scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Diversities in Cognitive Health Appraisals: Findings from the HCAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 715-715
Author(s):  
Yuri Jang ◽  
Eunyoung Choi ◽  
Yujin Franco ◽  
Nan Sook Park ◽  
David Chiriboga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract The aims of the study were: (1) to investigate the relationship between cognitive performance and cognitive health appraisals across non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic older adults in the United States and (2) to explore within-group variations by examining interactions between cognitive performance and background and health variables. The sample (N = 3,099) included 2,260 non-Hispanic White, 498 non-Hispanic Black, and 341 Hispanic adults aged 65 or older, from the 2016–2017 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Regression models of cognitive health appraisals, indicated by self-rated cognitive health, were examined in the entire sample and in racial and ethnic subgroups to test direct and interactive effects of cognitive performance, indicated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The regression model for the entire sample showed direct effects of cognitive performance and race/ethnicity on cognitive health appraisals, as well as a significant interaction between cognitive performance and being non-Hispanic Black. Cognitive performance and cognitive health appraisals were positively associated in non-Hispanic Whites but not significantly associated in non-Hispanic Blacks. Our subsequent analysis within each racial/ethnic group showed that the effect of cognitive performance in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics became either reversed or nonsignificant when background and health variables were considered. Modification by age or chronic medical conditions in each racial and ethnic group was also observed. Overall, these findings suggest that perceptions and appraisals of cognitive health vary by race and ethnicity and hold implications for how these differences should be considered in research and practice with diverse groups of older adults.

The Influence of Social Networks and Supports on Depression Symptoms: Differential Pathways for Older Korean Immigrants and Non-Hispanic White Americans

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haesang Jeon ◽  
James Lubben
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Korean Immigrants ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Older Korean Immigrants ◽  
Hispanic White

Objectives: The current cross-cultural study examines the pathways underlying different formations of social networks and social support systems, which affect depression symptoms among older Korean immigrants and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States.Method: Data for this study came from a panel survey of 223 older Korean American immigrants and 201 non-Hispanic White older adults 65 years of age and older living in Los Angeles. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the proposed conceptual model designed to explain the direct and indirect relationships between social networks and social support on depression symptoms.Results: Empirical evidence from this study indicated different effect of one’s social networks and social support on depression by race/ethnicity.Discussion: The work discussed in this article pointed to the need to recognize the role of culture in assessing the relationships between social networks, social support, and health among older adults.

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeb Jones ◽  
Patrick S Sullivan ◽  
Travis H Sanchez ◽  
Jodie L Guest ◽  
Eric W Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Hispanic White

BACKGROUND Existing health disparities based on race and ethnicity in the United States are contributing to disparities in morbidity and mortality during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted an online survey of American adults to assess similarities and differences by race and ethnicity with respect to COVID-19 symptoms, estimates of the extent of the pandemic, knowledge of control measures, and stigma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe similarities and differences in COVID-19 symptoms, knowledge, and beliefs by race and ethnicity among adults in the United States. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey from March 27, 2020 through April 1, 2020. Participants were recruited on social media platforms and completed the survey on a secure web-based survey platform. We used chi-square tests to compare characteristics related to COVID-19 by race and ethnicity. Statistical tests were corrected using the Holm Bonferroni correction to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS A total of 1435 participants completed the survey; 52 (3.6%) were Asian, 158 (11.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, 548 (38.2%) were Hispanic, 587 (40.9%) were non-Hispanic White, and 90 (6.3%) identified as other or multiple races. Only one symptom (sore throat) was found to be different based on race and ethnicity (<i>P</i>=.003); this symptom was less frequently reported by Asian (3/52, 5.8%), non-Hispanic Black (9/158, 5.7%), and other/multiple race (8/90, 8.9%) participants compared to those who were Hispanic (99/548, 18.1%) or non-Hispanic White (95/587, 16.2%). Non-Hispanic White and Asian participants were more likely to estimate that the number of current cases was at least 100,000 (<i>P</i>=.004) and were more likely to answer all 14 COVID-19 knowledge scale questions correctly (Asian participants, 13/52, 25.0%; non-Hispanic White participants, 180/587, 30.7%) compared to Hispanic (108/548, 19.7%) and non-Hispanic Black (25/158, 15.8%) participants. CONCLUSIONS We observed differences with respect to knowledge of appropriate methods to prevent infection by the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Deficits in knowledge of proper control methods may further exacerbate existing race/ethnicity disparities. Additional research is needed to identify trusted sources of information in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black communities and create effective messaging to disseminate correct COVID-19 prevention and treatment information.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation Among Unpaid Caregivers in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Relationships to Age, Race/Ethnicity, Employment, and Caregiver Intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark É Czeisler ◽  
Alexandra Drane ◽  
Sarah S Winnay ◽  
Emily R Capodilupo ◽  
Charles A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of unpaid caregiving during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify factors associated with adverse mental health symptoms, substance use, and suicidal ideation in this population, which provides critical support in health care systems by providing care to older adults and those with chronic conditions.MethodsIn June 2020, Internet-based surveys with questions about demographics, caregiving responsibilities, and mental health were administered to US adults aged ≥18 years. Demographic quota sampling and survey weighting to improve cross-sectional sample representativeness of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Prevalence ratios for adverse mental health symptoms were estimated using multivariable Poisson regressions.ResultsOf 9,896 eligible invited adults, 5,412 (54.7%) completed surveys; 5,011 (92.6%) respondents met screening criteria and were analysed, including 1,362 (27.2%) caregivers. Caregivers had higher prevalences of adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers, including anxiety or depressive disorder symptoms (57.6% vs 21.5%, respectively, p<0.0001) having recently seriously considered suicide (33.4% vs 3.7%, p<0.0001). Symptoms were more common among caregivers who were young vs older adults (e.g., aged 18–24 vs ≥65 years, aPR 2.75, 95% CI 1.95–3.88, p<0.0001), Hispanic or Latino vs non-Hispanic White (1.14, 1.04–1.25, p=0.0044), living with vs without disabilities (1.18, 1.10–1.26, p<0.0001), and with moderate and high vs low Caregiver Intensity Index scores (2.31, 1.65–3.23; 2.81, 2.00–3.94; both p<0.0001). Suicidal ideation was more prevalent among non-Hispanic Black vs non-Hispanic White caregivers (1.48, 1.15–1.90, p=0.0022).ConclusionsCaregivers, who accounted for one in four US adult respondents in this nationally representative sample, more commonly reported adverse mental health symptoms than non-caregivers. Increased visibility of and access to mental health care resources are urgently needed to address mental health challenges of caregiving.

scholarly journals Cognitive Impairment Trends Among Older Adults in a Medicaid Home and Community-Based Service Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Richard Fortinsky ◽  
Julie Robison ◽  
David Steffens ◽  
James Grady ◽  
Deborah Migneault
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Nursing Home Admission ◽  
Study Cohort

Abstract Cognitive impairment (CI) is an important risk factor for nursing home admission, but little is known about CI among older adults in Medicaid HCBS programs. Racial and ethnic group CI disparities are found among community-dwelling older adults, but these CI trends have not been explored in Medicaid HCBS populations. In this study, we determined how CI is associated with older adults’ racial and ethnic group identification and educational attainment in Connecticut’s Medicaid HCBS program. The study cohort includes program enrollees age &gt;65 during January-March 2019 (N=3,520). CI measures include: Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), ranging from 0-8 (cognitively intact to very severe impairment); and a dichotomous measure incorporating Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia diagnosis (ADRD) and CPS score signifying moderate or severe CI. Study cohort characteristics: 75.7% female; age, mean(sd)=79.1(8.2); Non-Hispanic White=47.8%; Non-Hispanic Black=15.9%; Non-Hispanic Other=2.7%; Hispanic=33.6%; HS education=21.7%; mean(sd) CPS score=2.7(1.9); 36.1% with ADRD/high CPS2 score. In multivariate regression models adjusting for age and sex, CPS scores were not independently associated with race and ethnicity, and the likelihood of having ADRD/high CPS scores did not differ by race and ethnicity (all p-values &gt;0.05). In these same models, persons with more than high school education had significantly lower CPS scores (b=-.12; p&lt;.001), and significantly lower likelihood of having ADRD/high CPS scores (AOR=0.61; p&lt;.001), than persons with less than high school education. We conclude that educational level is independently associated with CI, but race and ethnicity are not in this cohort. Policy and practice implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo ◽  
Linnea I. Laestadius
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

BACKGROUND Public health surveillance experts are leveraging user-generated content on social media to track the spread and effects of COVID-19. However, racial and ethnic digital divides, which are disparities among people who have internet access and post on social media, can bias inferences. This bias is particularly problematic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because due to structural inequalities, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately vulnerable to contracting the virus and to the deleterious economic and social effects from mitigation efforts. Further, important demographic intersections with race and ethnicity, such as gender and age, are rarely investigated in work characterizing social media users; however, they reflect additional axes of inequality shaping differential exposure to COVID-19 and its effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize how the race and ethnicity of US adults are associated with their odds of posting COVID-19 content on social media and how gender and age modify these odds. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from March 19 to 24, 2020, using a national probability sample (N=10,510). Respondents were recruited from an online panel, where panelists without an internet-enabled device were given one to keep at no cost. The binary dependent variable was responses to an item asking whether respondents “used social media to share or post information about the coronavirus.” We used survey-weighted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of responding in the affirmative based on the race and ethnicity of respondents (white, black, Latino, other race/ethnicity), adjusted for covariates measuring sociodemographic background and COVID-19 experiences. We examined how gender (female, male) and age (18 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years and older) intersected with race and ethnicity by estimating interactions. RESULTS Respondents who identified as black (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64; <i>P</i>=.03), Latino (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), or other races/ethnicities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72; <i>P</i>=.03) had higher odds than respondents who identified as white of reporting that they posted COVID-19 content on social media. Women had higher odds of posting than men regardless of race and ethnicity (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among men, respondents who identified as black, Latino, or members of other races/ethnicities were significantly more likely to post than respondents who identified as white. Older adults (65 years or older) had significantly lower odds (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94; <i>P</i>=.01) of posting compared to younger adults (18-29 years), particularly among those identifying as other races/ethnicities. Latino respondents were the most likely to report posting across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to contribute to COVID-19 content on social media, particularly among groups traditionally less likely to use social media (older adults and men). The next step is to ensure that data collection procedures capture this diversity by encompassing a breadth of search criteria and social media platforms.

scholarly journals Egg Consumption and Multi-Domain Cognitive Function in a Representative Sample of Older U.S. Adults (P14-004-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Krystle Zuniga ◽  
Bailey Noon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Whole Egg

Abstract Objectives Existing research supports a positive relationship between egg intake and cognitive function in older populations, though the impact of whole egg consumption on multi-domain cognitive function and cognitive decline in representative samples of older adults has not been described. We examined the association between egg consumption, cognitive performance, and cognitive change in a representative sample of U.S. adults age 65 and older. Methods We drew observations from the 2012 and 2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the recently released 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Study (HCNS). The analytic sample contained 3835 respondents, representing a weighted population of 37,806,082 community-dwelling U.S. adults age 65 and older in 2013. Path analytic models were estimated to identify the association between egg consumption groups (none, ≤1 serving per week, 2–6 servings per week, ≥7 servings per week) and cognitive performance across domains of working memory, executive function, and global mental status. First-order autoregressive models were used to assess change in cognition over the two-year observational period. Results Though bivariate analyses suggested that moderate egg consumers had the best cognitive performance at baseline, egg consumption was not associated with cognitive performance or cognitive change when adjusting models for covariates known to have a robust association with cognitive health such as race/ethnicity, education, and physical activity. Follow-up analyses suggested that overall dietary intake was not meaningfully related to egg consumption, though intake of specific nutrients contained in eggs such as cholesterol and choline generally increased with greater egg consumption. Conclusions These results suggest that egg consumption does not benefit, nor is detrimental to, the cognitive health of older adults. Further studies of whole egg consumption and cognitive performance would benefit from controlled experimental settings, extended follow-up periods to measure cognitive change, and assessment of both community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults. Funding Sources This research was supported by funding from the American Egg Board/Egg Nutrition Center.

Predictors of Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Anne Bell ◽  
Dianne Singer ◽  
Erica Solway ◽  
Mattias Kirch ◽  
Jeffrey Kullgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Evacuation Plans ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Hispanic White

ABSTRACT Objectives: Emergency preparedness becomes more important with increased age, as older adults are at heightened risk for harm from disasters. In this study, predictors of preparedness actions and confidence in preparedness among older adults in the United States were assessed. Methods: This nationally representative survey polled community-dwelling older adults ages 50-80 y (n = 2256) about emergency preparedness and confidence in addressing different types of emergencies. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reported emergency preparedness actions and confidence in addressing emergencies. Results: Participants’ mean age was 62.4 y (SD = 8); 52% were female, and 71% were non-Hispanic white. Living alone was associated with lower odds of having a 7-d supply of food and water (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.96), a stocked emergency kit (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.86), and having had conversations with family or friends about evacuation plans (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Use of equipment requiring electricity was associated with less confidence in addressing a power outage lasting more than 24 h (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.94), as was use of mobility aids (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.93). Conclusions: These results point to the need for tailored interventions to support emergency preparedness for older adults, particularly among those who live alone and use medical equipment requiring electricity.

scholarly journals What Are The Top-Circulating Magazines in the United States Telling Older Adults About Cognitive Health?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E. Mathews ◽  
Sarah B. Laditka ◽  
James N. Laditka ◽  
Daniela B. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Health

scholarly journals Cognitive health among older adults in the United States and in England

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M Langa ◽  
David J Llewellyn ◽  
Iain A Lang ◽  
David R Weir ◽  
Robert B Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cognitive Health

scholarly journals Work and Self-Rated Memory Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 334-334
Author(s):  
Yeonjung (Jane) Lee ◽  
Tyran Terada
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Native Hawaiian ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Pacific Islander ◽  
The United States ◽  
Productive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Productive Activities

Abstract According to the productive aging framework, productive activities can function as protective factors of cognitive health. Productive activities, such as work, have been linked to positive cognitive health outcomes in older adults. Yet, less is known about if the beneficial effects of work on cognition extend to the Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) older adult population. Thus, the purpose of this research is to investigate how work is associated with self-reported memory/concentration among NHOPI older adults. Moreover, the moderating role of education was explored. Using data from the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey (NHPI NHIS), the study explores the associations between work and self-rated levels of difficulty remembering or concentrating. A total of 1,045 older adults ages 50 years and older were included for analyses. Weighted multivariate analyses with multiple imputation techniques were used. The NHPI NHIS is the first federal survey focusing on the NHOPI population in the United States. Those who were engaged in work had lower odds of having severe difficulty memorizing or concentrating while controlling for other sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Interestingly, there was a significant interactive effect of work and education on self-rated memory. Those with lower education levels have lower self-rated memory, but the odds of having memory difficulty decreased when they worked. Findings highlight the importance of productive aging in promoting healthy cognitive aging. Research and practice addressing productive aging and cognition should provide culturally relevant resources to NHOPI older adults.

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