scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Physical Functioning: A Longitudinal Study of Older Chinese People

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1315-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Hanna Konttinen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen ◽  
Karri Silventoinen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Older Chinese

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of suicide and suicide attempt in northwest of Iran: incidence, predictors, and socioeconomic status and the role of sociocultural status

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhari ◽  
Mostafa Farahbakhsh ◽  
Elham Davtalab Esmaeili ◽  
Hosein Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Variable ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background A detailed community-level understanding of socioeconomic status (SES) and sociocultural status (SCS) of suicides and suicide attempters (SAs) in a prospective design could have significant implications for policymakers at the local prevention and treatment levels. The effect of SCS and SES on SAs is poorly understood and investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the incidence, trend, and role of SES and SCS on suicide and SAs. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted based on the registry for SAs in Malekan County, Iran, from 2015 to 2018. Demographic characteristics, SES, SCS, incidence rates, and predictors of suicidal behaviors were measured via structured instruments. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 853 SAs (32 suicides and 821 attempts) were identified during the study. Trend analysis revealed that the suicide rate significantly decreased from 2014 (10.28) to 2018 (1.75) per 100,000. In the final multiple variable models, age (26–40), male sex, unemployment, antisocial activities, history of SA, hanging method, and season (spring) increased the suicide risk while religious commitment had protective effects on suicide. Conclusions Our findings indicated that demographic characteristics, low SES, and SCS are associated with suicide. In this county, trend of suicide and SA were decreased from 2014 to 2018. This study findings highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual variables, socio-demographic, SES, and SCS in suicide prevention strategies. Improving inter-sectoral collaborations and policymakers’ attitudes are imperative for SA reduction.

scholarly journals Race, Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, and Lifetime Non-Medical Use of Prescription Painkillers: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12289
Author(s):  
Amy Ehntholt ◽  
Roman Pabayo ◽  
Lisa Berkman ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by Wave 4 (2008; mean age 28), and to assess variation by race and by equivalized household family income at Wave 1 (1994/5). Predicted values for prevalence of NMUPP were modelled, adjusting for age, sex, parental education, and region. Race and SES in adolescence were associated with later reported NMUPP. A gradient was seen in prevalence by SES (adjusted: family income quartile 1 = 13.3%; quartile 2 = 13.8%; quartile 3 = 14.8%; quartile 4 = 16.0%; trend p-value = 0.007). Prevalence was higher among males. Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence were seen (non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 18.5%; non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 5.8%; Hispanic = 10.5%; Other = 10.0%). SES differences were less pronounced upon stratification, with trend tests significant only among females (p = 0.004), and marginally significant among Hispanic males (p = 0.06). Early-life SES was associated with reported lifetime NMUPP: the higher the family income in adolescence, the greater the likelihood of NMUPP by young adulthood. Variations in NMUPP by income paled in comparison with racial/ethnic differences. Results point to a possible long-enduring association between SES and NMUPP, and a need to examine underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and frailty in older Chinese adults in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-663
Author(s):  
Z. Tang ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
X. Song ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
A. Mitnitski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Adults

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Later Life Cognition: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Greenfield ◽  
Sara M. Moorman
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socioeconomic Differences ◽  
Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ◽  
Childhood Socioeconomic Status

Objectives:This study examined childhood socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of later life cognition and the extent to which midlife SES accounts for associations. Methods: Data came from 5,074 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. Measures from adolescence included parents’ educational attainment, father’s occupational status, and household income. Memory and language/executive function were assessed at ages 65 and 72 years. Results: Global childhood SES was a stronger predictor of baseline levels of language/executive function than baseline memory. Associations involving parents’ education were reduced in size and by statistical significance when accounting for participants’ midlife SES, whereas associations involving parental income and occupational status became statistically nonsignificant. We found no associations between childhood SES and change in cognition. Discussion: Findings contribute to growing evidence that socioeconomic differences in childhood have potential consequences for later life cognition, particularly in terms of the disparate levels of cognition with which people enter later life.

Association of hearing impairment with higher level physical functioning and walking endurance: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martinez-Amezcua ◽  
Pei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Nicholas S Reed ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Yuri Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
Walking Endurance

Abstract Background Although hearing impairment (HI) is linked to poorer physical functioning, the longitudinal associations between HI and higher-level functional measures are unclear. Methods Data is from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (2012–2019). Using pure-tone audiometry, we categorized hearing into normal, mild, and moderate or greater HI. Physical function was assessed with the expanded Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) and walking endurance with time to walk 400m. Multivariable and mixed-effects linear models tested the hypotheses that participants with HI, at baseline, have poorer physical performance and walking endurance, and faster decline over time (up to six measurements). In a subset (n=526), we further adjusted for vestibular function. Among participants with HI, we evaluated the differences in eSPPB scores and walking endurance between hearing aid users and nonusers. Results Of 831 participants 26% had mild, and 17% moderate or greater HI. Adjusting for demographics and medical history, moderate or greater impairment vs. normal hearing, was associated with poorer function (0.17 [95% CI: 0.09, 0.26] lower eSPPB score, and 13.3 [95% CI: 3.31, 23.4] seconds slower 400m time) and faster decline in these parameters over 6 years. Adjustment for vestibular function did not attenuate these associations. Hearing aid users walked 400m 24 seconds faster than nonusers (p=0.001). Conclusion Moderate or greater HI is associated with poorer initial and greater decline in higher-level physical performance. The observation that hearing aid users had better walking endurance suggests that screening for and treatment of HI may delay or slow progression of hearing-related functional decline.

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