scholarly journals The Differential Impact of Retirement on Informal Caregiving, Volunteering, and Grandparenting: Results of a Three-Year Panel Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Grünwald ◽  
Marleen Damman ◽  
Kène Henkens
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Conditional Change Models ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract Objectives Research on retirees’ engagement in informal caregiving, formal volunteering, and grandparenting often views retirement as a permanent exit from the workforce. Retirement processes are, however, increasingly diverse: some retire fully while others remain in paid work after retirement from a career job. A relevant but understudied question is how these different retirement processes relate to changes in engagement in unpaid productive activities. Building on role theory, we hypothesize that full and working retirees face different consequences of retirement and, therefore, differ in engagement in unpaid productive activities. Methods We analyze data that were collected in 2015 and 2018 among 4,882 Dutch individuals aged 60-65 and employed at baseline. Around half had fully retired at follow-up and ten percent worked after their retirement. At follow-up, more respondents are regularly volunteering (from 17% to 27%) and grandparenting (from 39% to 53%) than at baseline, while caregiving remains rather stable (from 33% to 30%). Results Conditional change models show that full retirement is associated with an increased likelihood of volunteering and grandparenting, but not caregiving. Engagement in post-retirement work is related to an increased likelihood of looking after the grandchildren, but not to volunteering or providing informal care. Discussion Our findings suggest that volunteering is important for replacing weak ties after full retirement, while grandparenting might be a new, central role in retirement – irrespective of work engagement. Retirees seem to engage in unpaid productive activities for different reasons.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF RETIREMENT ON VOLUNTEERING FREQUENCY: EVIDENCE FROM A NEW PANEL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S129-S129
Author(s):  
Olga Grunwald ◽  
Marleen Damman ◽  
Kène Henkens
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Educational Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Retirement is a major life transition. People gain a considerable amount of free time, but also loose the benefits from work. Volunteering has been identified as a gratifying way to fill that time and to compensate some retirement-related losses, but is stratified by educational level. Research on how retirement changes volunteering behavior, particularly among different educational groups, is scarce. This study aims to fill this gap. Based on role theory, we hypothesize that the transition into retirement expands levels of volunteering, and that this effect will be relatively strong for the higher educated. METHODS: We use two-wave panel data that were collected in 2015 and 2018 among 5,312 Dutch individuals who were aged 60-65 and employed at baseline. Around half has retired at follow-up (N=2,618). RESULTS: Descriptive findings show that the share of frequent volunteers (i.e., at least once a week) was around 18% at baseline. At follow-up, the share of frequent volunteers rose to 36% among those who retired, but did not change among those who remained employed. Conditional change models show that transitioning into retirement significantly increases volunteering frequency, when controlling for demographic factors and individual resources. As hypothesized, the effect of retirement is relatively strong for the higher educated. DISCUSSION: To deal with the life changes upon retirement, volunteering appears to be an often-used strategy, in particular among the higher educated. Whether this is motivated by work role loss (compensation), or reflects having more time to ‘do good’ (opportunity) is an important question for future research.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Paid and Unpaid Activities Among People Aged 50–69 in Denmark, France, Italy, and England

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Di Gessa ◽  
Emily Grundy
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
The Relationship

In the context of the current policy emphasis on extending working lives, we investigate whether the relationship between participation in paid work, other formal, and informal activities among people aged 50–69 is complementary or competitive. We also investigate differences in associations between countries using comparable longitudinal data from Denmark, France, Italy, and England. We find positive associations between informal and formal engagement in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Paid work was negatively associated with formal and informal engagement, and respondents who stopped working were more likely to be engaged in formal (Denmark and France) and informal activities (England and Italy) at follow-up than respondents who continued working. However, the strongest predictor of formal and informal engagement at follow-up was baseline engagement. In the context of policy aims to extend working lives and broaden older people’s participation in other productive activities, new balances between work and other forms of engagement are still to be found.

scholarly journals Work Participation among Women and Men in Sweden: A Register Study of 8.5 Million Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4642
Author(s):  
Katriina Heikkilä ◽  
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Marianna Virtanen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
The Life Course

Observational research studies from various countries suggest that women’s working patterns across the life course are often fragmented compared to men’s. The aim of our investigation was to use nationwide register data from Sweden to examine the extent to which generation and time of entry to the work force explain the sex differences in work participation across the life course. Our analyses were based on individual-level data on 4,182,581 women and 4,279,571 men, who were 19–69 years old and resident in Sweden in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, or 2015. Data on income and number of net days on disability pension, obtained from multiple linked registers, were used to ascertain each individual’s main activity (in paid work, on disability pension, and not in paid work) each year. Years in paid work and on disability pension were calculated as the sums of years spent in either of these states from age 19 to 69 years. We used negative binomial regression to model the associations of generation and baseline year with years in paid work and years on disability pension. All models were run separately for women and men, with the duration of follow-up constrained to one, to account for the different follow-up times between individuals. Overall, the number of years in paid work across the life course was larger among men than women, and men entered into the workforce earlier. The difference between women and men was similar across generations and time periods. Adjustment for education, income, number of children aged <18 years living at home, country of birth, and the type of residential area had minimal impact on the estimates. Our findings suggest that women spend fewer years in paid work across the life course than men, highlighting the need for continued efforts to close the gender gap in work participation.

Data warehousing management issues in online recruiting

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Binshan Lin ◽  
Victoria S. Stasinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Online Recruiting ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
Job Candidates ◽  
Management Issues ◽  
Analyze Data

Online recruiting is becoming one of the major trends in Human Resource Management. Managers are capable of finding quickly and efficiently qualified candidates to fill variety of professional positions within United States and overseas. Varieties of websites were created online to store resumes for the employer's search in the form of database warehouses and datamarts. Datamarts target specific segments of the employment opportunities. Managers run queries to search and analyze data abstracted from these large databases. Major issues for managers in using online recruitment present accuracy, verifiability, and accountability of the data selected. An obstacle for potential employees using online employment services is the privacy of the data submitted by them from current employers and other websites collecting their personal data without consent for marketing purposes. Another issue in online employment databases remains inefficiencies in the ways the data is be retrieved, stored and analyzed. The lack of personal touch during online employment limits communicational flow between potential employees and the employer, leading to the frustrations of the job candidates and missed opportunities on the behalf of the employers. A follow-up service from the site can serve as a communicational link in the process.

scholarly journals Returning to Unpaid Work after Stroke: The Psychosocial Outcomes in Stroke Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheryl Carcel ◽  
Sara Farnbach ◽  
Beverley M. Essue ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Nick Glozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
South Wales

Background: While returning to paid work is a crucial marker of stroke recovery, little is known about the differences in unpaid work by sex following stroke. We aimed to determine the sex differences in participation in unpaid work 12 months after stroke. Methods: Psychosocial outcomes in stroke were a prospective, multicentre observational study that recruited individuals, 18–64 years, within 28 days of stroke from New South Wales, Australia. Unpaid work was defined as ≥5 h per week of one or more of: unpaid domestic work for the household; unpaid care of others; looking after own children without pay or looking after someone else’s children without pay. Data was collected before stroke, 28 days (baseline), 6 and 12 months follow-up. Results: Eighty per cent of women and 52% of men engaged in ≥5 h per week of unpaid work before stroke. At 12 months after, 69% of women and 53% of men completed ≥5 h of unpaid work per week. For women, there was a significant association between participation in unpaid work at 12 months and having financially dependent children (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.08–6.59). A return to unpaid work in men was associated with participation in unpaid work before stroke (OR 3.74; 95% CI 2.14–6.53). Conclusions: More women are engaged in unpaid work before and at 12 months after stroke, but there is a reduction in the proportion of women returning to unpaid work at 12 months not seen in men. Consideration may need to be given to the development of rehabilitation strategies targeted at the specific needs of stroke survivors.

Care Continuity and Care Coordination: A Preliminary Examination of Their Effects on Hospitalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755872090388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Chen Chen ◽  
Shou-Hsia Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Care Coordination ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Levels Of Care ◽  
Care Continuity ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Comorbidity Scores ◽  
The Right

Both care continuity and care coordination are important features of the health care system. However, little is known about the relationship between care continuity and care coordination, their effects on hospitalizations, and whether these effects vary across patients with various levels of comorbidity. This study employed a panel study design with a 3-year follow-up from 2007 to 2011 in Taiwan’s universal health coverage system. Patients aged 18 years or older who were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2007 were included in the study. We found that the correlation between care continuity and care coordination was low. Patients with higher levels of care continuity or care coordination were less likely to experience hospitalization for diabetes-related conditions. Furthermore, both care continuity and care coordination showed stronger effects for patients with higher comorbidity scores. Improving care continuity and coordination for patients with multiple chronic conditions is the right direction for policymakers.

scholarly journals Workplace bullying and depressive symptoms among employees in Germany: prospective associations regarding severity and the role of the perpetrator

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Lange ◽  
Hermann Burr ◽  
Uwe Rose ◽  
Paul Maurice Conway
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Nonsignificant Effect ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of self-reported workplace bullying on depressive symptoms in a prospective study among a representative sample of employees from Germany. We focused specifically on the role of the perpetrator (co-workers and superiors), which was never done before in a longitudinal design. Methods We used data from a nation-wide representative panel study with a 5-year follow-up (N = 2172). Data on bullying exposure were obtained separately for different perpetrators (co-workers and superiors) and degree of severity (severe bullying, i.e., at least weekly). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). We used logistic regression analyses to examine the effect of workplace bullying at baseline on depressive symptoms at follow-up. Results After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms, severe bullying by co-workers significantly increased the 5-year risk of depressive symptoms (OR = 2.50). Severe bullying by superiors had a nonsignificant effect. Conclusions Workplace bullying is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among employees in Germany. The type of perpetrator seems to be an important factor to consider, as indicated by the elevated risk of depressive symptoms when bullying is perpetrated by co-workers.

scholarly journals Job demands & control among employees in Sweden aged 55-64 and labour market status 11 years later

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Farrants ◽  
K Alexanderson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Status ◽  
High Control ◽  
Labour Market Status

Abstract Background As discussions about extending working lives are ongoing, more knowledge is warranted on how psychosocial working conditions are associated with labour market status in older age. Aim Among employees aged 55-64 years, explore associations between job demands/control with their labour market status 11 years later, using a job exposure matrix (JEM). Methods A population-based prospective cohort study using nationwide register data. All 616,818 individuals in Sweden who in 2001 were in paid work and aged 55-64, were categorized using JEM into 9 groups, based on tertiles. They were followed up in 2012 regarding their labour market status (main income from: paid work, old-age pension, marginalised (no income/social assistance), sickness absence &gt;183 net days, emigrated, dead) using multinomial logistic regression for odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for labour market status and sociodemographics in 2001. Analyses were stratified by sex. Results The majority (women: 84.9%, men: 80.3%) had main income from old-age pension at the 11-year follow-up; 4.7% from paid work (women: 3.9%, men: 5.6%). Those initially in jobs with high demands were less likely to be marginalised at follow-up (OR women high demands/medium control 0.51, CI 0.38-0.68, high demands/high control 0.68, CI 0.50-0.92; OR men high demands/medium control 0.55, CI 0.31-0.96, high demands/high control 0.47, CI 0.30-0.73). Those in occupations with low demands were less likely to be in paid work (OR women low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.62, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69; OR men low demands/low control 0.56, CI 0.51-0.63, low demands/medium control 0.63, CI 0.58-0.69). Conclusions High job demands with high job control among people aged 55-64 in 2001 were associated with higher rate and OR of having main income from paid work in 2012, and high job demands regardless of level of job control were associated with less marginalisation. Key messages Levels of job demands when aged 55-64 were associated with labour market status 11 years later for women and men, while levels of job control were less so. High job demands were associated with a higher likelihood of being in paid work and lower likelihood of being marginalised at the end of follow-up.

A follow-up of the introduction of a maximum entitlement period for receiving sickness benefits in Sweden: A nationwide register-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Marjan Vaez ◽  
Ola Leijon ◽  
Anders Wikman ◽  
Tora Nord ◽  
Ulrik Lidwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sickness Benefits ◽  
High Educational

In 2008, Sweden introduced a policy change to limit the number of days for sickness benefits (SB). This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of those who reached the maximum entitlement period for receiving sickness benefits (MEPSB) and their future main source of income. Methods: All 5,309,759 individuals, aged 20–63 and residents of Sweden in 2009 were followed from July 2008 to July 2010 regarding SB-days and date of MEPSB and then categorised into three groups: I) no SB-days, II) ongoing SB-days, and III) MEPSB. Mean numbers of SB-days 2.5 years before and 2 years after the policy change and main source of income in 2011 were assessed. Associations between sociodemographic factors, occupation and paid work as main source of income were estimated by odds ratio (OR). Results: A total of 0.7% reached MEPSB in 2010. The mean numbers of SB-days before and after the policy change were higher in the MEPSB group than in the other two groups. In the MEPSB group, 14% had their main source of income from paid work in 2011; this was more common among women born in Sweden (OR = 1.29), people living with a partner and children (women OR = 1.29; men OR = 1.48), and those with occupations representing high educational levels. Conclusions: One out of seven individuals with MEPSB in 2010 had their main source of income from paid work in 2011, although they had a long-term SB before and after the policy change. Further research is warranted to address the long-term effects of this policy change.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Incidence Rates of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment No Dementia in the Mexican Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mejia-Arango ◽  
Luis Miguel Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mexican Population ◽  
Future Burden ◽  
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia ◽  
Incidence Of Dementia

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) in the Mexican population. Method: The MHAS study is a prospective panel study of health and aging in Mexico with 7,000 elders that represent eight million participants nationally. Using measurements of cognition and activities of daily living of dementia cases and CIND were identified at baseline and follow-up. Overall incidence rates and specific rates for sex, age, and education were calculated. Results: Prevalence was 6.1% and 28.7% for dementia and CIND, respectively. Incidence rates were 27.3 per 1,000 person-years for dementia and 223 per 1,000 persons-year for CIND. Rates of dementia and CIND increased with advancing age and decreased with higher educational level; sex had a differential effect depending on the age strata. Hypertension, diabetes, and depression were risk factors for dementia but not for CIND. Discussion: These data provide estimates of prevalence and incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment in the Mexican population for projection of future burden.

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