The article examines the complex institution of civil law of Ukraine «the right of trust», which combines the features of classical property and legal obligations. The study of trust property right should be considered as a new main highway direction in the whole science of civil law. At the same time, the lack of thorough research on the issues of empirical awareness and practical application of trust property law does not allow this article to cover all the problematic aspects of the implementation of this institution. In this regard, the author deliberately narrows the object of research to the analysis of various theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of trust property at the present stage, which, in our view, is crucial for the formation of the vector of further research in this area.
The implementation of a new comprehensive institution of trust property inevitably requires immediate editorial transformation of legislative acts, which is unjustified without thoughtful borrowing of foreign experience in legal regulation of the studied relations, including in its historical retrospect, careful analysis of all errors and «non-working» norms that have been made in recent years in the law of foreign countries.
As a result of the analysis, three main scientific and theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence of the right of trust were identified:
1. Obligatory approach (from the Latin obligatoria – obligations, security), whose representatives defend the view that a trust relationship, as binding, is characterized by the satisfaction of the interests of the authorized person by committing certain mandatory actions related party in respect of certain property belonging to the principal.
2. Respossessional approach (from the Latin res – thing, possessio – possession), whose representatives emphasize the purely material nature of trust, because, according to them, the powers of the trust owner, which is opposed by an indefinite number of persons constructed according to the scheme, which is similar to the powers of the owner and therefore can’tbe anything other than limited property rights.
3. Combinatorial approach (from the Latin combinant –- to combine, combine), whose representatives emphasize that the relationship of trust is currently at the junction of binding and material relations and therefore all the arguments of connoisseurs of previous trends here offer to use not as mutually exclusive or contradictory, but, conversely, complementary criteria.
Key words: trust property, the right of trust property, trust relationship, property relationship, legal relationship.
The Trust Property Law: integration of obligatory and proprietary elements
