scholarly journals Holy and Helping: The Role of Sanctification in the Communal Coping of Older African American Couples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 465-465
Author(s):  
Antonius Skipper ◽  
Andrew Rose ◽  
Jhazzmyn Joiner ◽  
Ethan Jones ◽  
Alex Reeves
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Communal Coping ◽  
White Couples ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Relational Outcomes ◽  
African American Couples ◽  
Difficult Situations

Abstract Disproportionately affected by numerous relational stressors (e.g., financial strain, morbidity), older African American couples frequently find solace in religion and each other. Research notes that both married and cohabiting couples effectively respond to difficult situations by sharing the ownership of a stressor and organizing a collaborative, collective response. However, little is known about the influence of religion on shared coping experiences, particularly among older African American couples. This study examined dyadic data from the Strong African American Couples Project to capture the influence of relational sanctification on the communal coping practices of married and cohabiting older African American couples. The sample included 194 African American couples (146 married and 48 cohabiting) between the ages of 50 and 86 years. With the use of Actor Partner Independence Models, this study found that men’s sanctification predicted both their own communal coping and their partner’s communal coping. However, there were no significant effects when women’s sanctification was used as a predictor of communal coping among older African American couples. These findings are both important and novel, because these relationships had never before been examined within the United States, much less among older African American couples. Similar to existing research among majority White couples, this research finds that men’s religiosity may be a more influential predictor of relational outcomes than women’s religiosity. Such findings offer a valuable foundation for future studies seeking to consider how relational sanctification and communal coping may impact other outcomes associated with the romantic relationships of older African Americans.

scholarly journals Situational Breakdowns Beyond Protest Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-168
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Context Factors ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Micro Level

Chapter 9 explores whether the books’ findings hold in other contexts by examining other instances of surprising outcomes. First, the chapter discusses the outbreak of violence in uprisings after police shootings of African American citizens in the United States, such as Ferguson, Missouri, in 2014 and Baltimore, Maryland, in 2015. The first section takes a detailed look at the role of background and context factors (such as symbolic and systemic racism) and situational patterns in uprisings turning violent. Then the chapter discusses successful and failed armed store robberies. Here the surprising outcome is not violence but armed criminals failing to get the money from an unarmed store clerk. Findings suggest similar patterns of situational breakdowns in these occurrences as in protests and uprisings. Overall, the chapter discusses the crucial importance of the micro-level of social phenomena: if routines of both collective and individual social events are disrupted, surprising outcomes occur.

scholarly journals The Role of Risk Perception in Flu Vaccine Behavior among African-American and White Adults in the United States

Risk Analysis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki S. Freimuth ◽  
Amelia Jamison ◽  
Gregory Hancock ◽  
Donald Musa ◽  
Karen Hilyard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
White Adults

scholarly journals Neighborhood context and financial strain as predictors of marital interaction and marital quality in African American couples

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Cutrona ◽  
Daniel W. Russell ◽  
W. Todd Abraham ◽  
Kelli A. Gardner ◽  
Janet N. Melby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Marital Interaction ◽  
African American Couples

scholarly journals Black Cowboys In the American West: A Historiographical Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
David Goldstein-Shirley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
American West ◽  
The United States ◽  
Half Century ◽  
History Texts ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Few subjects in the ethnic experience of the United States are as fraught with mythology and misinformation as black cowboys. Although absent from most classic history texts of the American West, black cowboys probably constituted about a quarter of the working cowboys in the nineteenth century, although q uantitative data to establish a number are lacking. This essay reviews the historiography of black cowboys published during the last half-century, noting how much of it is marred either by glossing over the presence of black cowboys or by credulously repeating estimates of their numbers established by earlier work. The essay speculates whether such problematic scholarship stems from unacknowledged prejudice among mainstream historians or from carelessness and calls for more and improved scholarly attention to the role of African American cowboys in the American West.

Altered Folate Metabolism Maybeo the Develop Linked tment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in African American Children.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4118-4118
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Nancy Fassinger ◽  
Ronald Thomas ◽  
Ana C. Xavier ◽  
Yubin Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Abstract 4118 Background Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer in the United States. The incidence of ALL is approximately 2-3-fold higher in Caucasian compared to African American (AA) children, suggesting potential differences in genetic susceptibility and/or exogenous exposures. Multiple epidemiologic studies have examined both genetic and environmental factors linked to the development of childhood ALL, primarily in Caucasian populations. Hence, identifying factors associated with racial differences in incidence of leukemia may provide new insights into the role of endogenous versus exogenous factors in the development of leukemia. A number of studies have reported relationships between folate metabolism and the risk of developing ALL including: i)maternal folate supplementation during pregnancy (reduced risk of ALL in offspring); and ii)polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in folate metabolism, including 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) (increased and decreased risks). To date, no studies have been performed specifically examining the role of folate metabolism in AA children. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with folate metabolism which may be linked to the development of ALL in AA children compared to healthy controls. Patients and Methods AA children with B-precursor (BP) ALL were enrolled from the Hematology/Oncology Division of Children's Hospital of Michigan, while healthy AA children were enrolled as controls. Patients' racial backgrounds were based on parental reporting. The frequencies of polymorphisms in the MTHFR [677C>T, 1298A>C], thymidylate synthase [TS 2R3R], cystathionine-β-synthase [CBS 844ins(68)], and reduced folate carrier [RFC 80G>A] genes were determined by genotyping between AA childhood BP-ALL [n=26; 14 males] and healthy AA children [n=87; 47 males]. The distributions of genotypes between cases and controls were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results The genotype distributions of the polymorphisms of the folate pathway genes are summarized in Table 1. The frequencies of the MTHFR gene variants 677 CT/TT were 2-fold higher in the ALL cohort than that in the healthy control cohort. MTHFR 677 CT/TT was significantly associated with a risk of developing ALL in the AA patients. There were no significant differences in the distributions of the TS, CBS, or RFC polymorphisms between the groups. High birth weight has been associated with an increased risk of developing ALL, though we found no significant difference in birth weights between ALL and control groups. Conclusion Our study is the first to demonstrate that there is a higher frequency of the variant MTHFR C677T polymorphism (associated with reduced enzyme activity and altered distribution of folate forms) in AA children with ALL compared to healthy controls. Low MTHFR enzyme activity leads to imbalances in the thymidylate and de novo purine biosynthetic pathways, ultimately affecting DNA synthesis and repair and likely increasing the risk of leukemia. Thus, the role of altered folate metabolism may contribute to the development of ALL in AA children similar to Caucasian children, although additional studies are still required to identify factors linked to the higher incidence of ALL in Caucasian children and/or low incidence in AA children. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Breaking the Cycle of Violence Among Youth Living in Metropolitan Atlanta: A Case History of Kids Alive and Loved

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Thomas ◽  
Bernadette Leite ◽  
Ted Duncan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation Theory ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
History Of

More teenagers in the United States die from gunshot wounds than from all natural causes of disease combined. Firearm-related mortality accounts for almost half of all deaths among African American teens. Residents of central cities have the highest probability of experiencing violent crimes. This article describes an innovative community-based intervention designed to break the cycle of violence among youth in metropolitan Atlanta. The intervention, Kids Alive and Loved (KAL), emerged from the African American community as one mother's response to the violent death of her 17-year-old son. The authors describe how her response to tragedy gave birth to a culturally appropriate intervention for youth exposed to violence. This article delineates the evolution of KAL, the role of community partners in the design of the intervention, and how diffusion of innovation theory has implications for understanding the KAL approach to breaking the cycle of violence.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Narrative Paradigm ◽  
Communal Coping ◽  
Immigrant Rights ◽  
New Class ◽  
Immigrant Rights Movement ◽  
Rhetorical Ethnography

This chapter introduces the role of storytelling in the immigrant rights movement. It presents the questions that animate the remainder of the book: How and why are young undocumented activists in New York choosing to use their stories as activism? What are the prospects and limitations of storytelling for developing a public and political voice? How do immigrant-produced mediated narratives abate the effects of isolation for undocumented immigrants and facilitate communal coping? By what means do immigrant activists confront foundational notions that predispose many US citizens to believe that the United States is simultaneously a result of the labors and dreams of an ideal class of immigrants and the victim of a new class of unworthy and illegal job stealers who refuse to “get in line” for citizenship? The chapter offers an overview of Walter Fisher’s narrative paradigm and explicates how this paradigm is applied to the context of undocumented storytelling. The chapter contains a literature review, a detailed description of the methods of oral history, critical-rhetorical ethnography, and narrative analysis, and concludes with a chapter outline.

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