scholarly journals The Other Student Debt Crisis: How Borrowing to Pay for a Child’s College Education Relates to Parents’ Mental Health at Midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1494-1503
Author(s):  
Katrina M Walsemann ◽  
Jennifer A Ailshire ◽  
Caroline Sten Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
College Education ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Student Debt ◽  
Educational Debt ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives More parents are borrowing to help their children pay for college. These loans may be a source of financial stress and worry, which could influence parents’ mental health. We determine whether child-related educational debt is associated with worse mental health among parents and if fathers are more sensitive to this debt than mothers, given potential gender differences in financial decision-making and relationships with adult children. Method Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, a nationally representative sample of persons born between 1957 and 1964. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Short Form-12 Mental Health Component Score to assess mental health. We restricted our sample to parents who had at least one biological child attend college and who were interviewed at age 50, when mental health was assessed (n = 3,545). Results Among fathers, having any child-related educational debt versus none was associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but having greater amounts of child-related educational debt was associated with more depressive symptoms and worse mental health. No relationship was found for mothers. Discussion Our findings indicate that the student debt crisis may also have mental health implications for aging parents, particularly for fathers.

Extent of depressive symptomatology among patients seeking care in prepaid group practice

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet R. Hankin ◽  
Ben Z. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Group Practice ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Health Practitioners

SynopsisA total of 1921 consecutive adult patients seen in the Departments of Internal Medicine and Obstetrics–Gynaecology at a prepaid group practice completed a self-administered depressive symptomatology questionnaire, the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). New health practitioners and physicians, who were not mental health specialists, blindly judged the presence or absence of depressive symptomatology. Twenty-one per cent of the patients suffered from depressive symptoms according to the CES-D, but only 15% of these were judged to be depressed by their physician or new health practitioner. The variables which predict the recognition of depressive symptomatology are discussed.

Subgroups with typical courses of depressive symptoms in an elderly population during 13 years of observation: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 799-809
Author(s):  
Miriam Engel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Jöckel ◽  
Nico Dragano ◽  
Miriam Engels ◽  
Susanne Moebus
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study ◽  
Large Fluctuations

Background: Depressive symptoms are volatile over time but empirical studies of intra-individual variations of depressive symptoms over longer periods are sparse. Aims: We aim to examine fluctuation patterns of depressive symptoms and to investigate the possible influence of age, sex and socioeconomic factors on fluctuation in a population-based sample over a period of 13 years. Methods: We used data of 4,251 participants (45–75 years; 51.0% women at baseline) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study with at least two of nine possible measurements obtained in the period between 2000 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were assessed via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) short form. Based on the individual mean values and standard deviation from all measurements, we categorized participants as G1 ‘stable low’, G2 ‘stable high’, G3 ‘stable around cutoff’ and G4 ‘large fluctuations’. Results: Most participants (82.3%) showed stable low depressive symptoms (G1), whereas 2.3% performed stable high values (G2), 6.9% stable around the cutoff (G3) and 8.6% large fluctuations (G4). Conclusion: Our longitudinal results reveal that almost 18% (G2, G3 and G4) of the participants have an increased depression score or strong fluctuations at times. According to our classification, a higher proportion of the participants show anomalies with regard to depression compared to a simple classification into depressed and nondepressed, especially if this is based on a single measurement. Thus, longitudinal measurements of depression can prevent misclassification and provide valuable information about the course of depressive symptoms for a better understanding of the changes of depression.

scholarly journals Type of tea consumption and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Huashuai Chen ◽  
Lele Chen ◽  
Sang-Yhun Ju ◽  
Huazhen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Chinese Older Adults

Abstract Background Existing research indicates that tea drinking may exert beneficiary effects on mental health. However, associations between different types of tea intake and mental health such as depression have not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of green tea, fermented tea, and floral tea consumption with depressive symptoms. Methods We used data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a nationwide survey on older adults in mainland China. A total of 13,115 participants (mean age 83.7 years, 54.2% were women) with valid responses were included in the analysis. The type (green, fermented [black, Oolong, white, yellow, dark, and compressed teas], and floral) and the frequency of tea consumption were recorded, and depressive symptoms were assessed using 10-item of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). We examined the associations between the type and the frequency of tea intake and depression, controlling for a set of demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, and health-related variables. Results Overall, intakes of green tea, fermented tea, and floral tea were all significantly associated with lower prevalence of depressive symptoms, independent of other risk factors. Compared with the group of no tea intake, the adjusted ORs of depressive symptoms for daily green tea, fermented tea, and floral tea intake were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95), 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76–0.99), and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.59–0.82), respectively. Linear associations were observed between the frequencies of all three types of tea intake and depressive symptoms (P < 0.05 for trends for all three types). The associations of the type and the frequency of tea intake and depressive symptoms were robust in several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Among Chinese older adults, regularly consumed any type of tea (green, fermented, or floral) were less likely to show depressive symptoms, the associations seemed more pronounced among floral tea and green tea drinkers.

scholarly journals The relationship between self-isolation during lockdown and individuals' depressive symptoms: Humor as a moderator

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ryota Tsukawaki ◽  
Tomoya Imura
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
The Relationship

The isolation that people of many nations have experienced during lockdown periods to prevent the spread of COVID-19 may adversely affect their mental health. In this study we examined whether humor moderates the relationship between extent of self-isolation and the depressive symptoms that people experience when locked down. Participants were 400 Japanese adults aged between 21 and 69 years, who completed the Humor Styles Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in addition to responding to a question to establish the extent of their self-isolation. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis results indicate that affiliative humor moderated the relationship between the degree of self-isolation and depression, and attenuated their association. In contrast, aggressive humor strengthened their association. Our study findings suggest that affiliative humor served to safeguard people from suffering from depression induced by self-isolation during lockdown, whereas aggressive humor increased the likelihood of people becoming depressed during lockdown.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Transitioned Trans Persons: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Jellestad ◽  
Tiziana Jäggi ◽  
Salvatore Corbisiero ◽  
Dirk J. Schaefer ◽  
Josef Jenewein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trans People

Background. Medical gender-affirming interventions (GAI) are important in the transition process of many trans persons. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between GAI and quality of life (QoL) of transitioned trans individuals. Methods. 143 trans persons were recruited from a multicenter outpatient Swiss population as well as a web-based survey. The QoL was assessed using the Short Form (36) Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36). Depressive symptoms were examined using the Short Form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (ADS-K). Multiple interferential analyses and a regression analysis were performed. Results. Both transfeminine and transmasculine individuals reported a lower QoL compared to the general population. Within the trans group, nonbinary individuals showed the lowest QoL scores and significantly more depressive symptoms. A detailed analysis identified sociodemographic and transition-specific influencing factors. Conclusions. Medical GAI are associated with better mental wellbeing but even after successful medical transition, trans people remain a population at risk for low QoL and mental health, and the nonbinary group shows the greatest vulnerability.

scholarly journals Assessment of depressive symptoms in patients with COVID-19 during the second wave of epidemic in Myanmar: A cross-sectional single-center study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252189
Author(s):  
Ye Minn Htun ◽  
Kyaw Thiha ◽  
Aung Aung ◽  
Nay Myo Aung ◽  
Thet Wai Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great impact on every aspect of society. All countries launched preventive measures such as quarantine, lockdown, and physical distancing to control the disease spread. These restrictions might effect on daily life and mental health. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at the Treatment Center. Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey was carried out at Hmawbi COVID-19 Treatment Center, Myanmar from December 2020 to January 2021. A total of 142 patients with COVID-19 who met the criteria were invited to participate in the study. A pre-tested Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used as a tool for depressive symptoms assessment. Data were analyzed by using binary logistic regression to identify associated factors of depressive symptoms. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to determine the level of significance with a p < 0.05. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with COVID-19 was 38.7%, with the means (± standard deviation, SD) subscale of somatic symptom, negative effect, and anhedonia were 4.64 (±2.53), 2.51 (± 2.12), and 5.01 (± 3.26), respectively. The patients with 40 years and older (AOR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.36–6.59), < 4 of household size (AOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.46–8.15), ≤ 400,000 kyats of monthly family income (AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02–5.54) and infection to family members (AOR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.74–10.07) were significant associated factors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion The high prevalence of depressive symptoms, approximately 40%, was found in patients with COVID-19 in the Treatment Center. Establishments of psychosocial supports, providing psychoeducation, enhancing the social contact with family and friends, and using credible source of information related COVID-19 would be integral parts of mental health services in COVID-19 pandemic situation.

scholarly journals Economic inequality and depressive symptoms: an individual versus aggregate-level analysis using Mexican survey data

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214682
Author(s):  
Lucio Esposito ◽  
Adrián Villaseñor ◽  
Rowena Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus on the relationship between economic inequality and mental health, which may be due to the measures of inequality used in empirical studies. We studied this relationship using individual and aggregate measures of economic inequality, and tested whether there is an interaction between the individual and the aggregate levels.MethodsWe used data from a nationally representative Mexican health survey (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición, n=44 324) where depressive symptoms were measured through a validated 7-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We estimated multilevel models employing aggregate inequality measures (Gini coefficient) and the individual-level framework of advantageous and disadvantageous inequality, where economic status comprised absolute wealth, relative deprivation and relative affluence.ResultsThe three facets of economic status were independently associated with depressive symptoms, while Gini coefficients showed no associations. Absolute wealth and relative affluence were associated with lower depressive symptoms while relative deprivation was associated with higher depressive symptoms. However, interaction models indicated an interplay between the Gini and relative affluence: higher status became a risk factor at high levels of aggregate economic inequality. For those at the top of the economic hierarchy, being in a context of high inequality more than doubles our measure of depressive symptoms—from 2.08 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.87) to 6.29 (95% CI 4.1 to 8.5) for state inequality and from 2.40 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.16) to 6.24 (95% CI 3.87 to 8.62) for municipal inequality.ConclusionWe provided a novel perspective on the economic gradient in mental health, and on how high aggregate economic inequality may harm also the better off. Policymakers need to consider the consequences of economic inequalities, which can harm the mental health of both those at the bottom and the top of the socioeconomic ladder.

Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale - Short Form

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Martens ◽  
Jerry C. Parker ◽  
Karen L. Smarr ◽  
James E. James E. Hewett ◽  
Bin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies

scholarly journals Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Hirohito Tsuboi ◽  
Yui Takakura ◽  
Hiromasa Tsujiguchi ◽  
Sakae Miyagi ◽  
Keita Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Study Population

To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.

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