scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Coping Style and Attitudes Towards Palliative Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 895-895
Author(s):  
Ilana Engel ◽  
Amber Watts ◽  
Tamara Baker ◽  
Christian Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Tailored Approach

Abstract Palliative care (PC) is becoming more widely available and its benefits, including improved quality of life for patients, have been demonstrated. Studies on patient-level barriers to PC access focus on knowledge and misperceptions. This study aimed to explore, among a community sample, whether more approach-focused coping styles may be associated with more positive attitudes towards PC and whether more avoidant coping styles are associated with more negative attitudes towards PC. Two linear regression analyses (an approach model and an avoidance model) were conducted to determine predictors of attitudes towards PC, controlling for potential confounds. The sample consisted of 87 community-dwelling adults ages 65+ (mean age=72.72 (5.88); 56.32% = women; 86.21% = White). In both models, more knowledge of PC was associated with more positive attitudes towards PC (β = .71, p<.01). Coping by engaging more social support was significantly associated with more positive attitudes towards PC (β = .54, p<.05). Results demonstrated a significant interaction (β = -1.24, p<.01) such that women who endorsed high levels of disengaged coping reported more favorable attitudes towards PC than men who endorsed high levels of disengaged coping. Results indicate the need for a tailored approach to PC education for patients and families. Men who often cope with a stressor via distraction, self-blame, denial, or giving up may be less receptive to acceptance of PC. Future research on educational interventions tailored for individuals with distinct coping styles may be beneficial, particularly for men who frequently rely on disengaged coping styles.

Prejudice toward immigrants in student and community samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wood ◽  
Monica K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Causes Of Crime ◽  
Attributional Complexity ◽  
Prejudicial Attitudes

Purpose The number of immigrants in the USA has increased steadily in recent decades. Two studies investigated individual differences that relate to attitudes toward immigrants in student and community samples. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach US university students and a community sampler were surveyed. Findings In both samples, higher scores on attributional complexity were associated with more positive attitudes toward immigrants and individuals who make dispositional attributions for the causes of crime and/or who are higher in faith in intuition tended to have more negative attitudes. Political orientation was a significant predictor in both samples; being more liberal and identifying as a Democrat compared to a Republican was related to more positive attitudes. Higher need for cognition scores were associated with more positive attitudes and higher legal authoritarianism scores were associated with more negative attitudes; however these were only significant predictors in the community sample. Originality/value Prejudicial attitudes toward immigrants can have adverse effects on immigrants in the realms of the legal system, workplace, healthcare, and education.

scholarly journals Gamers’ Attitudes towards Victims of Crime

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia McLean ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Violent Video Games ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Violent Video Game ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Game Players

Research on video game playing has focused mainly on the effects of such games in relation to aggression and attitudes towards perpetrators and towards crime. The present research was designed to investigate gamers’ attitudes towards victims of crimes and incidents that were designed to mirror those portrayed in violent video games. Vignettes were used during interviews to explore 50 participants’ attitudes towards different types of victims. The results indicate that long-term playing of violent video games appears to be associated with more negative attitudes towards victims of crime. This is the first study to directly explore attitudes towards victims of crime, in relation to violent video game exposure. Compared to nonviolent video game players, the violent video game players in the study reported less positive attitudes towards the victims in the study and attributed more blame to the victims. The implications of this finding in the context of previous research on violent video games, and on attitudes are explored. Directions for future research in the area are also highlighted.

University Students’ Attitudes Toward Palliative Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen B. Miltiades
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
University Students ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Life Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students Attitudes

This study examines the experiences and beliefs of university students which affect attitudes toward palliative care. A total of 322 students responded to a survey on palliative care and end-of-life attitudes. Almost 40% of the students reported not having enough knowledge about options at the end of life. Results of multiple regression indicate students who have more negative attitudes toward palliative care did not believe in end-of-life care planning. Female students and those who had a family member or friend who used palliative care had more positive attitudes toward palliative care. Understanding student perceptions of palliative care allows for developing curriculum sensitive to learners’ needs and addressing misconceptions.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Polish Medical and Health Sciences Students towards Persons with Physical Disabilities Using the MAS-PL Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7787
Author(s):  
Iwona Radlińska ◽  
Marta Kożybska ◽  
Beata Karakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Health Sciences Students

Discovering the role of negative attitudes in the social functioning of people with disabilities, tools were developed to measure these attitudes, of which the Multidimensional Attitude Scale of People with Disabilities (MAS) is a good one. It is particularly important to study the attitudes of people who are professionally involved in meeting the needs of people with disabilities. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes towards people with physical disabilities among medical and health sciences students regarding gender, year of study, field of study, and place of residence. The study was conducted among 625 students in Poland with the use of the MAS-PL scale. The results obtained indicate that women display more positive attitudes towards people with disabilities than men in the cognition and behavioural domains. In the emotional domain, these attitudes were more negative than in the other domains and almost identical for both genders. The year of study, field of study, and place of residence did not differentiate students in terms of their MAS score. Since the sociodemographic variables studied do not determine a positive attitude, educational interventions to increase contact with people with disabilities should be undertaken in future research, and this factor should be investigated as an element of attitude modulation.

scholarly journals Online Learning by Means of Zoom in the Period of the COVID-19 Crisis, as Perceived by Students in Higher Studies [Abstract]

10.28945/4814 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Daniels Rahimi ◽  
Gila Cohen Zilka
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Towards Learning

Aim/Purpose: This study examined students’ attitudes to characteristics of learning in Zoom, attitudes to the quality of teaching in Zoom and ways of learning, about a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Background COVID-19 crisis caused exposure to online learning on the largest scale known in human history, and that together with the challenges of the transition to online learning, there are also opportunities to change perceptions of teaching and learning, and to include new ways in the learning and teaching process in higher education. Methodology: The research question was: What are students’ attitudes to the characteristics of learning in Zoom, the quality of teaching in Zoom and ways of learning in Zoom? The study is a quantitative one, the questionnaire contained closed questions, and 712 students who study in higher education institutions in Israel participated in the study. Contribution: Facilitators, inhibitors, implications and recommendations were identified. Findings: The findings showed that most students are satisfied with learning in Zoom, and that there was a significant improvement in the students’ attitudes towards learning in Zoom during their studies in the shadow of Covid-19. It was found that older students have more positive attitudes towards learning in Zoom, and learning disorders are connected to more negative attitudes towards learning in Zoom; however, there was also an improvement in the attitudes of students with learning disorders, during their learning experience in the shadow of COVID-19. Recommendations for Practitioners: This study shows that most students are satisfied with learning in Zoom and that there was a significant improvement in students’ attitudes towards learning in Zoom during their studies in the shadow of COVID-19, a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. Recommendations for Researchers: It was found that older students have more positive attitudes towards learning in Zoom, and learning disorders are connected to more negative attitudes towards distance learning; however, among students with learning disorders there was also an improvement in attitudes during their studies in the shadow of COVID-19. Impact on Society: The present crisis could be a catalyst for processes that have been taking place in recent years in the use of technology in teaching and learning and in the transition to online learning. Future Research: Future research on the effectiveness of learning by means of Zoom in higher education could examine parameters such as evaluation of the learners’ achievements, the quality of the assignments presented by the students, meeting schedules, whether lecturers manage to teach all the subject matter, the quality of the discussions in Zoom, use of technological tools, use of 21st century skills and similar.

scholarly journals Estudio de las actitudes y el interés de los docentes de primaria de educación física por las TIC en la Comunidad Valenciana (Primary Physical Education teachers’ attitudes and interests towards ICT in the Valencian Community)

Retos ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
José Díaz Barahona ◽  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Manuel Monfort-Pañego
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Education Teachers ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

Las actitudes negativas y el desinterés del profesorado parecen ser dos barreras que frenan la integración de las TIC en el sistema educativo. En educación física, además, faltan instrumentos específicos para estudiar y valorar estas variables. El objetivo del trabajo fue desarrollar y validar, por el método Delfhi, un cuestionario para conocer las actitudes y el interés del profesorado de educación física por las TIC atendiendo a la edad y al género. Posteriormente se aplicó a una muestra representativa de 145 docentes de enseñanza primaria de Valencia y área metropolitana. Los resultados indicaron que el cuestionario poseía una fiabilidad y validez adecuadas para estudiar dichas variables, confirmando la existencia de actitudes más positivas entre el profesorado joven respecto al de mayor edad. También revelaron que las actitudes funcionan como predictoras positivas del interés por las TIC y que la edad se relaciona negativamente con las actitudes. Estos hallazgos animan a profundizar en el estudio de las variables sociodemográficas en relación al uso de las TIC, pues su medición es clave para orientar los procesos de formación inicial y permanente del profesorado.Abstract. Negative attitudes and the lack of interest among teachers seem to be two of the main barriers to the integration of ICT in the educational system. In subjects such as physical education, there is a lack of specific instruments assessing teachers’ attitudes and interests towards ICT. The objective of this study was employ the Delphi method to develop and validate by age and gender a questionnaire to measure PE teachers’ attitudes and interest towards ICTs. Subsequently, the survey was applied to a representative sample of 145 primary school teachers from the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area. The results indicated that the questionnaire had good reliability and validity. Findings also showed that there are more positive attitudes among younger teachers than among the older ones. Moreover, the results showed that attitudes were positive correlates of ICT interest and that teachers’ age was negatively related to attitudes towards ICT. The present findings suggest the importance for future research to delve into sociodemographic variables in relation to the use of ICT.

scholarly journals A Corpus-Assisted Discourse Study of Attitudes toward Spanish as a Heritage Language in Florida

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ethan Kutlu ◽  
Ruth Kircher
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Twitter Users

Spanish speakers constitute the largest heritage language community in the US. The state of Florida is unusual in that, on one hand, it has one of the highest foreign-born resident rates in the country, most of whom originate from Latin America—but on the other hand, Florida has a comparatively low Spanish language vitality. In this exploratory study of attitudes toward Spanish as a heritage language in Florida, we analyzed two corpora (one English: 5,405,947 words, and one Spanish: 525,425 words) consisting of recent Twitter data. We examined frequencies, collocations, concordance lines, and larger text segments. The results indicate predominantly negative attitudes toward Spanish on the status dimension, but predominantly positive attitudes on the solidarity dimension. Despite the latter, transmission and use of Spanish were found to be affected by pressure to assimilate, and fear of negative societal repercussions. We also found Spanish to be used less frequently than English to tweet about attitudes; instead, Spanish was frequently used to attract Twitter users’ attention to specific links in the language. We discuss the implications of our findings (should they generalize) for the future of Spanish in Florida, and we provide directions for future research.

Relating adolescents’ exposure to legacy and digital news media and intergroup contact to their attitudes towards immigrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Vissenberg ◽  
David De Coninck ◽  
Leen d’Haenens
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Television News ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
School Context ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
News Consumption ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Abstract Previous research has found that news coverage on immigration is often biased in negative ways and that it inspires the formation of negative attitudes towards immigrants. However, academic research about this link between news consumption and attitudes towards immigrants among adolescents remains limited. The current study aims to test this association from a media-exposure and intergroup-contact perspective using survey data from 875 adolescents in Flanders, Belgium. The findings show that only television news consumption, thus no other types of news consumption, was associated with adolescents’ attitudes towards immigrants. Intergroup contact within the friend group, outside the school context, was linked to more positive attitudes. This study nuances earlier findings that news consumption predicts attitudes towards immigrants. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Ageism in the organizational context - the perception of Brazilian workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-772
Author(s):  
Lucia Helena de Freitas Pinho França ◽  
Andreia da Rocha Siqueira-Brito ◽  
Felipe Valentini ◽  
Ione Vasques-Menezes ◽  
Claudio Vaz Torres
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Exploratory Factorial Analysis

Abstract Objective: elaborate a scale for ageism in an organizational context (Escala de Ageismo no Contexto Organizacional or EACO), seeking evidence of its structural validity and investigating possible differences in prejudices against elderly workers. This article also highlighted differences between gender, age and levels of schooling. Method: the project was divided into two studies: the first focused on the construction of the EACO, testing the understanding of the initial instrument among 82 workers. A new version was sent to and analyzed by ten judges, resulting in a 28-item scale with six dimensions. The second study presented evidence of the validity of the EACO, using a more robust national sample. The modified instrument was electronically issued to 2,400 workers of varying ages from different regions of Brazil, with 600 participants responding. Results: Exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) resulted in an EACO with 14 items, with satisfactory eigenvalues, factorial loads and communality, grouped into two dimensions: D1 - negative attitudes, composed of cognitive and health aspects (α=0.83) and D2 - positive attitudes, composed of affective aspects (α=0.77). Younger workers had more negative attitudes towards aging than older workers, who in turn had more positive attitudes than younger individuals. Conclusion: The EACO tested ageism in organizations and demonstrated evidence of validity. It is also recommended, however, that the scale is used in its longer version in future research, with national and transnational groups and participants of different educational levels.

“I Don’t let These Felonies Hold me Back!”: How Street-Identified Black Men and Women Use Resilience to Radically Reframe Reentry

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110479
Author(s):  
Yasser A. Payne ◽  
Tara M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Reentry Programs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This street participatory action research project trained 15 local residents to document a community sample of street-identified Black men and women’s (ages 18–35 years) experiences with reentry in two low-income Black neighborhoods. The following multi-method data were collected: (a) 520 surveys; (b) 24 individual interviews; (c) four dual interviews; and (d) three group interviews. Descriptive and univariate analysis of variance analysis revealed most participants as a function of gender and age-groups held positive attitudes toward reentry, overall; positive attitudes toward returning citizens; negative attitudes toward reentry programs; and negative attitudes toward the reentry process. Qualitative analysis suggested negative experiences with reentry were the result of a racialized structural violence complex; and strategies employed to navigate reentry included legal and illegal approaches. Also, short and long-term goals with reentry were generally achieved through enduring major bouts of unemployment, economic poverty, and low-wage work.

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