scholarly journals Social Associative Learning and Trust Formation Across Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 558-558
Author(s):  
Kendra Seaman ◽  
Alexander Christensen ◽  
Katherine Senn ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Brittany Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Trust Formation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Trust is a key component of social interaction. Older adults, however, often exhibit excessive trust relative to younger adults. One explanation is that older adults may learn to trust differently than younger adults. Here, we report a study examining how younger (N=36) and older adults (N=37) learn to trust over time. Participants completed a classic iterative trust game with three partners (15 trials each). Younger and older adults shared similar amounts but there were differences in how they shared that money. Compared to younger adults, older adults invested more with untrustworthy partners and less with trustworthy partners. As a group, older adults displayed less learning than younger adults and computational modeling suggests that older adults used different learning strategies. These findings suggest that older adults attend to and learn from social cues differently from younger adults. Neuroimaging results focused on reward processing will also be discussed.

Age Differences in the Social Associative Learning of Trust Information

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Katherine Senn ◽  
Jessica Cooper ◽  
Brittany Shane Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time

Trust is a key component of social interaction. Older adults, however, often exhibit excessive trust relative to younger adults. One explanation is that older adults may learn to trust differently than younger adults. Here, we examine how younger (N=33) and older adults (N=30) learn to trust over time. Participants completed a classic iterative trust game with three partners. Younger and older adults shared similar amounts but differed in how they shared money. Compared to younger adults, older adults invested more with untrustworthy partners and less with trustworthy partners. As a group, older adults displayed less learning than younger adults. However, computational modeling shows that this is because older adults are more likely to forget what they have learned over time. Model-based fMRI analyses revealed several age-related differences in neural processing. Younger adults showed prediction error signals in social processing areas while older adults showed over-recruitment of several cortical areas. Collectively, these findings suggest that older adults attend to and learn from social cues differently from younger adults.

scholarly journals Perceived personal deadlines for late-life preparation across adulthood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieder R. Lang ◽  
Fiona S. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Throughout adulthood, individuals follow personal timetables of deadlines that shape the course of aging. We examine 6-year-longitudinal data of perceived personal deadlines for starting with late-life preparation across adulthood. Findings are based on a sample of 518 adults between 18 and 88 years of age. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore changes in personal deadlines for preparation in five domains (i.e., finances, end of life, housing, social connectedness, caregiving) in relation to calendar age, self-rated health, subjective position in life, and sociodemographic variables. Findings suggest that personal deadlines for starting preparatory activities differ depending on calendar age and domain of late-life preparation. Older adults as compared to younger adults are likely to report narrower deadlines for beginning with late-life preparation. Perceived deadlines for late-life preparation were furthermore found to be preponed and slightly dilated over time. Findings suggest that depending on age-graded opportunity structures, individuals flexibly adjust their personal deadlines for late-life preparation.

scholarly journals Personality and change in perceived control across the first four months of the coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 726-726
Author(s):  
Amanda Sesker ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Martina Luchetti ◽  
Damaris Aschwanden ◽  
Yannick Stephan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National Sample ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective: This study examined change in perceived control (PC) across the first four months of the global coronavirus pandemic and whether change varied significantly by age and personality traits during the first four months of the pandemic. Methods: Personality was assessed prior to the pandemic in a large national sample of 2,455 American adults (18-100 years) from a preregistered online survey (https://osf.io/q8cpd), first conducted between January 31, 2020 and February 10, 2020. Three additional follow-up waves were conducted: mid-March 2020 (following the World Health Organization declaration of the coronavirus a pandemic), late April 2020 (toward the end of the White House’s 30 Days to Slow the Spread guidance), and late July 2020 (when patient deaths in the U.S. reached 132,918). PC was assessed in Waves 2-4. Results: There were age differences in the trajectory of PC such that PC increase for middle-aged and older adults, whereas younger adults had lower PC and did not increase over the follow-ups. All personality traits but Openness were associated with PC at the first assessment. Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness positively predicted PC change over time. The association between Conscientiousness and Extraversion and increased PC over time was stronger at older ages. Conclusion: Pre-pandemic personality predicted PC and PC change during the first four months of the pandemic, with middle-aged and older adults showing better adaption than younger adults. This study provides new evidence for PC change and associations between personality and PC during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of a Savoring Intervention on Resilience and Well-Being of Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Smith ◽  
Agnieszka A. Hanni
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
Positive Feelings ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Over Time

Savoring is the ability to be mindful of positive experiences and to be aware of and regulate positive feelings about these experiences. Previous research has found that savoring interventions can be effective at improving well-being of younger adults, but findings have not been extended to older populations. This pilot study examined the effects of a 1-week savoring intervention on older adults’ psychological resilience and well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and happiness). Participants, 111 adults ages 60 or over, completed measures of resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness pre- and postintervention as well as 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. Analyses revealed that participants who completed the savoring intervention with high fidelity also reported improvements in resilience, depressive symptoms, and happiness over time. These findings suggest that the savoring intervention has the potential to enhance older adults’ resilience and psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Older adults catch up to younger adults on a learning and memory task that involves collaborative social interaction

Memory ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Derksen ◽  
M. C. Duff ◽  
K. Weldon ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
K. D. Zamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Catch Up

scholarly journals Age as an Element of Diversity: Intergenerational Discussion to Improve Age-Related Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 532-532
Author(s):  
Lisa Wagner ◽  
Tana Luger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Health Funding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Over Time

Abstract All generations must work together solving societal problems, yet age-related stereotypes are used to divide generations. Age derogation motivates younger people to vote by creating fear of an older White voting generation (Dear young people, don’t vote; 2018), and to belittle older people (“Okay, Boomer…”). Demonizing older people creates prejudice within families asking that people target loved ones, for example, by pitting educational funding for young against health funding for older adults. Neither group wins when divisiveness occurs. Generation to Generation, an intergenerational course for older and younger adults, promotes intergenerational contact. Students discuss topical issues (e.g., racism) in multi-generational groups. Using pretest-posttest design, all students were invited to complete questionnaires at beginning and end of term. Younger adults reported significant increases in affection, comfort, kinship, engagement and enthusiasm for older adults, whereas older adults showed stability over time. Intergenerational discussion may facilitate improved connections between generations.

scholarly journals Older and Younger Adults Perform Similarly in an Iterated Trust Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maïka Telga ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Categorical Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In social contexts, aging is typically associated with a greater reliance on heuristics, such as categorical information and stereotypes. The present research examines younger and older adults’ use of individuating and age-based categorical information when gauging whether or not to trust unfamiliar targets. In an adaptation of the iterated Trust Game, participants had to predict the cooperative tendencies of their partners to earn economic rewards in first encounters – in a context in which they knew nothing about their partners, and across repeated interactions – in a context in which they could learn the individual cooperative tendency of each partner. In line with previous research, we expected all participants to rely on stereotypes in first encounters, and progressively learn to disregard stereotypes to focus on individuating behavioral cues across repeated interactions. Moreover, we expected older participants to rely more on social categories than younger participants. Our results indicate that overall, both the elderly and the young adopted an individuating approach to predict the cooperative behaviors of their partners across trials. However, older adults more consistently relied on gender (but not age) stereotypes to make cooperation decisions at zero acquaintance. The impact of context, motivation, and relevance of categorical information in impression formation is discussed.

scholarly journals Change in Daily Negative Affect Across 20 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Jennifer Piazza ◽  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Susan Charles
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
National Study ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract The current study examined levels of daily NA among people (N=413) who participated in three waves of the National Study of Daily Experiences (~1996; ~2008; ~2017). At each wave, participants reported how often they had experienced six negative emotional experiences every day for eight consecutive days. Cross-sectional analyses at each time-point show age-related decreases in NA. Trajectories over time, however, were moderated by age (Est = .006, SE = .002, p = .001), revealing a curvilinear pattern. Among people who were 25-50 years-old at the first wave, daily NA decreased over time, with decreases more pronounced among the younger adults. For people at least 50 years-old at the start of the study, daily NA increased over time, with the slopes steepest for older adults. Findings indicate that cross-sectional and longitudinal age-related patterns in NA differ when examining data collected from 1996 to 2017.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Ventral Striatal and Default Mode Network Function During Reciprocated Trust

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic S. Fareri ◽  
Katherine Hackett ◽  
Lindsey J. Tepfer ◽  
Victoria A. Kelly ◽  
Nicole Henninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
Age Related

Social relationships change across the lifespan as social networks narrow and motivational priorities shift to the present. Interestingly, aging is also associated with changes in executive function, including decision-making abilities, but it remains unclear how age-related changes in both domains interact to impact financial decisions involving other people. To study this problem, we recruited 50 human participants (N_younger = 26, ages 18-34; N_older = 24, ages 63-80) to play an economic trust game as the investor with three partners (friend, stranger, and computer) who played the role of investee. Investors underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the trust game while investees were seated outside of the scanner. Building on our previous work with younger adults showing both enhanced striatal responses and altered default-mode network (DMN) connectivity as a function of social closeness during reciprocated trust, we predicted that these relations would exhibit age-related differences. We found that striatal responses to reciprocated trust from friends relative to strangers and computers were blunted in older adults relative to younger adults, thus supporting our primary pre-registered hypothesis regarding social closeness. We also found that older adults exhibited enhanced DMN connectivity with the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) during reciprocated trust from friends compared to computers while younger adults exhibited the opposite pattern. Taken together, these results advance our understanding of age-related differences in sensitivity to social closeness in the context of trusting others.

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