15. Media and Politics

Politics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand ◽  
Robert Garner ◽  
Stephanie Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media And Politics ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media

This chapter explores the link between media and politics. It first considers the more general relationship between the media and governmental organizations, and more specifically the overlap of governmental and media functions, and how dramatic representation influences our understanding of political life. It then examines the ways in which journalists and media organizations make news, along with the role of political journalism in political life, especially in democracies. It also discusses the globalization of media and the convergence of styles of news presentation and reporting on television around the world. Finally, it analyses the implications of the Internet and social media for political life, from potentially promoting democracy to accusations of false narratives and ‘fake’ news.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

Social Media Use Among Olympians and Sport Journalists in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Agnes Kovacs ◽  
Tamas Doczi ◽  
Dunja Antunovic
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hungarian Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

The Olympic Games are among the most followed events in the world, so athletes who participate there are exceptionally interesting for the media. This research investigated Olympians’ social media use, sport journalists’ attitudes about Olympians’ social media use, and the role of social media in the relationship between Olympians and sport journalists in Hungary. The findings suggest that most Hungarian Olympians do not think that being on social media is an exceptionally key issue in their life, and a significant portion of them do not have public social media pages. However, sport journalists would like to see more information about athletes on social media platforms. The Hungarian case offers not only a general understanding of the athlete–journalist relationship, and the role of social media in it, but also insight into the specific features of the phenomenon in a state-supported, hybrid sport economy.

scholarly journals Some Reflections on Manuel Castells’ Book "Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age".

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The Media ◽  
Manuel Castells ◽  
The Relationship

This paper provides critical reflections on Manuel Castells’ (2012) book Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age that analyses the “nature and perspectives of networked social movements” (p. 4) and gives special focus to the role of “social media” in movements that emerged in 2011 in Tunisia, Iceland, Egypt, Spain and the United States. I situate Castells’ book in an intellectual discourse that focuses on the political implications of social media and that has involved Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov. The article also discusses the role of social theory and empirical research in Castells’ book, presents as an alternative a theoretical model of the relationship between social movements and the media, discusses the implications that some empirical data that focus on social media in the Egyptian revolution and the Occupy Wall Street movement have for Castells’ approach, discusses how Castells positions himself towards capitalism and compares his explanation of the crisis and his political views to David Harvey’s approach. Section overview: 1. Introduction 2. Social Media and Politics: A Controversy between Clay Shirky, Malcolm Gladwell and Evgeny Morozov 3. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Social Theory 4. Social Theory Recovered: A Model of the Relationship between Social Movements and the Media 5. Castells on Social Media in the Context of Protests and Revolutions: The Dimension of Empirical Research 6. Manuel Castells and David Harvey: The Question of Political Struggle - For or against Capitalism? 7. Conclusion

Employing artificial intelligence techniques as a mechanism for investigation, scrutiny, and detection of fake news and rumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Yosra Sobeih ◽  
El Taieb EL Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Work ◽  
False News ◽  
Editorial Processing

Modern communication means have imposed many changes on the media work in the different stages of content production, starting from gathering news, visual and editorial processing, verification and verification of the truthfulness of what was stated in it until its publication, so the changes that were stimulated by modern means and technologies and artificial intelligence tools have affected all stages of news and media production, since the beginning of the emergence of rooms. Smart news that depends on human intelligence and then machine intelligence, which has become forced to keep pace with the development in communication means, which has withdrawn in the various stages of production, and perhaps the most important of which is the process of investigation and scrutiny and the detection of false news and rumors in our current era, which has become the spread of information very quickly through the Internet and websites Social media and various media platforms

Agenda-setting in a social media age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Carazo-Barrantes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Setting Theory

Abstract This paper analyzes the role of social media in electoral processes and contemporary political life. We analyze Costa Rica’s 2018 presidential election from an agenda-setting perspective, studying the media, the political and the public agendas, and their relationships. We explore whether social media, Facebook specifically, can convey an agenda-setting effect; if social media public agenda differs from the traditional MIP public agenda; and what agenda-setting methodologies can benefit from new approaches in the social media context. The study revealed that social media agendas are complex and dynamic and, in this case, did not present an agenda-setting effect. We not only found that the social media public agenda does not correlate with the conventional MIP public agenda, but that neither does the media online agenda and the media’s agenda on Facebook. Our exploration of more contemporary methods like big data, social network analysis (SNA), and social media mining point to them as necessary complements to the traditional methodological proposal of agenda-setting theory which have become insufficient to explain the current media environment.

Fake News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bode ◽  
Emily K. Vraga ◽  
Kjerstin Thorson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Fake News ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Insight Into

Chapter 7 tackles the challenges posed by misinformation campaigns and fake news, an issue of growing concern in America and around the world. Following the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, academics and pundits alike struggled to make sense of what happened, and many pointed to the role of fake news and misinformation more broadly in leading voters astray in their assessments of the two major candidates for president. This chapter draws on survey data to investigate how media use in general, and use of social media and partisan media more specifically, affected belief in six fake news stories directly following the 2016 election. The analysis assesses whether use of different types of media affected belief in misinformation—including messages congruent and incongruent with their own candidate preferences—providing insight into what was to blame for belief in fake news in the 2016 elections.

Watchdogs or Masters? The changing role of the Canberra Press Gallery

2018 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Philip Chubb ◽  
Stephanie Brookes ◽  
Margaret Simons
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Journalism ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Political Reporting

This Special Issue tackles increasing urgent questions about the role and performance of the Federal Parliamentary Press Gallery, a unique and valuable institution central to Australian political journalism. These questions about the Press Gallery’s contribution to political life include: how might we understand the changing authority and effectiveness of the Press Gallery? Has Australia entered an era when media failures are damaging the country’s ability to affect reform? Are we witnessing a twin assault on the quality of Australian democracy from politicians and the media? The articles gathered here offer a variety of tools and perspectives useful for thought and action in this moment in history – when political reporting is fundamentally disrupted, and with it the democratic forms that have grown up in lockstep with mass media. They chart changes and longer-term trends, and particularise broader shifts in political journalism and communication, providing both information and theoretically engaged analysis.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE CHANGES, LESSONS OF COVID-19 AND CORONEOLOGISMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla V. Bakhmat ◽  
◽  
Violetta V. Panchenko ◽  
Oksana O. Nosach ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
International Language ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
The World ◽  
Vowel Shift

Worldwide, the changes are either viewed positively as those updating languages or negatively as those deteriorating them. With English widely recognized as an international language, a lingua franca, numerous governmental and non-governmental organizations make it their business to keep the language understandable, at the same time preserving and introducing a variety of meanings and words when dealing with lexis. Changes in grammar (preference for gerunds instead of infinitives, for example) and pronunciation can take longer to be noticed as they happen over a longer period of time (the Great Vowel Shift). Currently, lexical changes get covered in dictionaries with little delay and are easy to track in online versions. Annually, 800-1,000 newly coined words or added meanings push way into English dictionaries. Approximately five times more are coined each year but fail to get in wide use and meet the acceptance criteria of lexicographers. Up to 2019, most lexical innovations were focused on technological breakthroughs. However, in 2020 medicine gained unprecedented attention due to the pandemic, initially pinpointed in Wuhan, China, and later spread all over the world � all the continents are currently exposed to COVID-19. Therefore, it has been of little surprise when in the end of 2020 most of the year words by English dictionaries were about COVID-19, which has irrevocably changed lifestyles and reality. The purpose of the article is to trace lexical changes caused by the coronavirus outbreak and analyse newly-coined lexemes. The following methods were used: linguistic analysis, observation, mathematical calculations. Thus, the purpose of our article is to trace lexical changes caused by the coronavirus outbreak and analyse newlycoined lexemes. Due to the Internet and a significant influence of social media, newly coined words and phrases get swiftly spread globally, some of them originating from hashtags. Analyzing neologisms coined in the pandemic, it is evident that their main aim is to cover new realities such as upperwear, Zumping (Zoom+dumping), etc. It is statistically proven that covid, coron (coronavirus) and quaran (qurantine) are the three most frequent stems. The pandemic-related neologisms are mostly closed compound nouns (covidiot, coronarave). Still spaced ones are often used as well (corona boner, corona bae). Taking into account a boom of coronelogisms worldwide, the Ukrainian language borrowed some either as loan translated (coronapocalypse � ���������������) or transliterated (covidiot � ������). At the same time, some widely used neologisms got translated using Ukrainian stems and affixes (������������, ������, ������������, �����������). Lexical changes, influenced by the pandemic and currently observed in English and Ukrainian, evolve rapidly and they have not come to an end.

scholarly journals ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN PROMOTING TOURISM IN PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Shaista Aftab ◽  
Muhammad Moiz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Annual Earning ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Scenic Beauty ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
International Visitors

Tourism has emerged as the fastest growing industry and source of foreign exchange all across the world. Many countries owe major part of their annual earning and wealth to tourism. Pakistan is amongst the best tourism destination in the world. The main attractions for international travelers are usually, mountains, snow, desserts, beaches, plains, rivers, forests, cliffs, scenic beauty, historical places and cultural diversity. Pakistan is blessed with all of the said attractions. Up until now Pakistan had faced two major impediments towards becoming the top tourist destination, first it was not properly showcased in-front of the world and secondly in the recent past the security conditions were not suitable for international visitors. Today, it is high time for the Pakistan to become the top priority for tourists from all across the world. In this regard Social Media can play the best role possible. Various social media platforms are full of pictures and stories of people describing their experiences about the places they had been to. Secondly the governmental organizations also launch various social media office profile to show case the destinations. In this research the need of social media for the promotion of tourism in Pakistan has been focused.

scholarly journals If it does not move me, it does not belong to me: challenges to teacher education in a global and sustainable perspective

Lumina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-110
Author(s):  
Maria Alzira De Almeida Pimenta ◽  
Martha Prata-Linhares ◽  
Waldemar Bonventi Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
The World ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fast Access

In these first years of the millennium, schools in Brazil and around the world have faced great challenges. Including: complex social circumstances (large scale population migration), the arrival of the Internet providing fast access to every type of information and the exclusion of the population that is not connected, appreciation of knowledge as a factor of production, the appeal for consumerism and the need for principles and practices that give value to diversity and sustainability. Added to this, is the resistance of these institutions regarding change, and the powers of persuasion of the media as inductive of behaviors and desires. However, we think that the primary material for the necessary transformations is in the school itself. In it, and from it, will changes be generated and implemented. Based on data collected, in eight countries, carried out with university teachers and students of courses for the development of teachers, analysis and reflections will be presented which highlight the role of the education institutions in the necessary transformations and suggestions for the implemented changes.

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