scholarly journals Measurement Invariance of a Latent Dementia Index by Gender in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1020-1020
Author(s):  
Joseph Saenz ◽  
Alice Kim ◽  
Christopher Beam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mini Mental Status Exam ◽  
Likelihood Model ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract Population-based aging studies allow researchers to study dementia and its correlates. Few include dementia diagnoses. Latent variable models have been used to create latent dementia indexes (LDI) using cognitive and functional ability to approximate dementia. The LDI is applied across diverse populations, but it is unclear whether gender affects its measurement properties. We assess whether the LDI can be used to measure dementia equivalently for men and women. We use the 2001-2003 Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (n=856, 355 men, 501 women). Cognitive ability was assessed using memory, executive function, attention, spatial ability, orientation, and language tasks. Functional ability was informant-reported. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test factorial invariance across gender and compare latent means to determine which group had lower means, consistent with greater dementia likelihood. Model fitting results suggest metric invariance of the LDI but only partial scalar invariance across gender. Latent mean differences in the LDI were observed (Mdiff = .39, SE = 0.19, p = .042), with women lower, on average, than men. Correlations between LDI and dementia diagnosis were stronger for both men (r=-.82) and women (r=-.85) than correlations between dementia and Mini-Mental Status Exam scores (-.69 and -.73, respectively). The LDI may be reliably and validly used to measure and compare dementia likelihood in men and women. Results suggest lower LDI scores in women, indicating greater dementia likelihood. Gender differences may be partially attributed to differences in measurement properties of items, possibly due to gender differences in educational returns and employment factors.

scholarly journals Psychological distress in mid-life: evidence from the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Ploubidis ◽  
A. Sullivan ◽  
M. Brown ◽  
A. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Childhood Conditions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
British Cohort Study

BackgroundThis paper addresses the levels of psychological distress experienced at age 42 years by men and women born in 1958 and 1970. Comparing these cohorts born 12 years apart, we ask whether psychological distress has increased, and, if so, whether this increase can be explained by differences in their childhood conditions.MethodData were utilized from two well-known population-based birth cohorts, the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study. Latent variable models and causal mediation methods were employed.ResultsAfter establishing the measurement equivalence of psychological distress in the two cohorts we found that men and women born in 1970 reported higher levels of psychological distress compared with those born in 1958. These differences were more pronounced in men (b = 0.314, 95% confidence interval 0.252–0.375), with the magnitude of the effect being twice as strong compared with women (b = 0.147, 95% confidence interval 0.076–0.218). The effect of all hypothesized early-life mediators in explaining these differences was modest.ConclusionsOur findings have implications for public health policy, indicating a higher average level of psychological distress among a cohort born in 1970 compared with a generation born 12 years earlier. Due to increases in life expectancy, more recently born cohorts are expected to live longer, which implies – if such differences persist – that they are likely to spend more years with mental health-related morbidity compared with earlier-born cohorts.

Gender-Related Differential Item Functioning in Vocational Interest Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Benedikt Hell
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Test Functioning ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Differential Test

Large mean differences are consistently found in the vocational interests of men and women. These differences may be attributable to real differences in the underlying traits. However, they may also depend on the properties of the instrument being used. It is conceivable that, in addition to the intended dimension, items assess a second dimension that differentially influences responses by men and women. This question is addressed in the present study by analyzing a widely used German interest inventory (Allgemeiner Interessen-Struktur-Test, AIST-R) regarding differential item functioning (DIF) using a DIF estimate in the framework of item response theory. Furthermore, the impact of DIF at the scale level is investigated using differential test functioning (DTF) analyses. Several items on the AIST-R’s scales showed significant DIF, especially on the Realistic, Social, and Enterprising scales. Removal of DIF items reduced gender differences on the Realistic scale, though gender differences on the Investigative, Artistic, and Social scales remained practically unchanged. Thus, responses to some AIST-R items appear to be influenced by a secondary dimension apart from the interest domain the items were intended to measure.

scholarly journals Converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2026112118
Author(s):  
Christian Thöni ◽  
Stefan Volk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender differences in time, risk, and social preferences are important determinants of differential choices of men and women, with broad implications for gender-specific social and economic outcomes. To better understand the shape and form of gender differences in preferences, researchers have traditionally examined the mean differences between the two genders. We present an alternative perspective of greater male variability in preferences. In a meta-analysis of experimental economics studies with more than 50,000 individuals in 97 samples, we find converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences. In some cases, we find greater male variability in addition to mean differences; in some cases, we only find greater male variability. Our findings suggest that theories of gender differences are incomplete if they fail to consider how the complex interaction of between-gender differences and within-gender variability determines differential choices and outcomes between women and men.

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

Relasi Gender dalam Keragaman Qira'at

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Many

Knowledge of  qirā’at  until now has only been regarded as under-standing the various methodologies used in reciting the Quran. There has been very little research into analyzing the implications of recitative differences in terms of their purpose, although the many versions of qira’at rightly give rise to differing exegesis. This paper seeks to examine the implication of Qur’anic recitation in those religious verses that concern gender relations. There are many religious verses that address gender differences but this paper only examines verses connected with the opposite sexes shaking hands and permission for women to work outside the home.  This second verse is mentioned because until now there has often been the viewpoint that women ought not work outside the home as long as men and women shake hands at the beginning and end of business matters. For that reason, this paper is very suitable for analysis as a reminder that very rarely is there a person who interprets the Qur’an from an angle of familiarity with various qira’at.

Association between BMI variability and risk of fracture among Korean men and women: a population based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoosun Cho ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Young Ho Yun ◽  
Belong Cho ◽  
Ji-Yeob Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Fracture

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document