Fraudulent Data Detection and Prevention Within the National Caregiver Survey

Abstract The National Caregiver Survey is an online, incentivized survey that aims to gather information about the health and coping strategies used by Black family caregivers of persons with dementia. The survey data will help elucidate the relationships between coping, health, and adaptation to family caregiving and facilitate the development of culturally responsive caregiver support programming. Virtually distributing this survey made it cost-effective, easily accessible, and quick to produce usable data. The online format also helped the team reach caregivers from across the nation, as well as keep participants safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, because online surveys are advertised and administered digitally, they become targets for hacking, especially when the surveys are incentivized. The hacking attempts are executed through digital survey bots and threaten the integrity of the collected data. These corrupt responses also increase study costs by falsely rewarding the hackers for their survey responses and research team time in the investigation, detection, and removal of fraudulent responses. To detect potential bots, a reCAPTCHA bot system was incorporated into the survey, and survey questions were formatted specifically to thwart hacking attempts. Finally, data were cleaned to remove illogical, inconsistent, and duplicative surveys. Findings from this work may help researchers improve online survey design and data collection methods to provide greater confidence in conclusions drawn from virtually surveyed data.

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Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12239943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 9943

Author(s):

Jong-Won Lee ◽

Deuk-Woo Kim ◽

Seung-Eon Lee ◽

Jae-Weon Jeong

Keyword(s):

Data Visualization ◽

Online Survey ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cost Effective Approach ◽

Literature Reviews ◽

Survey System ◽

The Difference ◽

Survey Responses

This paper summarizes the recent post-occupancy evaluation (POE) method studies and latest literature reviews. According to the research trends, data visualization of an occupant’s feedback is an important perspective and surveys through POE methods have provided a quick and cost-effective approach for gathering and analyzing an occupant’s feedback. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a web-based building occupant survey system that incorporates new approaches based on a geographic information system (GIS) tool and open-source spatial information. This paper reports the following to provide the detailed system framework: (1) development requirements from literature reviews; (2) integration of collected data and 3D (three dimensional) spatial information; (3) system processes and user-friendly functions; and (4) pilot test and data visualization. The difference between the proposed platform and existing online survey systems is that in the former the survey responses are linked to the 3D spatial information of the buildings on a map. Thus, the results provide more intuitive insights for building managers and occupants to identify specific performance issues related to the building.

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Culinary fans vs culinary critics: characteristics and behavior

International Hospitality Review ◽

10.1108/ihr-10-2019-0024 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 41-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robin M. Back ◽

Bendegul Okumus ◽

Asli D.A. Tasci

Keyword(s):

Travel Behavior ◽

Online Survey ◽

Survey Design ◽

Visitor Experience ◽

Potential Core ◽

Content Type ◽

Tourism Product ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Revisit Intentions ◽

Survey Responses

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to profile Orlando and Florida culinary fans and compare them to culinary critics on several factors, including sociodemographics, psychographics, and travel behavior characteristics, and to identify potential factors that explain visitors' tendency to promote or criticize the cuisine of a destination. The study also seeks to identify the image attributes that explain the likelihood to visit for culinary fans and critics.Design/methodology/approachOnline survey responses from 4,082 participants were analyzed using Qualtrics for survey design and Amazon's Mechanical Turk for data collection.FindingsDemographic differences between culinary fans and critics were identified and significant relationships between perceptions of a destination's cuisine and various elements of the visitor experience were found.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study extends the literature on the characteristics of culinary tourists by showing a significant relationship between perceptions of a destination's cuisine and various elements of the visitor experience, such as destination image, satisfaction, number of past trips, and revisit intentions. Future studies should look at a greater number of distinct and geographically diverse destinations to test the generalizability of the current study's findings.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide implication for destination marketers in general and for those of Orlando and Florida in particular, especially in using cuisine as a potential core offering rather than a peripheral tourism product.Originality/valueThis study is believed to be the first to compare culinary fans and culinary critics, thereby extending the literature and demonstrating several differences between the two groups.

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Development and Initial Validation of the Transracial Adoption Parenting Scale—Revised

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731516656802 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 493-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jaegoo Lee ◽

Josie Crolley-Simic ◽

M. Elizabeth Vonk

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Survey Design ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Transracial Adoption ◽

Adoptive Parents ◽

Racial Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Initial Validation ◽

Parenting Scale ◽

And Coping

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide an initial validation of a revision of the Transracial Adoption Parenting Scale—Revised (TAPS-R) with international transracial adoptive parents. Method: This study employed a cross-sectional, online survey design to recruit transracial adoptive parents from a parent support group, Families for Chinese Children. Results: Exploratory factor analysis reveals that the 47-item TAPS-R is a valid scale, which includes four factors: racial awareness, multicultural planning, integration, and coping skills. The analysis results of Cronbach’s α coefficient revealed that the scale as a whole and subscales have good or excellent reliability. Using correlational analyses, construct validity was established. Discussion: The TAPS-R proved to have sound reliability and validity to measure racial awareness and cultural and racial socialization practices and thus can be useful in transracial adoption parenting.

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Social media as a platform for recruitment to a national survey during the COVID-19 pandemic: a feasibility analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28656 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heidi Lord ◽

Ritin Fernandez ◽

Catherine MacPhail

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Online Survey ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Cost Effective ◽

National Sample ◽

Health And Wellbeing ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

Survey Responses ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND With the improved accessibility to social media globally, health researchers are capitalising on this method to recruit participants for research studies. This has particularly been the case during COVID-19, when traditional methods of recruitment have not been able to be used. Despite this, there is limited evidence on the feasibility of social media for recruiting a national sample. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the use of social media as a tool for recruiting a national sample of adults to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Between August – October 2020, participants were recruited through Facebook via two advertisement campaigns into an online survey exploring the relationship between social determinants of health and wellbeing of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analysed using the Facebook metrics auto generated in the Facebook Ads Manager. RESULTS In total, 9594 people were reached nationally with the paid advertisement campaigns, resulting in 1211 online survey responses. The total cost of the advertisement campaign was $649.66, resulting in an overall cost per click of $0.25 AUD. CONCLUSIONS Facebook is a feasible and cost-effective method of recruiting participants into an online survey, enabling recruitment of population groups considered hard to reach or marginalised. Recruitment through Facebook facilitated diversity, with participants varying in socioeconomic status, geographical location, educational attainment and age.

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Pediatric neurosurgery in Asia and Australasia: training and clinical practice

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2020.6.peds20399 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 93-101

Author(s):

Ronnie E. Baticulon ◽

Michael C. Dewan ◽

Nunthasiri Wittayanakorn ◽

Philipp R. Aldana ◽

Wirginia J. Maixner

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Online Survey ◽

Vascular Malformations ◽

Economic Status ◽

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

Income Group ◽

Fellowship Training ◽

Pediatric Epilepsy ◽

Skill Sets ◽

Survey Responses

OBJECTIVEThere are limited data on the pediatric neurosurgical workforce in Asia and Australasia. The training and clinical practice of pediatric neurosurgeons need to be characterized in order to identify gaps in knowledge and skills, thereby establishing a framework from which to elevate pediatric neurosurgical care in the region.METHODSAn online survey for pediatric neurosurgeons was created in REDCap (Research Electronic Database Capture), collecting demographic information and data on pediatric neurosurgical training and clinical practice. The link to answer the survey was sent to the mailing lists of the Asian Australasian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery and the Japanese Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, disseminated during the 2019 Asian Australasian Pediatric Neurosurgery Congress, and spread through social media. The survey was open to neurosurgeons who operated on patients ≤ 18 years old in Asian Australasian countries, whether or not they had completed fellowship training in pediatric neurosurgery. Descriptive statistics were computed and tabulated. Data were stratified and compared based on surgeon training and World Bank income group.RESULTSA total of 155 valid survey responses were analyzed, representing neurosurgeons from 21 countries. A total of 107 (69%) considered themselves pediatric neurosurgeons, of whom 66 (43%) had completed pediatric neurosurgery training. Neurosurgeons in East Asia commonly undergo a fellowship in their home countries, whereas the rest train mostly in North America, Europe, and Australia. A majority (89%) had operating privileges, and subspecialty pediatric training usually lasted from 6 months to 2 years. On average, trained pediatric neurosurgeons perform a higher number of pediatric neurosurgical operations per year compared with nonpediatric-trained respondents (131 ± 129 vs 56 ± 64 [mean ± SD], p = 0.0001). The mean number of total neurosurgical operations per year is similar for both groups (184 ± 129 vs 178 ± 142 [mean ± SD], p = 0.80). Respondents expressed the desire to train further in pediatric epilepsy, spasticity, vascular malformations, craniofacial disorders, and brain tumors.CONCLUSIONSBoth pediatric and general neurosurgeons provide neurosurgical care to children in Asia and Australasia. There is a need to increase pediatric neurosurgery fellowship programs in the region. Skill sets and training needs in pediatric neurosurgery vary depending on the country’s economic status and between pediatric-trained and nonpediatric-trained surgeons.

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Buying-Shopping Disorder among Women: The Role of Vulnerability to Marketing, Buying Motives, Impulsivity, and Self-Esteem

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000511769 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 294-303

Author(s):

Emeline Chauchard ◽

Julie Mariez ◽

Marie Grall-Bronnec ◽

Gaëlle Challet-Bouju

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Marketing Research ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Marketing Strategies ◽

Fashion Industry ◽

Intention To Purchase ◽

And Coping ◽

Alcohol Users ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: The influence of marketing on addictive behaviours has been studied among tobacco and alcohol users. Although the fashion industry is highly influenced by marketing, research has poorly studied vulnerability to fashion marketing as a factor related to buying-shopping disorder (BSD) while considering psychological characteristics (buying motives, impulsivity, and self-esteem). Objective: The objective of the present work is to investigate the relationship between vulnerability to marketing and BSD. Methods: Women (n = 242) were exclusively recruited through social networking. They completed an online survey exploring the severity of BSD using the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and the psychological factors associated with BSD (impulsivity, self-esteem, and buying motives) and an experimental task designed to investigate the intention to purchase in several situations, where marketing modalities such as price, brand, and packaging fluctuate. Results: Among the 242 participants in the study, 34 were identified as compulsive buyers (14%). Income level was considered, and compulsive buyers displayed a higher level of vulnerability to marketing, except for the packaging modality. High levels of positive urgency, lack of premeditation, and coping motivation were found to be significant predictors of the CBS score, but vulnerability to marketing was not. Discussion and Conclusions: Compulsive buyers seem to be more sensitive to marketing strategies, although vulnerability to marketing was not identified as a predictor of the severity of BSD. Given the enormous literature on the role of marketing in other addictive behaviours, further studies are needed to better understand the role of marketing in BSD to develop appropriate public health policies.

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781. C.difficile PCR+/ Toxin EIA- treat or not treat? A clinician survey

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S435-S436

Author(s):

Sarath G Nath ◽

Francesca Lee ◽

Anjali Bararia ◽

Ank E Nijhawan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Judgment ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

False Positive Diagnosis ◽

Missed Diagnosis ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Survey Responses ◽

And Training

Abstract Background C.difficile Toxin Polymerase Chain Reaction (C.diff PCR) and C.difficile Toxin Enzyme Immunoassays (toxin EIA) are commonly used tests to diagnose Clostridoides difficile infection (CDI). C.diff PCR cannot differentiate between colonization and infection, leading to a higher false-positive diagnosis of CDI. Toxin EIA has low sensitivity leading to a missed diagnosis of CDI. In patients with C.diff PCR positive(+) and Toxin EIA negative(-), clinical judgment is often needed regarding the decision to treat or not to treat. C.diff cytotoxic assay (CCA), is a more sensitive method to detect the toxin but is time-consuming and not readily available. Methods Between 6/2019 and 12/2019, 83 patients who were admitted to the hospital, met our inclusion criteria (C.diff PCR+/EIA-). Clinicians who cared for these patients were contacted and surveyed with a predesigned questionnaire evaluating the rationale of treatment. Also, a simultaneous medical records review was done to ensure consistency. Along with this C.diff PCR+/EIA- stool samples were sent to ARUP laboratories for CCA. The CCA results were not available for clinicians and did not impact clinical care. Average cost for a CCA assay was $29 Results Demographics of the clinicians were variable (Table 1). Several parameters were considered when making decisions regarding treatment and GI/ID were frequently involved (figure 1). Among the 83 patients, 41(49%) were CCA (+) and 42(51%) were CCA (-). 48 of 83 (58%) patients received treatment for CDI. 25 of 48 (52%) patients who were treated were CCA positive while 23 of 48 (48%) patients were CCA negative. Among the untreated patients, 16/35 (46%) were CCA+ while 19/35(54%) were CCA-. There was no statistically significant correlation between clinical judgment and CCA assay results (p: 0.56 on the Chi test). Demographics of the clinicians Clinician survey responses CDI Treatment and by CCA positivity Conclusion Clinicians regardless of their background and training face challenges with the treatment of C.diff PCR+/EIA- patients. Patient outcomes based on the incorporation of CCA assay into an algorithm for C.diff PCR+/EIA- patients, need to be evaluated. But it has a potential role in stopping unnecessary CDI treatment as well as avoidance of missed treatment opportunities while possibly also being cost-effective. Disclosures Ank E. Nijhawan, MD, MPH, Gilead (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)

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Building a Model of Family Caregiving for Children with Emotional Disorders

Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders ◽

10.1177/106342669700500302 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 138-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Thomas P. Mcdonald ◽

Thomas K. Gregoire ◽

John Poertner ◽

Theresa J. Early

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Problem Behaviors ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Special Challenge ◽

And Coping

In this article we describe the results of an ongoing effort to better understand the caregiving process in families of children with severe emotional problems. We make two assumptions. First, we assume that these families are essentially like other families but are faced with a special challenge in raising and caring for their special children while at the same time performing the multiple tasks and demands faced by all families. Second, we assume that public policy and programs must be supportive of the care of these children in their own homes and communities whenever possible. The purpose of this article is to present a model of family caregiving that draws broadly from available theory and empirical literature in multiple fields and to subject this model to empirical testing. We use structural equation modeling with latent variables to estimate an empirical model based on the theoretical model. Results of the model testing point to the importance of the child's external problem behaviors and the family's socioeconomic status and coping strategies as determinants of caregiver stress. Other findings highlight difficulties in measuring and modeling the complex mediating process, which includes formal and informal supports, perceptions, and coping behaviors. The use of structural equation modeling can benefit our efforts to support families by making explicit our theories about the important dimensions of this process and the relationship between these dimensions, which can then be subjected to measurement and validation.

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“Caring for the Elderly is Very Difficult”: Challenges and Coping Strategies of Caregivers in Urban Poor Accra, Ghana

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773820982307 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105477382098230

Author(s):

Frank Kyei-Arthur ◽

Samuel Nii Ardey Codjoe

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Family Caregiving ◽

Urban Poor ◽

Phenomenological Study ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Elderly Care ◽

The Elderly ◽

Care Recipients ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

And Coping

This study is part of a broader phenomenological study on the experiences of family caregivers and their care recipients. There is a general paucity of research on the experiences of primary and secondary caregivers, and the negative impact of elderly care on caregivers in the urban poor settings in Ghana. This study explored primary and secondary caregivers’ challenges and coping strategies in the urban poor context in Accra, Ghana. This study was conducted in Ga Mashie. Thirty-one caregivers were interviewed. A phenomenological analysis was conducted using NVivo 10. Primary and secondary caregivers experienced economic, physical, social, and psychological burdens. Also, caregivers used spirituality and perseverance to cope with their challenges. The findings demonstrate that caregivers’ challenges varied by type of caregiver. Researchers and policymakers should consider the type of caregiver when designing interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of family caregiving on caregivers.

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Stress-related emotional and behavioural impact following the first COVID-19 outbreak peak

Molecular Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41380-021-01219-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Asaf Benjamin ◽

Yael Kuperman ◽

Noa Eren ◽

Ron Rotkopf ◽

Maya Amitai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Impact ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Distress Symptoms ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Physiological Symptoms ◽

Individual Ability ◽

And Coping

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic poses multiple psychologically stressful challenges and is associated with an increased risk for mental illness. Previous studies have focused on the psychopathological symptoms associated with the outbreak peak. Here, we examined the behavioural and mental-health impact of the pandemic in Israel using an online survey, during the six weeks encompassing the end of the first outbreak and the beginning of the second. We used clinically validated instruments to assess anxiety- and depression-related emotional distress, symptoms, and coping strategies, as well as questions designed to specifically assess COVID-19-related concerns. Higher emotional burden was associated with being female, younger, unemployed, living in high socioeconomic status localities, having prior medical conditions, encountering more people, and experiencing physiological symptoms. Our findings highlight the environmental context and its importance in understanding individual ability to cope with the long-term stressful challenges of the pandemic.

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