scholarly journals Returning to Unpaid Work after Stroke: The Psychosocial Outcomes in Stroke Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheryl Carcel ◽  
Sara Farnbach ◽  
Beverley M. Essue ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Nick Glozier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
New South ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
South Wales

Background: While returning to paid work is a crucial marker of stroke recovery, little is known about the differences in unpaid work by sex following stroke. We aimed to determine the sex differences in participation in unpaid work 12 months after stroke. Methods: Psychosocial outcomes in stroke were a prospective, multicentre observational study that recruited individuals, 18–64 years, within 28 days of stroke from New South Wales, Australia. Unpaid work was defined as ≥5 h per week of one or more of: unpaid domestic work for the household; unpaid care of others; looking after own children without pay or looking after someone else’s children without pay. Data was collected before stroke, 28 days (baseline), 6 and 12 months follow-up. Results: Eighty per cent of women and 52% of men engaged in ≥5 h per week of unpaid work before stroke. At 12 months after, 69% of women and 53% of men completed ≥5 h of unpaid work per week. For women, there was a significant association between participation in unpaid work at 12 months and having financially dependent children (OR 2.67; 95% CI 1.08–6.59). A return to unpaid work in men was associated with participation in unpaid work before stroke (OR 3.74; 95% CI 2.14–6.53). Conclusions: More women are engaged in unpaid work before and at 12 months after stroke, but there is a reduction in the proportion of women returning to unpaid work at 12 months not seen in men. Consideration may need to be given to the development of rehabilitation strategies targeted at the specific needs of stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Post-migration follow-up programme for migrants at increased risk of developing tuberculosis: a cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 00008-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishta Kaushik ◽  
Chris Lowbridge ◽  
Gabriella Scandurra ◽  
Claudia C. Dobler
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Post Entry

Following pre-migration screening for tuberculosis (TB), migrants who are deemed to be at a high risk of developing TB must attend post-entry follow-up in Australia. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of post-migration TB follow-up in the state of New South Wales to diagnose TB in these high-risk migrants.In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the risk of TB in migrants who arrived in New South Wales between 2000 and 2015 and were referred for post-migration follow-up. Clinical notes were examined for a nested cohort to determine whether TB was diagnosedviathe follow-up programme orviapassive case finding.Of the 32 550 migrants referred for follow-up, 428 (1.3%) developed TB. The incidence of TB was 436 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 384–491 per 100 000 person-years) in the first 2 years after arrival and 128 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 116–140 per 100 000 person-years) over the mean study observation period of 10.3 years. An estimated 63% of cases were diagnosedviafollow-up. TB notifications occurred 0.55 years earlier since time of arrival in Australia in migrants who attended follow-up than in those who did not.Post-migration follow-up detected 63% of TB cases in high-risk migrants and potentially prevented delay of TB diagnosis.

scholarly journals High risk groups for severe COVID-19 in a whole of population cohort in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bette Liu ◽  
Paula Spokes ◽  
Wenqiang He ◽  
John Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
New South ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Complete Case ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background Increasing age is the strongest known risk factor for severe COVID-19 disease but information on other factors is more limited. Methods All cases of COVID-19 diagnosed from January–October 2020 in New South Wales Australia were followed for COVID-19-related hospitalisations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths through record linkage. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for severe COVID-19 disease, measured by hospitalisation or death, or very severe COVID-19, measured by ICU admission or death according to age, sex, socioeconomic status and co-morbidities were estimated. Results Of 4054 confirmed cases, 468 (11.5%) were classified as having severe COVID-19 and 190 (4.7%) as having very severe disease. After adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status and comorbidities, increasing age led to the greatest risk of very severe disease. Compared to those 30–39 years, the aHR for ICU or death from COVID-19 was 4.45 in those 70–79 years; 8.43 in those 80–89 years; 16.19 in those 90+ years. After age, relative risks for very severe disease associated with other factors were more moderate: males vs females aHR 1.40 (95%CI 1.04–1.88); immunosuppressive conditions vs none aHR 2.20 (1.35–3.57); diabetes vs none aHR 1.88 (1.33–2.67); chronic lung disease vs none aHR 1.68 (1.18–2.38); obesity vs not obese aHR 1.52 (1.05–2.21). More comorbidities was associated with significantly greater risk; comparing those with 3+ comorbidities to those with none, aHR 5.34 (3.15–9.04). Conclusions In a setting with high COVID-19 case ascertainment and almost complete case follow-up, we found the risk of very severe disease varies by age, sex and presence of comorbidities. This variation should be considered in targeting prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Whole of population-based cohort study of recovery time from COVID-19 in New South Wales Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 100193
Author(s):  
Bette Liu ◽  
Duleepa Jayasundara ◽  
Victoria Pye ◽  
Timothy Dobbins ◽  
Gregory J Dore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Population Based ◽  
South Wales

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Risk of Developing Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Sleep Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1560-1568
Author(s):  
Wei-Sheng Chung ◽  
Hsuan-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Studies that focus on the relationship between sex and the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are scant. The current study investigated the effects of sex differences in the risk of developing ACS in patients with sleep disorders (SDs). This longitudinal population-based cohort study evaluated the incidence and risk of ACS development in 40,232 men and 65,519 women newly diagnosed with SDs between 2002 and 2008 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. The follow-up period began from the entry date and ended on the date of an ACS event or December 31, 2010. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were conducted to estimate the sex differences in the risk of ACS. Men with SDs exhibited an increased incidence of ACS compared with women with SDs in all age- and comorbidity-specific subgroups. After covariates were adjusted, the men with SDs exhibited a 1.48-fold adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of ACS compared with the women with SDs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36-1.60). After age group stratification, the men with SDs in the young adult group exhibited the highest risk of subsequent ACS development compared with the women with SDs (aHR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.69-2.55), followed by those in middle-aged adults (aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.32-1.76) and older adults groups (aHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11-1.39). This study determined that men with SDs, particularly young men, are at a higher risk of subsequent ACS development compared with women with SDs.

Inequalities in end-of-life palliative care by country of birth in New South Wales, Australia: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Möller ◽  
Hassan Assareh ◽  
Joanne M. Stubbs ◽  
Bin Jalaludin ◽  
Helen M. Achat
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
South Wales

Playgroups: Moving in from the Margins of History, Policy and Feminism

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cris Townley
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
New South ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Education And Care

PLAYGROUPS BEGAN IN AUSTRALIA in the early 1970s, at the same time as significant changes in early childhood education and care (ECEC) began taking place. This paper explores how early playgroups were positioned in the ECEC policy, and the experiences of playgroup organisers in New South Wales. Methods used were documentary analysis of Project Care (Social Welfare Commission, 1974) and interviews with key players. Findings were that playgroups grew rapidly in response to grassroots demand from mothers wanting their children to learn through quality play, besides the demand for adult social support. Since Project Care was strongly influenced by feminist lobbying and the objective of enabling women to engage in paid work—and playgroups relied on mothers to deliver the service—playgroups were an uneasy fit in the ECEC policy. Although Project Care integrated playgroups into its recommendations for ECEC services, subsequent funding was at a low level. Today, ECEC services would benefit from a strengthening of the community playgroups model.

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