2. The Cabinet and the prime minister

UK Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Andrew Blick
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
System P ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines two closely connected institutions that lie at the epicentre of UK politics and these are the Cabinet and the Prime Minister (PM). The chapter considers the basic characteristics of both. It describes the way in which they operate, including policy, the functions of the Prime Ministerial role, the supporting staff, and the place of both in the UK constitution and system of government. The principle of the collective responsibility of ministers is touched upon. The chapter gives some practical examples of how selective PMs have worked with their Cabinets to demonstrate how these theories can play out in practical terms. The chapter also provides historical material to illuminate the background to the issues it considers. Finally, the chapter asks: is collective government, that is, government by a group rather than a single leader, the right approach for the UK today? The chapter also touches on the issue of Brexit and questions what we have learnt from the Brexit experience in terms of the UK political system.

How to Resolve a Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Michael Llewellyn-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
System P ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

In this chapter the author analyses the problems faced by Venizelos in finding a solution to a difficult political impasse. He had to persuade all parties, viz. the military league, the old party politicians (Theotokis etc), and the king, of the merits of his solution, which was to convoke a Revisionary National Assembly to revise the constitution, with the officers of the league returning to barracks. He handled these parties with immense skill, tackling the league first, then the politicians, and finally the king. The most difficult customer was the king, deeply suspicious of the national assembly proposal because he feared its constitutional implications for the dynasty. However, with the holding of a Crown Council, and further negotiations, Venizelos's efforts succeeded, and all accepted the proposal for a revisionary assembly. Stefanos Dragoumis was appointed prime minister and Venizelos was able to return to Crete - having strengthened his links with liberal and radical politicians, and opened the way to his later entry into the Greek political system.

1. The UK Constitution

Public Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stanton ◽  
Craig Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
System P ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
The Way

This chapter provides an introduction to the UK Constitution and sets out a foundation upon which discussions in later chapters further develop. It starts by exploring definitions of constitutions, placing the unique UK system within commonly accepted themes and characteristics. It then moves to explain the nature and form of the UK Constitution and some of the sources of which it is constructed, as well as exploring some of the more theoretical considerations as regards its character, including the way in which it is legitimised. The final section entertains academic questions concerning whether or not the UK can be said to have a constitution, including discussion of the case for and against a codified system.

Exploration of Employability Skills in Business Management Studies Within Higher Education Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Husam Helmi Alharahsheh ◽  
Abraham Pius
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

Higher education in the United Kingdom is becoming more responsible to focus beyond teaching and learning process; this is evolving to further reflect the needs of the marketplace, engagement with firms within the industry, responsibility to enhance talent, and to close the skills gap to prepare students for employment opportunities during studies and after graduation. The purpose of this study is to provide the key employability skills in business management studies within higher education with further focus on the UK as one of the leading Western and knowledge-based economies through a systematic literature review process. The study also aims to highlight employability skills reported in the selected studies by categorising them into three main categories: very common employability skills required, common employability skills required, and uncommon employability skills required. However, throughout the studies included in the review, focus on specific skills varied due to the way researchers assessed as well as external factors taken into consideration such as cultural differences, external environment changes, the type of educational institutions, and the way curriculum was delivered, as well as the variations of specific interests of employers from a sector to another. The review is organised in six key sections: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Analysis, Discussion, and lastly, Conclusion and Implications. The reported employability skills resulted in the review can be taken into consideration to further enhance understanding of how employability skills can be embedded into curriculum within business management schools in the UK and other organisations that are responsible for articulation of employment related policies for students and recent graduates. The review can also establish that enhancement of employability skills should be a collective responsibility including universities, employers, policymakers, and students to ensure that educational outcomes are meeting the needs of the market. Higher education providers should aim to close the gap of employability by the point of graduation stage and to be ready to compete in the overcrowded labour market.

Individual Sanctions of Competition Law: A Comparison between the UK and Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-171
Author(s):  
Samet Caliskan ◽  
Saliha Oner
Keyword(s):  
Competition Law ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

It is a highly advocated view that a competition law with sanctions targeting individuals would achieve a greater deterrent impact than one that does not. Having introduced individual sanctions does not, however, guarantee that a market would have less anticompetitive conduct, because these sanctions are effective only insofar as they are severely implemented on wrongdoing individuals. UK competition law is one example of this issue because cases where individuals have been targeted and punished are significantly fewer than the authorities expected, in spite of it being more than 15 years since individual sanctions were introduced amidst high expectations. This article examines the individual sanctions of competition law in the UK and Turkey. It argues that Turkey is on the right path by departing from the way in which EU law enforces the rules of competition law, and is moving closer to UK law. However, it is argued that further steps should be cautiously considered to avoid the same issues which UK competition law is currently experiencing, as there are serious doubts that the latter has achieved the desired deterrent effect.

3. The UK government

UK Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Andrew Blick
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

This chapter concentrates on the UK government, the part of the UK political system responsible for creating policy and putting it into effect. The chapter looks at the nature of the UK government, and the way it is made up of ministers, and civil servants and departments. The chapter also looks at the types of ministers, their legal and political powers, and the rules applying to them. The chapter assesses the constitutional position of the civil service, and its relationship with ministers and Parliaments. It also describes the departmental structure of the UK government and the so-called arm’s-length bodies within it. The chapter presents a number of perspectives on the way in which power operates within government and considers how the various ideas play out in reality. The chapter revisits the issue of Brexit but this time in the context of the civil services and ministers.

1. Introduction: tradition and change

UK Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Andrew Blick
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
System P ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

The Introduction asks: what do we mean when we talk about politics? On one level, politics is about the interactions between people. However, more specifically, it is about how a society is run. The term for this is ‘governance’. Governance involves who makes the decisions, how they make decisions, and how they put those decisions into effect. This first chapter relates this definition to the UK political system as it exists today. It provides a short analysis of the effectiveness of the UK system in terms of how it has evolved and what changes have been made over time. It takes a brief look at how the onset of the Coronavirus pandemic has shown up problems in the UK political system.

Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Kamdar
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Second Amendment ◽  
System P

What is India’s political system? The 1949 constitution established India as a “sovereign democratic republic.” In 1976, under a state of emergency imposed by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi that suspended many citizen rights and freedoms, a forty-second amendment to the original constitution added the...

Parties and the Political System

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-330
Author(s):  
Paul Webb ◽  
Tim Bale
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Political System ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
The Political ◽  
System P ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Made In

Political parties in the UK today are widely seen as disappointing. This chapter examines the nature and causes of the present popular discontent by assessing how well parties perform political functions on behalf of the wider democratic system. It identifies shortcomings in this performance, for instance in parties’ roles in fostering representational and participatory linkage, and in the persistent policy problems which confront party governments. Equally, however, it is starkly apparent that they remain vital to the political system. Nevertheless, it is plain that there is considerable need and scope for reform. Although none is a panacea, important reforms might be made in the areas of party finance, the electoral system, and deliberative democracy.

Mobility

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Mary Gilmartin ◽  
Patricia Burke Wood ◽  
Cian O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
White House ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Historical Antecedents ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the mobility of people and shows how this has been politicised by both the Trump presidency and the Brexit vote and its aftermath. The chapter focuses on two different types of mobility: short-term travel and longer-term migration. First, it discusses the travel ban that was signed by President Trump on 27 January 2017, the same day he welcomed the UK prime minister to the White House. Second, it discusses the way in which migration was framed as a problem by advocates of Brexit. It argues that both the travel ban and the migration problem operate in similar ways by creating hierarchies of acceptability based on nationality, race, religion, or other social characteristics. This practice has historical antecedents in its articulation and enforcement of the biopolitics of mobility.

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