25. The Shifting Global Balance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Young ◽  
John Kent
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Financial Capitalism

This chapter examines the shift in global balance that began in the post-2007 economic crisis. For a considerable time before the 2008 crisis, the United States and most European states had been living on high levels of debt both national and individual, public and private. Manufacturing in the developed West, and its provision of secure jobs for many workers, was undermined by the new economic environment of globalization, as well as the growth of cheaper manufacturing in China and the other BRIC countries. A new epoch of financial capitalism, which had emerged since the 1980s, was in full swing by the start of the Noughties. The chapter first considers the post-2007 economic crisis before discussing the continuing rise of China and Russian foreign policy under Vladimir Putin. It concludes with an assessment of international reactions to China’s rise, including those of East Asia, international organizations, and Taiwan.

25. Economic Problems in the West and the Economic Rise of China in the East

2020 ◽  
pp. 612-632
Author(s):  
John W. Young ◽  
John Kent
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Financial Capitalism

This chapter examines the shift in global balance that began in the post-2007 economic crisis. For a considerable time before the 2008 crisis, the United States and most European states had been living on high levels of debt both national and individual, public and private. Manufacturing in the developed West, and its provision of secure jobs for many workers, was undermined by the new economic environment of globalization, as well as the growth of cheaper manufacturing in China and the other BRIC countries. A new epoch of financial capitalism, which had emerged since the 1980s, was in full swing by the start of the Noughties. The chapter first considers the post-2007 economic crisis, before discussing the continuing rise of China and Russian foreign policy under Vladimir Putin. It concludes with an assessment of international reactions to China’s rise, including those of East Asia, international organizations, and Taiwan.

scholarly journals An “Ironclad Friend”: Explaining Cambodia’s Bandwagoning Policy towards China

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-464
Author(s):  
Sovinda Po ◽  
Christopher B. Primiano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Engagement ◽  
The Rise Of China

In this article, drawing from both interviews and secondary sources, we examine why Cambodia welcomes the rise of China when other states appear to be less enthusiastic. Despite the alarm in the region at China’s assertiveness, Cambodia, unlike some other nation states, has chosen to bandwagon with China. While some states in the region are pursuing a mixed strategy of economic engagement with China on the one hand and security alignment with the United States on the other (i.e. hedging), which allows such states to be on good terms with both the United States and China, Cambodia has embraced China almost exclusively. Situating the issue within the IR literature of bandwagoning, balancing, and hedging, this article presents four variables explaining the motivations behind Cambodia’s bandwagoning policy towards China. Towards the end, we offer some suggestions for Cambodia to move forward.

scholarly journals THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDONESIA'S EXPORT TO UNITED STATES, 1986-2003: A SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ahmad Helmy Fuady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The objective of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports to the United States (US) market, compared to other Asian economies, namely Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Republic of Korea and India, over the period of 1986-2003. A shift-share method is applied to single digit SITC US imports data from those countries. It found that the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports changes over time. The Indonesia's exports reached its best performance in the period 1992-1997. However, after the 1997 economic crisis, Indonesia faces a serious problem, since none of its export has competitiveness in the US market, compared to the reference economy. The analysis also shows that China has consistently posed a serious pressure not only for Indonesia, but also for the other Asian economies.

Social Transformations and Revolutions

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Social Inquiry ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
The Rise Of China

Problems of social transformations and revolutions belong to the classical agenda of social inquiry, as well as to the most prominent challenges encountered by contemporary societies. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the Soviet collapse of socialism prompts a timely reflection on the significant transformations and revolutions which took place since then. The book analyses the transformation of Europe and the United States, and the extent to which their military actions in the wake of 9/11 have had a major transformative global impact. It also examines how the economic crisis that began in 2007/8 caused a series of breakdowns and provoked demands for democratic and social transformations, so far unfulfilled. The volume also surveys major transformations linked to the rise of China, India and Brazil, and the framework of global capitalism, including multiple economic, political, ecological and civilizational transformations. It contains reflections on the theoretical debates on revolutions and transformations as well.

One master, one sovereign

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Babones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rise Of China ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
The Rise Of China

Contrary to declinist narratives, the dominance of the United States in the contemporary world-system is increasingly solid and stable. The US economy remains vibrant, but the US benefits also from the desire of people to participate in the global economic system that has the United States at its core. The fact that the American Tianxia acts on an individual basis at least as much as on an international one massively privileges US individuals, organizations, and institutions. Others pay this price due to the network externalities gained from membership in the system. These flows counteract political entropy -- the tendency of imperial political systems to disintegrate. The American Tianxia thus does not fit the "new medievalism" model of international relations; as Vladimir Putin protests, it is a unipolar system with "one master, one sovereign." Advocates of a return to multipolarity (including Vladimir Putin) point to the rise of China as their main hope, but forecasts of China's continuing economic rise are vastly oversold.

From Crisis to Crisis

Putinomics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Bail Out

In 2008, Vladimir Putin reached the end of his second presidential term. Barred by the constitution from serving three consecutive terms, he appointed Dmitry Medvedev his successor and took the position of prime minister for himself. The political shift coincided with an economic crisis, as the financial crash in the United States spread to Russia. Oil prices slumped and financial markets froze up. Many in Russia predicted the end of Putinomics, and new president Medvedev touted his plans to diversify Russia’s economy away from energy. Little came of that. Instead, Russia used the huge financial war chest that Putin had built up to bail out businesses and plug holes in the budget while waiting for an economic recovery. Renewed growth came quickly, though with less vigor than before. Slower growth rates and continued corruption sparked anti-Putin protests in Moscow during late 2011 and early 2012, but Putin’s record of economic success during the 2000s gave him the support he needed to sideline opponents and reassert his control on power. He returned to the presidency in 2012.

Working With Interpreters to Support Students Who Are English Language Learners

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette W. Langdon ◽  
Terry Irvine Saenz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Support Students

The number of English Language Learners (ELL) is increasing in all regions of the United States. Although the majority (71%) speak Spanish as their first language, the other 29% may speak one of as many as 100 or more different languages. In spite of an increasing number of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who can provide bilingual services, the likelihood of a match between a given student's primary language and an SLP's is rather minimal. The second best option is to work with a trained language interpreter in the student's language. However, very frequently, this interpreter may be bilingual but not trained to do the job.

Armed Violence in the Ideology of Contemporary Islamic Fundamentalism - Study models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Laith Mzahim Khudair Kazem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
At Home

The armed violence of many radical Islamic movements is one of the most important means to achieve the goals and objectives of these movements. These movements have legitimized and legitimized these violent practices and constructed justification ideologies in order to justify their use for them both at home against governments or against the other Religiously, intellectually and even culturally, or abroad against countries that call them the term "unbelievers", especially the United States of America.

Can India Balance China in Asia?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Holslag
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
The One

The chapter argues that India has a strong interest to balance China and that the two Asian giants will not be able grow together without conflict. However, India will not be able to balance China’s rise. The chapter argues that India remains stuck between nonalignment and nonperformance. On the one hand, it resists the prospect of a new coalition that balances China from the maritime fringes of Eurasia, especially if that coalition is led by the United States. On the other hand, it has failed to strengthen its own capabilities. Its military power lags behind China’s, its efforts to reach out to both East and Central Asia have ended in disappointment, and its economic reforms have gone nowhere. As a result of that economic underachievement, India finds itself also torn between emotional nationalism and paralyzing political fragmentation, which, in turn, will further complicate its role as a regional power.

The Proximity of Other Skins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celine Parreñas Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Existing Frames ◽  
The Voice

Transnational films representing intimacy and inequality disrupt and disgust Western spectators. When wounded bodies within poverty entangle with healthy wealthy bodies in sex, romance and care, fear and hatred combine with desire and fetishism. Works from the Philippines, South Korea, and independents from the United States and France may not be made for the West and may not make use of Hollywood traditions. Rather, they demand recognition for the knowledge they produce beyond our existing frames. They challenge us to go beyond passive consumption, or introspection of ourselves as spectators, for they represent new ways of world-making we cannot unsee, unhear, or unfeel. The spectator is redirected to go beyond the rapture of consuming the other to the rupture that arises from witnessing pain and suffering. Self-displacement is what proximity to intimate inequality in cinema ultimately compels and demands so as to establish an ethical way of relating to others. In undoing the spectator, the voice of the transnational filmmaker emerges. Not only do we need to listen to filmmakers from outside Hollywood who unflinchingly engage the inexpressibility of difference, we need to make room for critics and theorists who prioritize the subjectivities of others. When the demographics of filmmakers and film scholars are not as diverse as its spectators, films narrow our worldviews. To recognize our culpability in the denigration of others unleashes the power of cinema. The unbearability of stories we don’t want to watch and don’t want to feel must be borne.

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