8. Interactionism and phenomenology

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-184
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Harold Garfinkel ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter focuses on two alternative hypotheses regarding crime and criminal behaviour. The first, based on interactionism, is that crime is not an objective entity, but a consequence of social processes that occur in societies made up of different value systems and in which particular individuals are able to influence both the actual and perceived status of others. As the name suggests, interactionism refers to the processes by which people come to react to their own self-image, their view of others and their perception of how others see them, as well as the settings in which they meet or interact with others. The second, based on phenomenology, is that it is impossible to impose meaning on the behaviour of others and that the only function of a ‘scientific’ researcher can be to provide an adequate account of the meaning of behaviour for the actors themselves. Phenomenology is a German philosophy developed during the 1950s by Harold Garfinkel.

8. Interactionism and phenomenology

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Harold Garfinkel ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter focuses on two alternative hypotheses regarding crime and criminal behaviour. The first, based on interactionism, is that crime is not an objective entity, but a consequence of social processes that occur in societies made up of different value systems, and in which particular individuals are able to influence both the actual and perceived status of others. As the name suggests, interactionism refers to the processes by which people come to react to their own self-image, their view of others, and their perception of how others see them, as well as the settings in which they meet or interact with others. The second, based on phenomenology, is that it is impossible to impose meaning on the behaviour of others and that the only function of a ‘scientific’ researcher can be to provide an adequate account of the meaning of behaviour for the actors themselves. Phenomenology is a German philosophy developed during the 1950s by Harold Garfinkel.

National Treasure Tea Bowls as Cultural Icons in Modern Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghen Jones
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Treasures ◽  
Tea Ceremony

Tea bowls hold profound significance in Japan today as loci of tea ceremony aesthetics and ideology. While tea bowls have come to be understood as embodiments of particular Japanese national aesthetics and value systems, their status as the most significant objects within tea rituals is a modern phenomenon. This essay explores the cultural iconicity of the eight tea bowls that were designated Japanese National Treasures in the 1950s and that continue to draw much attention. Each signifies something beyond the ordinary and encapsulates a particular aspect of Japanese national identity. As a group, they manifest idealized aesthetics of the Japanese tea ceremony, reinforce power structures, and inspire contemporary potters to reproduce them.

THE ORIGINS OF ADORNO's PSYCHO-SOCIAL DIALECTIC: PSYCHOANALYSIS AND NEO-KANTIANISM IN THE YOUNG ADORNO

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 501-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRANDON BLOCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Transcendental Theory ◽  
Habilitation Thesis ◽  
Early Text ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Origins

This essay examines one of the least-studied works in the philosophical corpus of Theodor Adorno, The Concept of the Unconscious in the Transcendental Theory of Mind. A retracted habilitation thesis composed in 1926–7, the text is often regarded as an exposition of the philosophical system of Adorno's teacher, Hans Cornelius, that bears little significance for Adorno's mature works. I argue that Concept of the Unconscious sheds significant light on both the historical origins and the conceptual underpinnings of the relationship between society and the psyche that Adorno would theorize over the course of his intellectual career. In this early text, Adorno articulated a dual critique of dominant neo-Kantian and vitalist understandings of the unconscious, turning to Freud for a more adequate account of the unconscious as a product of intertwining psychological and social processes. Adorno developed this dialectical understanding of the psycho-social relationship in numerous postwar writings on psychoanalysis.

Cross-cultural comparison of consumer pre-purchase decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutthipat Assawavichairoj ◽  
Mehdi Taghian
Keyword(s):  
Value Systems ◽  
Social Acceptability ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Aging Product ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cultural differences in female consumers’ motivation to purchase appearance-enhancing products, particularly anti-aging creams. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative research design to collect the data. Focus group discussions were used. The participants were selected from Thai and Australian females, 25-45 years old in Melbourne representing the most frequent users of anti-aging products. Findings The results indicated variations among participants in their motivation to seek a better appearance. The motivation ranged from a combination of striving to achieve an ideal self and a high level of social acceptability through maintaining youthful appearance and improving on the perceived declining youthful appearance. Using anti-aging products turned out to be a means for taking care of oneself, achieving better social acceptability and improving self-image. These key motivations are inspired by the individual’s social condition and from the reactions they receive from others. These motivations are shared by all participants, but within different cultural perspectives. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is in relation to the true expression of attitudes by respondents, particularly in regard to the discussion of privately held beliefs about self-image, social acceptability and personal appearance. Additionally, the variations between cultural perceptions are only indicative of real differences between collectivist and individualistic cultures. Practical implications Managers can adopt a cultural framework for understanding their consumers’ motivations to enhance their appearance, formulate more accurately their marketing strategy and activate and satisfy their consumers’ demand and better inform their new product developments. Originality/value The analysis explains and compares the differences and similarities in female consumers’ motivations for anti-aging product consumption of two fundamentally different cultural value systems.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE DISSIDENT MOVEMENT IN UKRAINE In the 1950s-1980s

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
B. Цюп’як
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
White Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

The article deals with the peculiarities of the development of the domestic and foreign historiography of the dissident movement in the Ukrainian SSR in the 1950’s and 1980’s. Particular attention is paid to key figures and issues in the topic. It has been determined that the study of the problem is under development. Only at the present stage are the first soil works published. However, the regional aspect of the topic is poorly understood. The article analyzes the first key works on the topic. The author presents the main topics of foreign and diaspora scholars who have researched the dissident movement in Ukraine. The article gives an analysis of contemporary Ukrainian studies of dissent in the USSR.The historiography of the problem is quite diverse. It includes works by both domestic and foreign authors who, since independence, have rushed to fill the «white spots» in the history of Ukrainian dissident. However, unfortunately, it should be acknowledged that the greatest contribution to the actualization and development of this topic has been made not by historians but by political scientists, writers, publicists, and journalists. Most of the historical works on this subject are so far disparate articles, which highlight certain fragments of social processes that require conscientious unification like puzzles in order to get a complete historical picture and find out all the circumstances of the emergence of a dissident movement in the conditions of totalitarian movement / authoritarian regime and determine its role in the proclamation of state independence of Ukraine.

Zur Grundlegung einer Theorie sozialer Prozesse / Towards a Theory of Social Processes

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Elias
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Image

AbstractA theory of social processes has to diagnose and explain those long-term and unplanned, but yet structured and directional trends in the development of social and personality structures that constitute the infrastructure of what is commonly called „history”. The reception of such a theoretical approach is hampered by the self-image of contemporary sociology as a discipline primarily concerned with the present time and devoted to research on short-term changes and causal relationships within given social systems. This self-image results from a problematic division of intellectual labour between history and sociology, but also from sociology’s increasing involvement in social practice, i.e. bureaucratically controlled social planning. While contributing to such planning, sociologists ignore the long-term, unplanned developments which produce the conditions for the present-day practice of planning and in which all planned social development is entangled. Complementary processes of functional differentiation, of social integration, and of civilization are strands of this complex long-term development. Its dynamics requires further exploration.

Towards a Marxist theory of European integration

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Early Modern Britain ◽  
The 1950S

The significance of the European Communities (EC) remains obscure. The reason is that orthodox integration literature is fundamentally ahistorical: it fails to give an adequate account of the roots of modern European integration. And however admirable the project might be in itself, we cannot rectify the failure simply by chronicling the admittedly much ignored origins of the EC in the 1950s. For the EC is systematically connected to earlier cases of integration in Europe. Only by understanding the evolution of these integrational forms—from early modern Britain, to nineteenth century Germany, to contemporary Europe—can one begin to make sense of the EC. In brief, one must seek to understand the “present as history,” a task that few writers on regional integration have yet attempted, and none with any success.

Analytical investigation of urban housing typologies in twentieth century Istanbul

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Ayşe Gür ◽  
Yurdanur Dülgeroğlu Yüksel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Housing Typology

PurposeTurkey has been rapidly urbanizing since the 1950s. In quantitative and qualitative meanings, the problem of housing is one of the most important subjects on Turkey’s agenda. Increasing population, rapid cultural and economic transition and the dynamics of in-migration, changes in social life, consumption patterns and value systems have made a significant impact on housing demand and supply. If we try to realize a general analytical outlook to define the basic formal and informal categories that reflect specific values pertaining to housing typology of the twentieth century, it would be possible to make a classification under the following sub-titles: formal housing-row houses, separate houses, apartment blocks, social housing, mass-housing, luxury housing including gated communities; informal housing – squatter settlements/gecekondus, slums; inbetween –apartkondus, unpermitted constructions/building extensions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIstanbul has been experiencing these various dynamics of planned and unplanned housing settlements in a very radical way, since the 1950s. Changing typology is examined systematically under certain periods up to now. In confronting housing needs under rapid urbanization, “types of housing supply channels” appeared and as a result, urban texture has been changing by periods. In this paper, in order to understand each of these categories and the conditions under which they have been generated, an analysis will be realized to understand the urban housing concept of Istanbul within the twentieth century urban environment.FindingsThe factors playing a role in the evolution of twentieth century dwelling forms on Istanbul will be defined, and the physical/architectural, locational, neighborhood characteristics, as well as their user profile will be examined.Originality/valueThis study is expected to contribute to the further understanding of the urban housing stock and the future trends in housing typology.

Ronald Gregor Smith

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-226
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Untimely Death ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War

Reflecting on the work of Ronald Gregor Smith (1913–68), editor of SCM Press and later Professor of Divinity in Glasgow, this chapter examines several important developments in Scottish theology after 1945. With Smith’s immersion in German philosophy and theology, he introduced new themes into post-war Scottish theology including the significance of the secular, and the nature of ‘eschatological existence’. The English-language reception of Bultmann and Bonhoeffer, in which Smith was instrumental through the 1950s and 1960s, is examined. His cross-disciplinary work is also recognized with reference to the establishment of the Scottish Periodical, prior to his untimely death. Throughout the discussion, Smith emerges in key respects both as a European and Scottish thinker.

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