scholarly journals Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 364-364
Author(s):  
Taylor Vigoureux ◽  
Monica Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Brent Small ◽  
Michael Crowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Late Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Elderly Health

Abstract Chronic stress at work, represented by job strain, has been associated with adverse late-life cognitive outcomes in the United States and Western Europe. We examined the relationship between job strain and change in cognition in a less affluent, Hispanic sample of adults aged 60-100 from mainland Puerto Rico. Job strain indicators (i.e., job demands/job control/job strain) were quantified from (a) standardized occupation-based job strain scores from Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ; n=1102), and (b) O*Net variables forming factors of job demands and job control (n=1639). Occupation information, covariates, and cognition came from the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions (PREHCO) Study conducted in 2002-2003, with cognition follow-up in 2006-2007. All analyses controlled for age, sex, baseline depressive symptoms, baseline financial problems, and childhood economic hardship. Across both operationalizations of job strain indicators, higher job control was associated with less decline in late-life cognition (JCQ: b=.18, p<.05; O*Net: b=.31, p<.001) until controlling for education (JCQ: b=.09, p=.248; O*Net: b=.12, p=.097). Job strain was associated with more decline in cognition (JCQ: b=-.75, p<.05; O*Net: b=-.87, p<.05) until controlling for education (JCQ: b=-.49, p=.098; O*Net: b=-.46, p=.262). For Karasek’s measure, the relationships were driven by more educated participants. Job control was related to less cognitive decline whereas strain related to more decline among older Puerto Ricans over four years, whether assessed with JCQ-based or O*Net-based scores. However, education emerged as more important for change in late-life cognition than job strain indicators overall, suggesting results that diverge from countries with higher average socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Job Strain and Late-Life Cognition: Findings From the Puerto Rican Elderly Health Conditions Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089826432097732
Author(s):  
Taylor F. D. Vigoureux ◽  
Monica E. Nelson ◽  
Ross Andel ◽  
Brent J. Small ◽  
Ana Luisa Dávila-Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Puerto Ricans ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Job Content Questionnaire ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
Job Content

Objectives: We examined associations between job strain and cognitive aging in a sample of older Puerto Ricans. Methods: Members of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions study, aged 60–100 years at baseline, participated. Job strain indicators were quantified from O*NET ( n = 1632) and a matrix of Job Content Questionnaire scores (JCQ; n = 1467). Global cognition was assessed twice across 4 years. Results: Controlling for age, sex, depressive symptoms, financial problems, hypertension, diabetes, childhood economic hardship, low job control and high job strain were consistently associated with greater cognitive decline. Adding education attenuated these associations. High education strengthened the JCQ job control-cognitive change link. Discussion: Low job control and high job strain may accelerate cognitive aging in this population. However, it may be more difficult to disentangle the intersecting roles of education and job strain in cognitive aging among older Puerto Ricans relative to older adults from contiguous United States or Europe.

scholarly journals JOB STRAIN AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE PUERTO RICAN ELDERLY: HEALTH CONDITIONS STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 424-424
Author(s):  
T Drury ◽  
R Andel ◽  
B Small ◽  
A Luisa Davila ◽  
M Crowe
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Elderly Health

scholarly journals Job strain and cognitive change: the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Dong ◽  
William W Eaton ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
Jacqueline Agnew ◽  
Pamela J Surkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area ◽  
Follow Up Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between job strain and subsequent cognitive change over approximately 11 years, using data from the population-based Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study.MethodsThe sample ranged from 555 to 563 participants, depending on the outcome, who reported psychosocial characteristics corresponding to the full-time job they held at baseline (1993–1996). Overall cognitive performance was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and verbal memory was measured by the ImmediateWord Recall Task and Delayed Word Recall Task at baseline and follow-up (2004–2005). Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between job strain and cognitive change, and inverse probability weighting was used to account for differential attrition.ResultsParticipants with high job demands (psychological or physical demands) and/or low job control had greater decrease in the MMSE and memory scores than those with low job demands and high job control. After adjustment for baseline outcome scores, age and sex, the greatest decrease was observed in participants with high job demands and low job control (MMSE: −0.24, 95% CI −0.36 to –0.11; verbal memory scores: −0.26, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.07). The differences were partially explained by sociodemographic characteristics, occupational prestige and health factors.ConclusionsFindings from this prospective study suggest that job strain is associated with and may be a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychosocial working conditions and the risk of diagnosed depression: a Swedish register-based study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Melody Almroth ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Alma Sörberg Wallin ◽  
Katarina Kjellberg ◽  
Bo Burström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosocial Workload ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background High job demands, low job control, and their combination (job strain) may increase workers' risk of depression. Previous research is limited by small populations, not controlling for previous depression, and relying on the same informant for reporting exposure and outcome. This study aims to examine the relationship between objectively measured workplace factors and the risk of developing clinical depression among the Swedish working population while controlling for previous psychiatric diagnoses and sociodemographic factors. Methods Control, demands, and job strain were measured using the Swedish Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) measuring psychosocial workload linked to around 3 million individuals based on their occupational titles in 2005. Cox regression models were built to estimate associations between these factors and diagnoses of depression recorded in patient registers. Results Lower job control was associated with an increased risk of developing depression (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.39–1.48 and HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.24–1.30 for men and women with the lowest control, respectively), and this showed a dose–response relationship among men. Having high job demands was associated with a slight decrease in depression risk for men and women. High strain and passive jobs (both low control jobs) were associated with an increased risk of depression among men, and passive jobs were associated with an increased risk among women. Conclusion High job control appears important for reducing the risk of developing depression even when accounting for previous psychiatric diagnoses and sociodemographic factors. This is an important finding concerning strategies to improve occupational and in turn mental health.

scholarly journals Job Strain in Physical Therapists

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 946-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Campo ◽  
Sherri Weiser ◽  
Karen L. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Work Related

BackgroundJob stress has been associated with poor outcomes. In focus groups and small-sample surveys, physical therapists have reported high levels of job stress. Studies of job stress in physical therapy with larger samples are needed.ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the levels of psychological job demands and job control reported by physical therapists in a national sample, (2) to compare those levels with national norms, and (3) to determine whether high demands, low control, or a combination of both (job strain) increases the risk for turnover or work-related pain.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up period.MethodsParticipants were randomly selected members of the American Physical Therapy Association (n=882). Exposure assessments included the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), a commonly used instrument for evaluation of the psychosocial work environment. Outcomes included job turnover and work-related musculoskeletal disorders.ResultsCompared with national averages, the physical therapists reported moderate job demands and high levels of job control. About 16% of the therapists reported changing jobs during follow-up. Risk factors for turnover included high job demands, low job control, job strain, female sex, and younger age. More than one half of the therapists reported work-related pain. Risk factors for work-related pain included low job control and job strain.LimitationsThe JCQ measures only limited dimensions of the psychosocial work environment. All data were self-reported and subject to associated bias.ConclusionsPhysical therapists’ views of their work environments were positive, including moderate levels of demands and high levels of control. Those therapists with high levels of demands and low levels of control, however, were at increased risk for both turnover and work-related pain. Physical therapists should consider the psychosocial work environment, along with other factors, when choosing a job.

Foreign Nations, International Organizations, and Their Impact on Health Conditions in Nicaragua since 1979

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Linsenmeyer
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
American States ◽  
The Impact

In July 1979, a coalition of social forces in Nicaragua, under the leadership of the Sandinistas, toppled the discredited 43-year Somoza dictatorship. In addition to revolutionary Nicaragua's own substantial efforts, since 1979 international forces and developments have had profound impacts on the nation's ambitious social programs. This article investigates the impact of foreign nations and international organizations on Nicaragua's health conditions since 1979. Given or pledged assistance, for health and other social needs, has been forthcoming, for example, from Latin America, Western Europe, socialist countries, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and the European Economic Community. International forces, however, have also had a negative impact on Nicaragua's health conditions. Since 1981, counter-revolutionary guerilla forces, known as contras, have fought the Nicaraguan government troops in a disastrous conflict, involving substantial international assistance for each side. The United States and several other nations have provided some form of aid to the contras. The war in Nicaragua has resulted in enormous human and material losses, and, of course, has adversely affected health conditions.

Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions (PREHCO) Project, 2002-2003, 2006-2007

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Palloni ◽  
Ana Luisa Davila ◽  
Melba Sanchez-Ayendez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Elderly Health

scholarly journals A-031 Early Childhood Quality of Education and Late-Life Cognitive Function in a Population-Based Sample from Puerto Rico

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-821
Author(s):  
Barba C ◽  
Dávila-Roman A ◽  
Clay O ◽  
Wadley V ◽  
Andel R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
School Year

Abstract Objective Education quality may be related to disparities in late-life cognition in the U.S. We examined whether years of education and indicators of childhood quality of education (QOE) are associated with cognitive decline and cognitive impairment (CI) in older Puerto Ricans. Method Participants included 3,883 community-dwelling older adults aged 60+ years from the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study without CI at baseline. A composite of QOE included school year length, student-teacher ratio, attendance, and literacy levels for each municipality from Census and education reports (1926–1945). Cognitive functioning was measured by the minimental Cabán (MMC) at baseline and four-year follow-up. CI was assigned when MMC score was < 11 points. Covariate-adjusted logistic and linear regression models were used to examine incident CI and decline, respectively. Results Participants reported 8 years of education on average. Years of education (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.79, 0.90; p = < .0001) was associated with a lower risk of incident CI but QOE was not (p = .37). In covariate-adjusted models, QOE (F(8, 2482) = 96.87, p < .05, R2 = .24) was significantly associated with cognitive decline. However, when years of education was added to the model, QOE was no longer statistically significant (p = .34). Conclusions This study provides further evidence that years of education and QOE are important factors for understanding risk of negative cognitive outcomes in older age, and that for this older Puerto Rican sample, years of education and literacy largely explained associations between QOE and late-life cognition.

scholarly journals Identifying cut-off scores for job demands and job control in nursing professionals: a cross-sectional survey in Germany

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e021366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Zeike ◽  
Lena Ansmann ◽  
Lara Lindert ◽  
Christina Samel ◽  
Christoph Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesNurses are generally found to be vulnerable to burnout, but nurses working in cancer care are even more so, since this profession is characterised by continuous confrontation with suffering and death. This study was designed to identify cut-off scores for job strain, that is, low job control and high job demands, for a sample of nurses working in breast cancer care. The main goal was to find cut-off scores, which predict the risk of nurses of developing a mental disorder from high job strain.DesignThe design was a cross-sectional survey study.SettingThe study is based on an employee survey in breast cancer centres in Germany.Participants688 nurses received a questionnaire; 329 nurses from 33 hospitals participated in the survey (return rate: 50.2%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresDependent variable: psychological well-being, measured by the WHO-5 Well-being Index; independent variables: job control and job demands, measured by the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ).ResultsMultivariable analysis indicates that low job control and high job demands are prognostic factors for low well-being. In a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, the cut-off scores, which demonstrated a maximum Youden index, were 34.5 for job control and 31.4 for job demands. The combination of both scales from a logistic regression analysis resulted in an area under the curve of 0.778. Sensitivity and specificity are 70.3% and 74.2%, respectively. The total of correct classification was 63.3%.ConclusionThe determined cut-off scores indicate that there is a risk of becoming psychologically ill from a high workload when an individual reaches a score of ≤34.5 for job control and ≥31.4 for job demands. The described method of establishing risk-based cut-off scores is promising for nursing practice and for the field of occupational health. Transferability and generalisability of the cut-off scores should be further analysed.

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