The Effects of Word Use and Personality Pathology on Depression and Suicidal Behavior in Older Adult Inpatients

Abstract Few prior studies have examined whether word use is associated with personality pathology or is linked to depression and suicidal behavior in older adult inpatients. In this study, older adult depressed inpatients (N = 51; age M= 67, SD = 8.9; mean years of education = 15.49, SD = 2.6) provided narratives about high and low points in life, health challenges, and interpersonal conflicts, and completed measures of personality pathology (NEO Five Factor Inventory, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Personality Disorders-25), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), and suicidal ideation or behavior (SCID-5). The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis tool was used to examine the frequency of self-referential, negative emotion, or absolutist word use. After adjusting for word count, age, and occupational and marital status, the use of self-referential words in narratives about high points of life predicted suicidal behavior (OR = .563, p = .002), but word use did not predict depression or personality pathology. In regression analyses, neuroticism and maladaptive interpersonal functioning predicted depression (ß = .417, p = .002; ß = .364, p = .009, respectively) but not suicidal behavior. Together, these preliminary findings suggest that in depressed older adult inpatients, depression and suicidal behavior may have qualitatively different predictors.

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Emotion Word Use by Adolescents Who Stutter: An Exploratory Study

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd23.1.6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Corrin G. Richels ◽

Rogge Jessica

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Conversational Speech ◽

Word Count ◽

Word Use ◽

Emotion Words ◽

Emotion Word ◽

Linguistic Inquiry ◽

Positive Valence ◽

Analyze Data

Purpose: Deficits in the ability to use emotion vocabulary may result in difficulties for adolescents who stutter (AWS) and may contribute to disfluencies and stuttering. In this project, we aimed to describe the emotion words used during conversational speech by AWS. Methods: Participants were 26 AWS between the ages of 12 years, 5 months and 15 years, 11 months-old (n=4 females, n=22 males). We drew personal narrative samples from the UCLASS database. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze data samples for numbers of emotion words. Results: Results indicated that the AWS produced significantly higher numbers of emotion words with a positive valence. AWS tended to use the same few positive emotion words to the near exclusion of words with negative emotion valence. Conclusion: A lack of diversity in emotion vocabulary may make it difficult for AWS to engage in meaningful discourse about negative aspects of being a person who stutters

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The Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory as screening instruments in an older adult outpatient population.

Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1037/1040-3590.4.2.190 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 190-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Jason T. Olin ◽

Lon S. Schneider ◽

Elaine M. Eaton ◽

Mary F. Zemansky ◽

et al

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Beck Depression Inventory ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Screening Instruments ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Adult Outpatient

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Community reintegration: Therapeutic dining program for older adult following stroke

American Journal of Recreation Therapy ◽

10.5055/ajrt.2009.0016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Christina Harper

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Older Adult ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Community Reintegration ◽

Geriatric Depression

Therapeutic dining programs are part of the community reintegration process for clients recovering from a stroke. It is a supervised program performed in social settings that consists of a combination of techniques to improve the eating situation. Therapeutic dining programs are a beneficial form of therapy for many rehabilitative groups. This specific program has been tailored to older adults who are recovering from a stroke. Its main goals, aside from improving the eating situation, are to prevent another stroke from happening and decrease depression symptoms and increase self-esteem by reintegrating clients back into the community. I looked into several different community reintegration program and nutrition and eating after stroke studies in which positive outcomes were found for post-stroke clients. All studies and research used has provided a strong support for the specific proposed intervention program for my client Kelly, who is an older adult female recovering from a stroke. Assessments selected: The Barthel Index, Nutritional Status, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Plan: Small group therapeutic dining program with other older adults in the afternoon. Intervention: Therapeutic Dining Program three times a week for eight weeks to improve eating situation, promote healthy eating, decrease symptoms of depression, and increase self esteem and social activity. Evaluation: The Barthel Index, Nutritional Status, Geriatric Depression Scale plus a Stroke Recovery Scorecard. Clients Goals: 1) Client will lower the risks of having another stroke. 2) Client will increase their eating situation experience and self-esteem while decreasing their depression symptoms. 3) Client will get involved in one support group or leisure activity outside of recreational therapy (RT) dining program for community reintegrated leisure pursuits.

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Clinical Usefulness of the Geriatric Depression Scale to Identify the Elderly at Risk of Suicide

Psychiatry Investigation ◽

10.30773/pi.2019.0299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 481-486

Author(s):

Hyunsuk Jeong ◽

Beomwoo Nam ◽

Sun-Jin Jo ◽

Won-Chul Lee ◽

Hyeon Woo Yim

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

At Risk ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Health Workers ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Clinical Usefulness ◽

Mental Health Workers ◽

Geriatric Depression

Objective Population-based suicidal screening can be an important intervention method to reduce suicidal attempt rate in community. However, directly asking about suicidal behavior may be burdensome to non-mental health workers. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) in identifying the elderly at risk of suicide in community.Methods Nine hundred forty-eight over 60 years of age participated in this study. All participants completed the GDS-15. A trained interviewer interviewed each participant for suicidality including suicidal ideation, plan, and prior attempt using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.Results When the cut-off score of 10 in the GDS-15 was applied to identify the elderly at risk of suicide, the proportion of directly asking about suicidal behavior by non-mental health workers was reduced by 33.1%; however, 19.5% at risk of suicide were missed. When the cut-off was changed to 6, 100% at risk of suicide were covered by the GDS-15.Conclusion Screening for suicidality using GDS-15 is a promising way to reduce the proportion of directly asking about suicidal behavior by non-mental health workers among the high-risk suicidal elderly in a community setting.

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Older Adult Self Report Construct and Criterion Validity Evidence for the Brazilian Elderly

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.33.2.236881 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 277 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Camila Rosa de Oliveira ◽

Luis Henrique Paloski ◽

Marianne Farina ◽

Valéria Gonzatti ◽

Adriano Medeiros Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Short Version ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Validity Evidence

<p>In Brazil, the number of validated and recognized scientific instruments for clinical evaluation of elderly persons is limited. The Older Adult Self-Report (OASR) is a psychopathological rating scale for persons with more than 60 years, which evaluates adaptive functioning and psychopathology. The aim of this study was at investigating OASR construct and criterion validity evidence for Brazilian elderly. The sample included 345 individuals, between 60 and 94 years of age, which were recruited by convenience. Participants responded to a questionnaire containing questions about demographic and health information, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale short version and the OASR. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and discriminant analysis. The results showed significant associations between the scores of OASR’s subscales, correlating with general cognitive ability and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, OASR was sensitive to identify elderly with significant symptoms of depression. In conclusion, the OASR showed adequate evidence of construct and criterion validity for a sample of Brazilian elderly.</p>

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Clinical cutoffs for the beck Depression inventory and the Geriatric Depression scale with older adult psychiatric outpatients

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment ◽

10.1007/bf02229210 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 233-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Evan S. Kogan ◽

Robert I. Kabacoff ◽

Michel Hersen ◽

Vincent B. Van Hasselt

Keyword(s):

Older Adult ◽

Beck Depression Inventory ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Psychiatric Outpatients

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Suicidal Behavior in German Adolescents

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000331 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joana Straub ◽

Ferdinand Keller ◽

Nina Sproeber ◽

Michael G. Koelch ◽

Paul L. Plener

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Present Sample ◽

Manic Symptoms ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

Adolescent Sample ◽

History Of ◽

Sum Scores

Objective: Research in adults has identified an association between bipolar disorder and suicidal behavior. This relationship, however, has been insufficiently investigated in adolescents to date. Methods: 1,117 adolescents from 13 German schools (mean age = 14.83, SD = .63; 52.7% females) completed an extended German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), which assesses depressive and manic symptoms during the last week, as well as the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (SHBQ) for the assessment of lifetime suicidal behavior. Results: In the present sample 39.4% of the girls and 23.1% of the boys reported lifetime suicidal thoughts and 7.1% of the girls as well as 3.9% of the boys a lifetime history of suicide attempts. 18.7% of the adolescent sample revealed elevated symptoms of depression and 9% elevated levels of mania symptoms. Elevated sum scores of depression and mania were associated with a higher number of suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. A block-wise regression analysis revealed that sum scores of depression and mania predicted suicidal ideations best. Concerning suicide attempts, the best predictors were age as well as depression and mania sum scores. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior was reported more often when adolescents demonstrate symptoms of mania as well as symptoms of depression than when they demonstrate only depressive symptoms. The presence of bipolar symptoms in adolescents should alert clinicians to the heightened possibility of suicidal behavior.

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