scholarly journals EXPLORING RACIAL-ETHNICITY DIFFERENCES IN SERVICES USED BY GRANDPARENTS RAISING GRANDCHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S674-S674
Author(s):  
Tamar E Shovali ◽  
Kerstin G Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Community Services ◽  
White Children ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
Service Accessibility ◽  
The Us ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Nearly three million grandparents in the US serve as primary caregivers for their grandchildren. Little research on formal service use and grandfamilies exists for Black and Hispanic populations. To begin to address this gap we conducted exploratory analyses using nationally representative estimates of characteristics and service accessibility of noninstitutionalized children living with grandparents from the 2013 National Survey of Children in Nonparental Care. Our goal was to understand differences in service use as a function of grandfamily race/ethnicity. We specifically explored grandparents’ formal service count, financial services received, confidence in obtaining/using community services, and level of role preparation by race/ethnicity. We calculated descriptive statistics for these service variables for grandparents raising Hispanic, White, Black, and Other identified grandchildren (N = 892). On average, there was a minimal range for the number of formal services used (M range = 5.26 – 5.84, possible = 0 – 10 higher equals more services used), reported number of financial services (M range = 0.71 - 0.78, possible = 0 – 3 higher equals more financial services received), and confidence obtaining/using services (M range = 7.4—7.9, possible = 1 – 9 higher equal more confidence). Most prepared to take on the caregiving role were grandparents of White children (55%) followed by Black (21.6%), Other (12.3%), and Hispanic (11.1%) indicating that although grandparents in this sample report being confident and able to access formal services, grandparents of White children report being feeling more prepared to take on caregiving than grandparents of Black, Hispanic, and Other combined.

scholarly journals Life on the Edge: Patterns of Formal and Informal Help to Older Adults in the United States and Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. S281-S288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Davey ◽  
Elia E. Femia ◽  
Steven H. Zarit ◽  
Dennis G. Shea ◽  
Gerdt Sundström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Swedish Sample ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Aging At Home

Abstract Objectives. Our objective in this study was to compare assistance received by individuals in the United States and Sweden with characteristics associated with low, moderate, or high 1-year placement risk in the United States. Methods . We used longitudinal nationally representative data from 4,579 participants aged 75 years and older in the 1992 and 1993 waves of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) and cross-sectional data from 1,379 individuals aged 75 years and older in the Swedish Aging at Home (AH) national survey for comparative purposes. We developed a logistic regression equation using U.S. data to identify individuals with 3 levels (low, moderate, or high) of predicted 1-year institutional placement risk. Groups with the same characteristics were identified in the Swedish sample and compared on formal and informal assistance received. Results . Formal service utilization was higher in Swedish sample, whereas informal service use is lower overall. Individuals with characteristics associated with high placement risk received more formal and less informal assistance in Sweden relative to the United States. Discussion . Differences suggest formal services supplement informal support in the United States and that formal and informal services are complementary in Sweden.

scholarly journals When the Day Goes Awry: Families Caring for Persons With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
Karen Roberto ◽  
Jyoti Savla ◽  
Steven Zarit
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
Formal Services

Abstract The daily lives of family caregivers of persons with dementia (PwD) often require that they manage multiple competing demands in a context of unpredictability. Memory and behavior changes associated with dementia can cause PwD to act in random and irrational ways that create stress and influence all aspects of caregivers’ everyday life. Supportive others, including informal helpers and formal service professionals, should provide relief to primary caregivers; however, help may not alleviate caregiver stress and can sometimes compound the burden of care. This symposium draws on daily diary surveys and face-to-face interviews to focus on four aspects of managing everyday care of PwD among family caregivers in rural areas. Brandy Renee McCann explores how caregivers’ vigilance on behalf of PwD care quality interacts with service use. Karen Roberto examines the ways in which caregivers manage PwD resistance to help, including their use of forceful care strategies. Rosemary Blieszner focuses on competing caregiver roles and demands that may contribute to or alleviate caregiver stress. Tina Savla addresses the unexpected, and often hidden, challenges involved in using formal services. Collectively, the four presentations provide in-depth insight into the complicated daily lives of families coping with dementia and the ways in which they meet the demands of full-time caregiving under often difficult and challenging circumstances. Discussant Steve Zarit considers the efficacy of these management strategies for various aspects of everyday care and offers suggestions for future research and person-centered programs and interventions to reduce health disparities among caregivers in rural areas.

scholarly journals 1 What Beliefs are Associated with COVID Vaccination Intentions? Implications for Campaign Planning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hornik ◽  
Chioma Woko ◽  
Leeann Siegel ◽  
Kwanho KIm ◽  
Ava Kikut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Survey ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Vaccine Availability

COVID vaccination intentions vary among the US population. We report the results of a nationally representative survey undertaken in July 2020 (N=889) that examined the association of six vaccine-specific beliefs with intentions to vaccinate. We find that four of the six beliefs have substantial associations with intention (Gammas between .60 and .77), that the associations mostly do not vary with gender, age, race/ethnicity, or misinformation (even though intentions do vary with each of those variables). Also, once adjusted for the vaccine-specific beliefs, level of misinformation is not related to intentions. We consider the implications of these results and argue both that persuasive campaigns can be informed by these specific results, and given rapid changes in vaccine availability, that there is a substantial need for elaborated and repeated follow-up studies.

Exploring Intra-Ethnic Diversity among Four Groups of Hispanic Elderly: Patterns and Levels of Service Utilization

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Dietz ◽  
Robert John ◽  
Lonnie C. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hispanic Elders

This study investigates service use by a sample of 2,135 Hispanic elderly in order to address the issue of the homogeneity or heterogeneity within the older Hispanic population as revealed by the use of formal services. Factor analysis revealed a high degree of homogeneity in the patterns of formal service use among the four Hispanic groups in this study that follows three latent, but distinct, patterns of behavior: the use of federal entitlement programs, in-home services, and senior center services. Although the patterns of service use reflect substantial homogeneity among the Hispanics in this sample, there is a high degree of heterogeneity in the level of service use. Overall, service use was systematically lower among “Other” Hispanic elders and systematically higher among Puerto Rican elders, with somewhat more erratic use among Cuban American and Mexican American elders. Controlling for between-group differences in socio-demographic characteristics did little to reduce relatively systematic between-group differences in levels of service use.

Cross-Cohort Evidence of Disparities in Service Receipt for Speech or Language Impairments

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Morgan ◽  
George Farkas ◽  
Marianne M. Hillemeier ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Wik Hung Pun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
White Children ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
To Receive

We examined the extent to which disparities in the receipt of special education services for speech or language impairments (SLIs) on the basis of race, ethnicity, or language use by kindergarten—when the delivery of these services might be expected to be most effective—have changed over a 12-year period in the United States. Logistic regression modeling of 2 nationally representative cohorts ( N = 16,800 and 12,080) indicated that children who are Black (covariate-adjusted odds ratios = 0.39 and 0.54) or from non-English-speaking households (covariate-adjusted odds ratios = 0.57 and 0.50) continue to be less likely to receive services for SLIs. Hispanic children are now less likely to receive these services (covariate adjusted odds ratio = 0.54) than otherwise similar non-Hispanic White children. Disparities in special education service receipt for SLIs attributable to race, ethnicity, and language presently occur in the United States and are not explained by many potential confounds.

scholarly journals Patterns of individual coping, engagement with social supports and use of formal services among a five-country sample of resilient youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ungar ◽  
L. Theron ◽  
L. Liebenberg ◽  
Guo-Xiu Tian ◽  
A. Restrepo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Substantive Theory ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
Full Dataset ◽  
Formal Services ◽  
Individual Capacity

Background.Although resilience among victims of child abuse is commonly understood as a process of interaction between individuals and their environments, there have been very few studies of how children's individual coping strategies, social supports and formal services combine to promote well-being.Method.For this study, we conducted a multi-phase analysis of a qualitative dataset of 608 interviews with young people from five countries using grounded theory strategies to build a substantive theory of young people's service and support use patterns. We started with an analysis of ten interviews (two from each country) and then compared these findings to patterns found in each country's full dataset.Results.The substantive theory that emerged explains young people's transience between individual coping strategies (cognitive and behavioral), reliance on social supports (family members, peers and teachers), and engagement with formal service providers whose roles are to provide interventions and case management. Young people's patterns of navigation were shown to be contingent upon the individual's risk exposure, his or her individual capacity to cope, and the quality of the formal and informal supports and services that are available and accessible.Conclusion.Differing amounts of formal resources in low-, middle- and high-income countries influence patterns of service use. Implications for better coordination between formal mental health services and social supports are discussed.

Is use of formal community services by older women related to changes in their informal care arrangements?

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMANTHA J. MCKENZIE ◽  
JAYNE C. LUCKE ◽  
RICHARD L. HOCKEY ◽  
ANNETTE J. DOBSON ◽  
LEIGH R. TOOTH
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Sleep Difficulty ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
Formal Service ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper examines how the relationships between the factors (predisposing, enabling and illness) of the 1973 Andersen framework and service use are influenced by changes in the caring role in older women of the 1921–26 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Outcome variables were the use of three formal community support services: (a) nursing or community health services, (b) home-making services and (c) home maintenance services. Predictor variables were survey wave and the following carer characteristics: level of education, country of birth, age, area of residence, ability to manage on income, need for care, sleep difficulty and changes in caring role. Carer changes were a significant predictor of formal service use. Their inclusion did not attenuate the relationship between the Andersen framework factors and service use, but instead provided a more complete representation of carers' situations. Women were more likely to have used support services if they had changed into or out of co-resident caring or continued to provide co-resident care for a frail, ill or disabled person, needed care themselves, and reported sleep difficulties compared with women who did not provide care. These findings are important because they indicate that support services are particularly relevant to women who are changing their caring role and who are themselves in need of care.

scholarly journals Willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 in the US: Longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative sample of adults from April–October 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Daly ◽  
Eric Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractIntroductionVaccines against COVID-19 have been developed in unprecedented time. However, the effectiveness of any vaccine is dictated by the proportion of the population willing to be vaccinated. In this observational population-based study we examined intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19 over the course of the pandemic.MethodsWe analyzed longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of 7,547 US adults enrolled in the Understanding America Study (UAS). Participants reporting being willing, undecided and unwilling to get vaccinated against coronavirus across 13 assessments conducted from April-October, 2020. Public attitudes to vaccination against the coronavirus were also assessed.ResultsWillingness to vaccinate declined from 71% in April to 53.6% in October. This was explained by an increase in the percentage of participants undecided about vaccinating (from 10.5% to 14.4%) and the portion of the sample unwilling to vaccinate (from 18.5% to 32%). The population subgroups most likely to be undecided/unwilling to vaccinate were those without a degree (undecided: RRR=2.47, 95% CI: 2.04-3.00; unwilling: RRR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.67-2.20), Black participants (undecided: RRR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.73-2.74; unwilling: RRR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.63-2.42), and females (undecided: RRR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.20-1.65; unwilling: RRR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.14-1.46). Those aged 65+, those on high incomes, and other race/ethnicity participants were least likely to be undecided or unwilling to vaccinate. Concerns about potential side effects of a vaccine were common.ConclusionsIntentions to be vaccinated against coronavirus have declined rapidly during the pandemic and close to half of Americans are undecided or unwilling to be vaccinated.

Scripturalizing and the Second Amendment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosamond C. Rodman
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Children ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
Half Decade

Expanding beyond the text of the Bible, this chapter explores instead a piece of political scripture, namely the Second Amendment of the US Constitution. Over the last half-decade, the Second Amendment has come to enjoy the status of a kind of scripture-within-scripture. Vaulted to a much more prominent status than it had held in the first 150 years or so of its existence, and having undergone a remarkable shift in what most Americans think it means, the Second Amendment provides an opportunity to examine the linguistic, racial, and gendered modes by which these changes were effected, paying particular attention to the ways in which white children and white women were conscripted into the role of the masculine, frontier-defending US citizen.

Public-sector Contracting for Investment Services

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Clark ◽  
Ashby H. B. Monk ◽  
Gordon L. Clark ◽  
Ashby H. B. Monk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Pension Fund ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Administration And Supervision ◽  
Institutional Ecology ◽  
The City

In Chapter 7, the focus shifts to public agents and the process of contracting financial services and local pension funds in the US states. The costs of governing and managing this sector are addressed and an idealized model of the institutional design, administration, and supervision of the investment management process is introduced, laying out the forms and functions of pensions in relation to their beneficial purpose. In a brief overview of the US state and local PERS sector, its economic significance and distinctive institutional ecology are noted. The authors’ research demonstrates the extent to which the market for financial services in the US public pension-fund sector is Balkanized, implying significant transaction costs for both the buy and sell sides of the market, more often found at the city or metropolitan level than among funds within states or between funds of adjacent states.

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