inheritance is extended to include populations of progeny testing such as F3, B1s and B2s families derived from F2 and backcrosses in a cross between two inbred lines. Genetic hypotheses that can be validly tested by the likelihood ratio method in the analysis of a breeding experiment include homogeneity of variances due to environment and/or polygenes with transformable scale effect by Box-Cox power function, random and independent segregation of major genes, invariance of the effects of major genes with population types and additive and dominant models for polygenes. Testing hypotheses in the order suggested here can lead to a gradual simplification of the models and increases the feasibility of the subsequent analysis, but caution must be paid to the possible bias in parameter estimation and hypotheses tests. The procedure is applied to a set of data on plant height of rice with the effects of dwarf genes in crosses among three varieties. Two recessive dwarf genes are shown to be nonallelic and unlinked. One dwarf gene is shown to reduce plant height about 36-56 cm, and another 52-61 cm. The effect of polygenes, estimated as the standard deviation among possible inbred lines derived from these crosses, is about 11.7 cm. Interactions between the dwarf genes and the polygenic background are found, especially for one of the two genes. Both the polygenic effects and the interactions are much smaller than the effects of the major dwarf genes.

Effects of Dwarf Gene Rht_NM9 on Contents of Endogenous Hormone Regulating Plant Height of Common Wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan LU ◽  
Chao-Fan CUI ◽  
Ping HU ◽  
Pei-Du CHEN ◽  
Xue-Fang SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Endogenous Hormone ◽  
Dwarf Gene

scholarly journals Genetic divergence of exotic inbred lines of maize (Zea mays. L)

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671
Author(s):  
AH Akhi ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
ANMS Karim ◽  
F Begum ◽  
MM Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Total Divergence

Sixty exotic inbred lines of maize from CIMMYT were characterized for a few morphological attributes and grain yield at the experimental field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2013-14. The inbred lines of the existing investigation were grouped into five distinct non-overlapping clusters based on D2 analysis. Cluster II was comprised of the highest number of inbreds whilst cluster III and IV included the lowest number of inbreds. The inter cluster distance was higher than intra cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the genotypes of different groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between clusters II and V (D2 = 15.40) and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (D2 = 2.82). Cluster II exhibited the highest mean values for cob length and cob diameter, cluster V for number of grain /cob and total grain weight. The lowest mean value for plant height & ear height were found in cluster II and cluster IV for days to pollen shedding and days to silking. Days to silking, plant height, cob length (cm), number of rows /cob, number of grains /cob showed maximum contribution towards total divergence among different characters. The inbred lines were characterized for their morphological traits and kernel yield to achieve more heterotic partners to get higher heterosis.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 665-671, December 2017

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Analysis of Dwarf Gene Mini Plant 1 (MNP1) in Medicago truncatula

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4968
Author(s):  
Shiqi Guo ◽  
Xiaojia Zhang ◽  
Quanzi Bai ◽  
Weiyue Zhao ◽  
Yuegenwang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarf Gene ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Plant height is a vital agronomic trait that greatly determines crop yields because of the close relationship between plant height and lodging resistance. Legumes play a unique role in the worldwide agriculture; however, little attention has been given to the molecular basis of their height. Here, we characterized the first dwarf mutant mini plant 1 (mnp1) of the model legume plant Medicago truncatula. Our study found that both cell length and the cell number of internodes were reduced in a mnp1 mutant. Using the forward genetic screening and subsequent whole-genome resequencing approach, we cloned the MNP1 gene and found that it encodes a putative copalyl diphosphate synthase (CPS) implicated in the first step of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. MNP1 was highly homologous to Pisum sativum LS. The subcellular localization showed that MNP1 was located in the chloroplast. Further analysis indicated that GA3 could significantly restore the plant height of mnp1-1, and expression of MNP1 in a cps1 mutant of Arabidopsis partially rescued its mini-plant phenotype, indicating the conservation function of MNP1 in GA biosynthesis. Our results provide valuable information for understanding the genetic regulation of plant height in M. truncatula.

Pratt timothy

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
D. Gehl ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Papadopoulos, Y. A., Christie, B. R., McRae, K. B., Gehl, D. and Fillmore, S. A. E. 2015. Pratt timothy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1047–1048. Pratt timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an 11-clone synthetic cultivar developed through progeny testing for general combining ability at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Pratt timothy was selected for winter hardiness, plant vigour, plant height, and intermediate maturity (similar to the check cultivar Climax but later than Champ). In Atlantic Canada, Pratt timothy produced more forage than Champ during 3 production years. This cultivar was superior in persistence and re-growth potential with greater production of second-cut herbage.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Candidate Genes That Affect Plant Height in Chinese Elite Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e29229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Weng ◽  
Chuanxiao Xie ◽  
Zhuanfang Hao ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Changlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Predicting the range of inbreeding depression of inbred lines in cross-pollinated populations

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Souza Jr. ◽  
J.S.C. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Two Generations

The objectives of this paper were to derive the genetic variance of inbreeding depression (<img SRC="Image482.gif" WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="33"> ) and to predict the range of inbreeding depression (RID) in cross-pollinated populations. The variance of inbreeding depression is a function of the genetic variances related to dominance effects (<img SRC="Image483.gif" WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="33">, D2, and <img SRC="Image484.gif" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="25">), and of the inbreeding coefficients of the two generations in which inbreeding depression is measured (Ft and Fg). The results showed that the higher the level of dominance of a trait, the higher the variance of inbreeding depression. The magnitudes of <img SRC="Image485.gif" WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="33">were expected to be lower in improved (mean gene frequencies = <img SRC="Image486.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25">> 0.6) and in unimproved (<img SRC="Image487.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25"> < 0.4) populations, than in composite populations (<img SRC="Image487.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25"> <FONT FACE="Symbol">»</font> 0.5). Data from a maize population used to illustrate the study showed that the range of inbreeding depression in the S<FONT FACE="Symbol">¥</font> generation of selfing was from 48.7% to 85.3% for grain yield, and from 13.9% to 24.5% for plant height. A mating design outlined to estimate the genetic variance of inbreeding depression, the range of inbreeding depression, and of the range of inbred lines is presented.

scholarly journals Heterosis for Horticultural Traits in Broccoli

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 990C-990
Author(s):  
Anna L. Hale ◽  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Almost All

Over the last 3 decades, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group) hybrids made by crossing two inbred lines replaced open-pollinated populations to become the predominant type of cultivar. The change to hybrids evolved with little or no understanding of heterosis or hybrid vigor in this crop. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine levels of heterosis expressed by a set of hybrids derived by crossing relatively elite, modern inbreds (n = 9). A total of 36 hybrids formed by crossing nine parents were evaluated for horticultural characters, including head weight, head stem diameter, plant height, plant width (in a row), and maturity (e.g., days from transplant to harvest) in four environments. When averaged across all four environments, roughly half of the hybrids exhibited high parent heterosis for head weight (1 to 30 g) and stem diameter (0.2 to 3.5 cm). Almost all hybrids showed high parent heterosis for plant height (1 to 10 cm) and width (2 to 13 cm). Unlike other traits, there was negative heterosis for maturity, indicating that heterosis for this character in hybrids is expressed as earliness. With modern broccoli inbreds, heterosis for head characteristics appears less important than for traits that measure plant vigor.

scholarly journals Heterosis for seed yield and yield components in sunflower

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Hladni ◽  
Dragan Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Fertility Restorers ◽  
Agronomically Important Traits

The development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization requires information on the heterotic effects for agronomically important traits in the F, generation. Heterotic effects for seed yield, plant height and head diameter were studied in interspecific sunflower hybrids developed by the line x tester method. The female inbred lines were developed by interspecific hybridization, while the male restorer inbreds with good combining abilities were used as testers in the form of fertility restorers. F, hybrids were obtained by crossing each tester with each female inbred. The inbred lines and their F, hybrids differed significantly in their mean values of the traits under study. Heterosis values for seed yield per plant were positive and highly significant relative to both the parental mean (98.4-274.1%) and the better parent (54.8-223.2%). Significantly less heterosis was recorded in the case of plant height relative to parental mean (19.0-66.0%) and better parent (-3.9-51.6%). With head diameter, the heterotic effect ranged from 19.0 to 55.6% (parental mean) and from 7.8 to 36.6% (better parent). The results of this study may be used for the development of new high-yielding and stable sunflower hybrids based on interspecific hybridization.

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