29. Domestic violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gadd
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychiatric Discourse ◽  
Sociological Studies

This chapter outlines the key definitional and aetiological issues surrounding domestic violence perpetration. It begins with international estimates of the prevalence of domestic violence, many of which confine themselves to assessments of the percentage of women worldwide who have ever been physically or sexually assaulted by a partner. The second section of the chapter reviews the British historical literature to show how Victorian concern with the protection of respectable women from ‘wife-beaters’ yielded to a medical-psychiatric discourse that blamed hysterical women for provoking men with quick tempers. It then outlines how twentieth-century feminist accounts reframed the problem of ‘wife-beating’ variously in terms of ‘domestic violence’, ‘domestic abuse’, ‘intimate partner violence’, ‘coercive control’, and ‘gender-based violence’ in efforts that exposed the roles of sexism, inadequate legal protection, and gender inequality in perpetuating a ‘continuum’ of abuse against women under patriarchy. The third part of the chapter appraises the critique of gender-based perspectives provided by: psychological studies, some of which point to ‘gender symmetry’ in the perpetration of domestic violence and some of which reveal personality differences between perpetrators and non-violent men; and sociological studies that expose how the intersections between gender and ethnicity, sexuality and age manifest themselves, both in incidents of domestic violence and in official reactions to them. The chapter concludes by pointing to the challenge of finding a common voice capable of capturing the collective experiences of those in need of protection from domestic violence as well as the need to find ways of responding to perpetrators whose attitudes, motives, backgrounds are not necessarily identical to each other. These challenges are rendered more acute when the law is revealed as unpredictable in its capacity to determine the culpability of the small minority of men who perpetrate grievous assaults on their partners.

scholarly journals Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054896
Author(s):  
Navin Kumar ◽  
Kamila Janmohamed ◽  
Kate Nyhan ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
Wei-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

Stabbed, shot, left to die: Christy Martin and gender-based violence in boxing

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022097971
Author(s):  
Cathy van Ingen
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sociological Imagination ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
World Champion ◽  
A Site

This article presents a biographical narrative of Christy Martin, a former world champion boxer who survived being stabbed and shot by her trainer/husband. Rooted in a sociological imagination, this biographic research chronicles Martin’s boxing career and its entanglements with gender-based violence. The boxing industry has a widely acknowledged, yet under-reported, problem with men’s violence against women. This article aims to illustrate that women’s boxing should be critically examined for the ways in which it functions both as a site of and a sanctuary from gender-based violence. Within this paper, I draw from media coverage of Christy Martin’s boxing career, over 700 pages of transcripts from the subsequent criminal trial, an interview with Martin, as well as my own research in women’s boxing, including work with survivors of domestic violence.

scholarly journals COMBATING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AS AN OBJECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Н. Ю. Грідіна
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Standard Program ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

The article proves that the prevention of gender-based violence as an object of administrative and legal regulation is a system of measures defined by law, which are carried out by the relevant authorities to stop such violence, provide assistance to victims, ensure their protection, victims receive compensation, and also ensuring proper investigation and prosecution of the perpetrators. Based on the analysis of the current legislation, it is established that the issues of combating gender-based violence are in the field of view of public authorities. The available legal framework covers the main areas of such counteraction. However, statistics that show an increase in the number of cases of gender-based violence necessitate the improvement of mechanisms for preventing and combating gender-based violence, as well as the interaction of actors in this area. It was found that in 2020, the Decree of the President of Ukraine decided to recognize the need for immediate implementation of measures aimed at protecting the rights and interests of victims of domestic violence and gender-based violence. In this regard, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine was instructed, in particular: to develop and approve a state social program to prevent and combat domestic violence and gender-based violence until 2025; approval of a standard program for victims, as well as improvement of a standard program for offenders, providing appropriate guidelines for the implementation of such programs; ensure the development of bills aimed at establishing liability for harassment (stalking), including through the use of electronic means of communication, such as gender-based violence. The lack of effectiveness of the mechanism for preventing and combating gender-based violence and ensuring the protection of the rights of victims of such violence is emphasized, which is one of the main problems in this area and necessitates the improvement of relevant legislation.

scholarly journals Domestic violence: Evidence-based policies before and during the pandemic in Greece

Temida ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Artinopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Critical Aspects

Domestic violence and gender-based violence has been studied and recognised for many years in Greece. Adequate legislation on the criminalization of domestic violence has been implemented since 2006 (Law 3500/2006 on the Confrontation of Domestic Violence). A network of support services has also operated across the country for many years, staffed with professionals trained in the gender-sensitive perspective. However, Greece still faces the impact of the economic crisis that started in 2010 and the critical aspects of the crisis from the reduction of the public budget imposed by the European institutions in the lives of the individuals, the victims and the providers of the social services have not been fully assessed yet. The COVID-19 pandemic created problems in the victims? access to social services and not only. The shadow pandemic describes the alarm on the increase of domestic violence during the pandemic and the isolation of the victims from the providers of social and psychological support. Addressing both the issue of domestic violence through a victim-centered approach before and during the pandemic in Greece and the need for the implementation of evidence-based policies are the general aims of the paper. To this, we present few findings from an original victimological online research on domestic violence during the first lockdown in the country (March to May 2020) and we justify the need for the implementation of evidence-based policies in the criminal justice system in Greece.

A LOOK AT DOMESTIC AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN PORTUGAL: FROM LAW TO DISCOURSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Marques
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Despite legislative advancements, domestic violence is still today a crime considered as "minor" by many, or often the actions that materialise it are not even recognised. The first steps in Portuguese legislation were taken by the Penal Code approved in 1982, which typified the crime of ill-treatment between spouses, and by the Law n. º 61/91 of 13th of August, which guaranteed “adequate protection to women victims of violence”. However, only in 2007, was the crime of Domestic Violence created, which shows, from 1982 until then, a long path of hesitations and slow social evolution concerning the consciousness of this crime’s seriousness. Until 2007, the crime of spousal abuse was integrated in a broader criminal arrangement, characterised by the abuse of persons. In 2009, with the typification of the crime of Domestic Violence and with the publication of the legal regime applicable to the prevention, protection, and assistance of victims, denominated as Law of Domestic Violence, a more consolidated phase was inaugurated, in both legal treatment and social intervention. Despite these evolutions, Portugal continues to witness an attitude of "social and collective consent" to some forms of Domestic Violence, oftentimes disguised in the acceptance and normalisation of gender inequalities. We have seen news stories where judgements are presented, within the scope of Domestic Violence cases, where discriminatory ideas against women and excuses for the crime of Domestic Violence are manifested. This is proof that some of the representatives of justice (the judges) do not accept what has already been legally approved in the Portuguese legal system. Similarly, recent studies on the population’s perception of domestic and gender-based violence show the abiding ideas and understandings of acceptance and normalisation of domestic and gender-based violence in Portuguese society. We intend to present the evolution of the typification of the crime of domestic violence in Portugal. Then, we intend to understand how this phenomenon has been perceived in Portuguese society. Therefore, we will be able to understand the continuities and ruptures between the legislative body and the social body in what concerns Domestic Violence and Violence against Women in Portugal.

Tolerance for Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Study of Chinese and American College Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4533-4557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luye Li ◽  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Deeanna M. Button
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Perspective Drawing ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Tolerance for intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important correlate of interpersonal violent behavior. Although a large amount of research on IPV has been conducted in the West and a growing amount of studies on IPV in Chinese societies has been observed in recent years, only a small number of studies have analyzed IPV-related attitudes from an international and comparative perspective. Drawing on survey data collected from 1,178 college students from two Chinese and two U.S. universities, this study empirically compared and contrasted factors influencing students’ levels of tolerance for IPV. The results showed that Chinese college students had a higher level of tolerance for IPV than their U.S. counterparts. Regional variation was only detected in China with students in Beijing having a greater tolerance for IPV than students in Hong Kong. Both Chinese and U.S. students’ tolerance for IPV was affected primarily by their attitudes toward gender roles and gender-based violence and perceptions of IPV causes.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jane K. Stoever
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Reproductive Justice ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Domestic Violence Movement

The book, THE POLITICIZATION OF SAFETY, will critically explore political dimensions of interventions in or failures to intervene in domestic violence. The Introduction identifies how domestic violence is commonly assumed to be a bipartisan, nonpolitical issue, yet racial and gender politics, the move toward criminalization, reproductive justice concerns, gun control debates, and other factors and political interests significantly shape responses to domestic violence. The development of the anti-domestic violence movement and has a complex history, and the way forward during the Trump Era will certainly be fraught as protections and services for survivors of gender-based violence are under siege.

scholarly journals The ‘war’/‘not-war’ divide: Domestic violence in the Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Gray
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Division I ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Distinct Line

While recognising the importance of policy designed to tackle conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence, scholars have increasingly critiqued such policies for failing sufficiently to apprehend the multiple forms of this violence – from rape deployed as a weapon of war to domestic violence – as interrelated oppressions located along a continuum. In this article, I explore a connected but distinct line of critique, arguing that sexual and gender-based violence policies are also limited by a narrow understanding of how gender-based violences relate to war itself. Drawing on an analysis of the British Government’s Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative, I identify a key distinction which emerges between those types of sexual and gender-based violence which are considered to be part of war, and those which are not. This division, I suggest, closes down space for recognising how war is also enacted within private spaces.

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