National Treasure Tea Bowls as Cultural Icons in Modern Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghen Jones
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Modern Japan ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Treasures ◽  
Tea Ceremony

Tea bowls hold profound significance in Japan today as loci of tea ceremony aesthetics and ideology. While tea bowls have come to be understood as embodiments of particular Japanese national aesthetics and value systems, their status as the most significant objects within tea rituals is a modern phenomenon. This essay explores the cultural iconicity of the eight tea bowls that were designated Japanese National Treasures in the 1950s and that continue to draw much attention. Each signifies something beyond the ordinary and encapsulates a particular aspect of Japanese national identity. As a group, they manifest idealized aesthetics of the Japanese tea ceremony, reinforce power structures, and inspire contemporary potters to reproduce them.

scholarly journals “There'll Always Be an England”: Representations of Colonial Wars and Immigration, 1948–1968

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Webster
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Racial Difference ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Daily Mail ◽  
National Community ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The 1950S

“In Malaya,” theDaily Mailnoted in 1953, “three and a half years of danger have given the planters time to convert their previously pleasant homes into miniature fortresses, with sandbag parapets, wire entanglements, and searchlights.” The image of the home as fortress and a juxtaposition of the domestic with menace and terror were central to British media representations of colonial wars in Malaya and Kenya in the 1950s. The repertoire of imagery deployed in theDaily Mailfor the “miniature fortress” in Malaya was extended to Kenya, where the newspaper noted wire over domestic windows, guns beside wine glasses, the charming hostess in her black silk dress with “an automatic pistol hanging at her hip.” Such images of English domesticity threatened by an alien other were also central to immigration discourse in the 1950s and 1960s. In the context of the decline of British colonial rule after 1945, representations of the empire and its legacy—resistance to colonial rule in empire and “immigrants” in the metropolis—increasingly converged on a common theme: the violation of domestic sanctuaries.Colonial wars of the late 1940s and 1950s have received little attention in literatures on national identity in early postwar Britain, but the articulation of racial difference through immigration discourse, and its significance in redefining the postimperial British national community has been widely recognized. As Chris Waters has suggested in his work on discourses of race and nation between 1947 and 1963, these years saw questions of race become central to questions of national belonging.

The value systems of liberals and conservatives in Hungary, 1830–1848

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Zoltán Dénes
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
National Character ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Political Opinion ◽  
Foreign Countries

ABSTRACTThe challenge of Joseph II's enlightened absolutist reforms in the 1780s imposed upon the Hungarian political opinion the painful dilemma of choosing between ‘fatherland’ and ‘progress’, between ‘nation’ and ‘civilization’, between national identity and modernization. These responses created the conceptual basis for the emergence of the modern Hungarian nation. The following characterizes the Hungarian liberals' and conservatives' intellectual horizons and value systems between 1830 and 1848. These two schools represent at least two different modernization strategies, and at least two concepts of national character and two perceptions of adversaries. The ideas here discussed concern the very bases of social organization and the nature and legitimacy of the state; they reveal how Hungarians conceived of the nation; how they saw foreign countries and the European equilibrium; how they perceived themselves and their adversaries, and how they envisaged their past and future.

8. Interactionism and phenomenology

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-184
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Harold Garfinkel ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter focuses on two alternative hypotheses regarding crime and criminal behaviour. The first, based on interactionism, is that crime is not an objective entity, but a consequence of social processes that occur in societies made up of different value systems and in which particular individuals are able to influence both the actual and perceived status of others. As the name suggests, interactionism refers to the processes by which people come to react to their own self-image, their view of others and their perception of how others see them, as well as the settings in which they meet or interact with others. The second, based on phenomenology, is that it is impossible to impose meaning on the behaviour of others and that the only function of a ‘scientific’ researcher can be to provide an adequate account of the meaning of behaviour for the actors themselves. Phenomenology is a German philosophy developed during the 1950s by Harold Garfinkel.

8. Interactionism and phenomenology

Criminology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Processes ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Harold Garfinkel ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
The 1950S

This chapter focuses on two alternative hypotheses regarding crime and criminal behaviour. The first, based on interactionism, is that crime is not an objective entity, but a consequence of social processes that occur in societies made up of different value systems, and in which particular individuals are able to influence both the actual and perceived status of others. As the name suggests, interactionism refers to the processes by which people come to react to their own self-image, their view of others, and their perception of how others see them, as well as the settings in which they meet or interact with others. The second, based on phenomenology, is that it is impossible to impose meaning on the behaviour of others and that the only function of a ‘scientific’ researcher can be to provide an adequate account of the meaning of behaviour for the actors themselves. Phenomenology is a German philosophy developed during the 1950s by Harold Garfinkel.

Indigenism, Mestizaje, and National Identity in Mexico during the 1940s and the 1950s

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Doremus
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Mainstream Society

In the 1940s the Mexican state stepped up its efforts to integrate the Indian into mainstream society, hoping to stimulate racial mixing or mestizaje, which it viewed as key to the nation's social and economic welfare. This article explores the diverse ways that some of Mexico's most renowned artists and intellectuals aided the state's efforts to promote mestizaje during the 1940s and the 1950s. It also reveals the contradictions in their works, and shows how film's attempts to promote mestizaje hindered those of writers and anthropologists. Durante los añños 40 el Estado mexicano doblegóó sus esfuerzos para integrar al indio, esperando estimular el mestizaje, lo cual consideróó como de primordial importancia para el bienestar social y econóómico del paíís. Este artíículo examina las diversas maneras en que algunos de los artistas e intelectuales mexicanos máás conocidos ayudaron al estado a promover el mestizaje durante los añños 40 y 50. Tambiéén revela las contradicciones en sus obras, y demuestra cóómo los intentos del cine para promover el mestizaje entorpecieron los de los escritores y antropóólogos.

scholarly journals Pergulatan Aliran Kepercayaan dalam Panggung Politik Indonesia, 1950an-2010an: Romo Semono Sastrodihardjo dan Aliran Kapribaden

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Aryono Aryono
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Government

This article discusses about the efforts of creeds religion flourished to maintain their existence since the 1950s until the late 2010’s in Indonesia. Using historical method, this article found the interesting facts about the struggle of creeds religion in political stage of Indonesia. In 1953, for example, the Ministry of Religion Affairs noted that there were 360 groups protected by the government according on the Constitutional Law 1945 Article 29. After the tragedy of 1965, migration of members to the religions took place. When Soeharto became president, these groups was allowed to flourish. However, they got discrimination and always being watched. The new hope was arose in 2006, when the government issued Law No. 23/2006 about Population Administration, although it still requires to fill the religious column in national identity card (KTP). In the end 2017, the Constitutional Court issued a fatwa related to the status of religious column in KTP of the creeds religion. This condition also encompassed to Aliran Kapribaden’s Romo Semono Sastrodiharjo in Purworejo, Central Java. This discrimination must be terminated, in the name of unity in diversity.

scholarly journals Procesy formowania narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce Łacińskiej

2016 ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kaganiec-Kamieńska
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Nation Formation ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Identity Formation

Nation and national identity formation in Latin America. Selected issues The history of nation formation in Latin America cannot be easily interpreted within the frames of existing theoretical perspectives, such as modernism. The difficulty lies in the fact that the existing theories only partly apply to this region. The aim of this article is to present the processes of nation and national identity formation in Spanish America until the 1950s pointing to its main characteristics and selected factors of the most significant impact. Procesy formowania narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce ŁacińskiejHistoria powstawania narodów w Ameryce Łacińskiej nie daje się jednoznacznie zinterpretować w ramach istniejących schematów i ujęć teoretycznych (np. modernizmu). Trudność polega na tym, że znajdują one jedynie częściowe zastosowanie w odniesieniu do Ameryki Łacińskiej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie procesów tworzenia narodów i tożsamości narodowej w Ameryce hiszpańskiej do połowy XX w. z uwzględnieniem wybranych głównych cech tego procesu i czynników, które miały na niego wpływ.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF COLONIALISM ON INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION SYSTEMS AMONG POKOT AND TURKANA COMMUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mary Wahome ◽  
Daniel Ng’ang’a
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Informal Justice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Different Cultures

Colonialism impacted local cultures far beyond their infrastructure, government and geography. In addition to eroding indigenous power structures, the structural violence inflicted during colonialism left native populations with lasting self-doubt and rejection of traditional practices. Among these rejected traditions were informal processes and mechanisms of resolving conflicts. Conflict resolution methods in different cultures often vary greatly in underlying values and perceptions. Western judicial systems reflect individualistic, high uncertainty-avoidant, low-context tendencies, while indigenous conflict resolution methods reflect collectivistic, minimal uncertainty-avoidant and high-context tendencies. Research into the current state of formal courts and informal justice forums in Pokot and Turkana Counties provides case study-based evidence arguing that the transition from restorative justice (Lapai) ffered by indigenous justice mechanisms to retributive justice catalyzed by  colonialism has effectively weakened both the Turkana and Pokot systems of justice. Due to impacted value systems, neither the restorative, socialharmony focus of traditional processes, nor the retributive, compensatory justice focus of the formal judicial system make the available forums wholly appropriate or adequate resources. This has left the two communities torn between two distinct choices - the western and indigenous approaches to conflict management. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of colonialism on indigenous conflict management in Pokot and Turkana counties. These were both positive and negative effects. To achieve this objective the overarching question was;“how did colonialism affect the indigenous approaches to conflict management in Pokot and Turkana counties? The study was designed to apply qualitative research methods. Both structured and semi-structured interviews were conducted along the Turkana-Pokot borders. This paper proposes a hybrid model in conflict management, not only for the Pokot and Turkana pastoral communities, but also to other pastoral communities with similar set-ups.

scholarly journals Reflecting national identity in universal concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Larisa Nikolaevna Aleshina ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Zaytseva ◽  
Evgeniy Sergeevich Smakhtin ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Gilovaya ◽  
Svetlana Sergeevna Lapshina
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Common Understanding

The issue of reflecting national mentality in the linguistic worldview continues to be relevant as each people has its own specific mindset and common mood related to moral and ethical features of its formation. The article describes a national concept as a complete combination of thought, religions, cultural traditions, folklore that form a conceptual sphere of a language. Therefore, studying the reflection of national identity in the concepts seems to be essential, as the concept itself is a key category in linguistic research of viewing the world through language. The main purpose of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of conceptual spheres of the Russian and English languages. To achieve this purpose we set several tasks: to characterize peculiarities of expressing the key concepts sovest’/conscience, dobro/good, pravda/truth, krasota/beauty in speech; to identify extralinguistic factors fostering common understanding of the conceptual spheres being analyzed in the Russian and English linguistic worldviews. The article uses a complex research methodology, which combines descriptive and analytical methods, as well as the opposition technique and structural and semantic analysis of a word. The paper concludes that only those connotations of the concepts that become a symbol referring to a certain perspective of national mentality are ethnoculturally essential. In the conceptual spheres of English and Russian, key notions defining value systems of these cultures play a significant role. Evolution of material and spiritual culture is reflected in a concept as a single linguistic unit.

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