scholarly journals Emerging Concepts in Dyadic Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 314-314
Author(s):  
Karen Lyons ◽  
Amy Rauer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Pilot Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This session includes four papers that explore and expand upon emerging concepts in dyadic research in health, illness, and end-of-life. First, Dr. Karen Lyons and colleagues examine the concept of dyadic mental health in mid-late life couples living with lung cancer. The paper examines the impact of having optimal versus poor dyadic mental health at diagnosis on the physical health of the couple over time, but also explores the ways we examine the concept of dyadic health in research and potential implications of these methods. Second, Dr. Lyndsey Miller and colleagues take a dyadic approach to understanding the roles of social activity and connectedness on depressive symptoms in a sample of community-dwelling older couples. The paper not only highlights important gender differences, but also the salient role of incongruent dyadic physical health. Third, Dr. Ranak Trivedi and colleagues describe the findings of a novel pilot intervention targeted at improving dyadic self-management in care dyads where one member is a Veteran with chronic conditions. The paper draws upon concepts of collaboration and dyadic coping to conceptualize self-management as a dyadic phenomenon. Finally, Dr. Buck and colleagues explore the novel concept of dyadic dissolution in a sample of family caregivers after the death of their care partner. The paper explores the concept as a cognitive and affective process with implications for how the surviving partner adapts over time. Speakers and Discussant, Dr. Amy Rauer, will focus on implications of these concepts for advancing dyadic science of health and illness across the lifespan.

scholarly journals Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks’ Perceptions of Stress Over Time?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
DeAnnah R Byrd ◽  
Roland J Thorpe ◽  
Keith E Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background and Objectives Previous studies have linked stress to multiple negative mental health outcomes, including depression. This established stress–depression association is typically examined in one direction and cross-sectionally. This study examined the bidirectional relationships between depressive symptoms and changes in perceived stress over time in Blacks. Research Design and Methods The present study uses a community-dwelling sample of 450 Black adults, aged 51–96 years old, who participated in the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. Perceived stress—measured by the Perceived Stress Scale—and depressive symptoms—measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale—were both assessed at baseline and follow-up 33 months later. Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine 2 bidirectional longitudinal relationships between (1) stress–depression and (2) depression–stress, and whether these associations are modified by age. Results Initial analyses testing the typical stress–depression relationship showed an effect in the expected direction, that is stress leading to more depressive symptoms over time, adjusting for model covariates, but the effect was not statistically significant (b = 0.014, p = .642). After accounting for baseline perceived stress level, age, sex, education, and chronic health conditions, depressive symptoms were positively associated with follow-up stress (b = 0.210, p < .000). The depression–stress association further varied by age group such that the impact of baseline depression on changes in perceived stress was greatest in Blacks in their 60s versus those in their 50s (b = 0.267, p = .001), controlling for model covariates. Discussion and Implications Contrary to previous work, the results suggest that an individual’s mental health shapes his/her perception of stressful events and this relationship varies by age group. While the typical finding (stress impacting depression) was not significant, the findings reported here highlight the importance of considering the possible bidirectional nature of the relationships between psychosocial measures of stress and mental health in later life among Blacks.

scholarly journals The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioral, and physical health of adults: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. Lauren Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for eHealth services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counseling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not. Methods Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counseling or coaching programs on mental health, health behavior, or physical health activity among community-dwelling adults will be included. We will search the following electronic databases (from January 2005 onwards): MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in mental health conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, quality of life), behavioral health conditions (e.g., substance use, smoking, sexual behavior, eating behavior, medication adherence), and physical health conditions (e.g., coping with cancer, menopausal symptoms, arthritis pain). Secondary outcomes will be changes in physical activity. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Potential sources of gender bias in included studies will be considered at all stages of the planned review. Discussion This review will contribute to the literature by providing evidence on the effectiveness of eHealth counseling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

Health and Voting in Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ojeda ◽  
Julianna Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Do changes in health lead to changes in the probability of voting? Using two longitudinal datasets, this article looks at the impact of three measures of health – physical health, mental health and overall well-being – on voting trajectories in young adulthood. The results show that self-rated health is associated with a lower probability of voting in one’s first election, depression is related to a decline in turnout over time and physical limitations are unrelated to voting. Some familial resources from childhood are also found to condition when the health–participation effect manifests.

scholarly journals The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioural, and physical health of adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for mental health services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counselling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods and Design: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counselling or coaching programs on mental health, health behaviour, or physical health conditions or concerns among community dwelling adults will be searched in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The review will be structured using PRISMA guidelines. Studies will be synthesized using the Cochrane Handbook and Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) reporting guideline. Quality will be evaluated using GRADE. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool with higher quality studies prioritized when drawing conclusions. The role of sex and gender will be considered as well as possible gender biases at all stages of the review.Discussion: This review will examine the effectiveness of eHealth counselling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. Findings will inform the decisions of governments, communities, and health care organizations responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

scholarly journals Do Depressive Symptoms Shape Blacks’ Perceptions of Stress Over Time?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 573-573
Author(s):  
DeAnnah Byrd ◽  
Roland Thorpe ◽  
Keith Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Future

Abstract The established association between stress and depression is typically examined only in one direction and cross-sectionally. Data from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging-Patterns of Cognitive Aging was used to longitudinally examine the bi-directional relationships between (1) stress-depression and (2) depression-stress, and age as a modifier. The sample consisted of 602 community-dwelling Blacks, aged 48-92 years at baseline and 450 at follow-up 33 months later. While the stress-depression relationship was non-significant; the depression-stress was (b= 0.236, p< 0.000) and this association varied by age with the impact of baseline depression on changes in stress greatest among Blacks in their 60’s versus those in their 50’s (b= 0.257, p= 0.002), controlling for model covariates. Findings highlight the importance of depression in shaping Blacks’ perception of stress over time. Future work should continue to identify stress and mental health risk factors that contribute to poor health and health disparities in older Blacks.

scholarly journals Distinct Influences of Social Activity and Social Connectedness on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adult Couples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Joel Steele ◽  
Chao-Yi Wu ◽  
Hiroko Dodge ◽  
Jeffrey Kaye ◽  
Karen Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Close Friendships

Abstract This study aimed to simultaneously examine the associations between social activity and connectedness and depressive symptoms in older adult couples. Using SEM and data from 116 community-dwelling couples (age 76.18 ± 8.49), we found that engagement in social activities was associated with lower depressive symptoms in men (p = 0.014), whereas more close friendships were associated with lower depressive symptoms in women (p = 0.018), controlling for partner effects, age, education, and cognitive function (CFI: 1.00, TLI: 1.35, RMSEA: 0.00 [0.00, 0.08]). Unexpectedly, we also found better female physical health to be associated with greater depressive symptoms in males (p = 0.029). When examined as dyadic physical health, more incongruence between the physical health of partners was associated with greater depressive symptoms in men (p = 0.007). Discussion will focus on distinct influences of social activity and connectedness on mental health, and the context of gender, marriage, and dyadic health.

scholarly journals The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioural, and physical health of adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for eHealth services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counselling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counselling or coaching programs on mental health, health behaviour, or physical health activity among community dwelling adults will be included. We will search the following electronic databases (from January 2005 onwards): MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in mental health conditions (e.g. depression, anxiety, stress, quality-of life), behavioural health conditions (e.g. substance use, smoking, sexual behaviour, eating behaviour, medication adherence), and physical health conditions (e.g. coping with cancer, menopausal symptoms, arthritis pain). Secondary outcomes will be changes in physical activity. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Potential sources of gender bias in included studies will be considered at all stages of the planned review.Discussion: This review will contribute to the literature by providing evidence on the effectiveness of eHealth counselling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

scholarly journals Impact of Comorbidity on Fatigue Management Intervention Outcomes Among People with Multiple Sclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Finlayson ◽  
Katharine Preissner ◽  
Chi Cho
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This exploratory secondary analysis examined whether the presence of six chronic health conditions moderated the effectiveness of a teleconference-delivered fatigue self-management education program for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The longitudinal data used were from a randomized controlled trial involving 181 community-dwelling adults with MS. The primary outcome was fatigue impact, as measured by the Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Mixed-effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) models were used to determine the best-fitting model. Just under 65% (n = 112) of participants had at least one comorbid condition. Only diabetes and arthritis moderated all three FIS subscales over time. People with diabetes were slower to show improvement after intervention than people without diabetes. People with arthritis made much more dramatic initial gains compared with people without arthritis but had difficulty maintaining those gains over time. The results point to the need for greater attention to the impact of comorbidities on rehabilitation interventions. These exploratory findings suggest that fatigue self-management education protocols may need to be customized to people who are trying to incorporate MS fatigue self-management behaviors while simultaneously managing diabetes or arthritis.

scholarly journals The impact of eHealth group interventions on the mental, behavioural, and physical health of adults: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl L Currie ◽  
Richard Larouche ◽  
M. L. Voss ◽  
Erin K. Higa ◽  
Rae Spiwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: COVID-19 has resulted in an increased demand for eHealth services globally. There is emerging evidence for the efficacy for group eHealth interventions that support population-based mental health and wellbeing, but a systematic review is lacking. The primary objective of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence for eHealth group counselling and coaching programs for adults. A second objective is to assess, within studies selected for our primary objective, the impact of programs that encourage PA on outcomes compared to those that do not.Methods: Randomized controlled trials that assess the impact of eHealth group counselling or coaching programs on mental health, health behaviour, or physical health activity among community dwelling adults will be included. We will search the following electronic databases (from January 2005 onwards): MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and the Central Register of Controlled Trials. The primary outcomes will be changes in mental health conditions (e.g. depression, anxiety, stress, quality-of life), behavioural health conditions (e.g. substance use, smoking, sexual behaviour, eating behaviour, medication adherence), and physical health conditions (e.g. coping with cancer, menopausal symptoms, arthritis pain). Secondary outcomes will be changes in physical activity. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis will be conducted. The strength of the body of evidence will be assessed using GRADE. The risk of bias in individual studies will be appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Potential sources of gender bias in included studies will be considered at all stages of the planned review.Discussion: This review will contribute to the literature by providing evidence on the effectiveness of eHealth counselling and coaching programs delivered to adults in a group format. Systematic review registration: The protocol has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42020187551).

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

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