scholarly journals A systematic review of alcohol education programs for young people: do these programs change behavior?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L M Calverley ◽  
Lauren A Petrass ◽  
Jennifer D Blitvich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Change Behavior

Abstract Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples’ alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15–24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes.

Genotype and phenotypic spectrum of vitamin D dependent rickets type 1A: our experience and systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjunath Havalappa Dodamani ◽  
Manjeetkaur Sehemby ◽  
Saba Samad Memon ◽  
Vijaya Sarathi ◽  
Anurag R. Lila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Pathogenic Variants

Abstract Background Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR1) is a rare disease due to pathogenic variants in 1-α hydroxylase gene. We describe our experience with systematic review of world literature to describe phenotype and genotype. Methods Seven patients from six unrelated families with genetically proven VDDR1 from our cohort and 165 probands from systematic review were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical features, biochemistry, genetics, management, and long-term outcome were retrieved. Results In our cohort, the median age at presentation and diagnosis was 11(4–18) and 40(30–240) months. The delayed diagnoses were due to misdiagnoses as renal tubular acidosis and hypophosphatemic rickets. Four had hypocalcemic seizures in infancy whereas all had rickets by 2 years. All patients had biochemical response to calcitriol, however two patients diagnosed post-puberty had persistent deformity. Genetic analysis revealed two novel (p.Met260Arg, p.Arg453Leu) and a recurring variant (p.Phe443Profs*24). Systematic review showed that seizures as most common presentation in infancy, whereas delayed motor milestones and deformities after infancy. Diagnosis was delayed in 27 patients. Patients with unsatisfactory response despite compliance were >12 years at treatment initiation. Inappropriately normal 1,25(OH)2D may be present, however suppressed ratio of 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D may provide a clue to diagnosis. Various region specific and hot-spot recurrent variants are described. Patients with truncating variants had higher daily calcitriol requirement and greatly suppressed ratio of 1,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D. Conclusion Delayed diagnosis may lead to permanent short stature and deformities. Truncating variants tend to have severe disease as compared to non-truncating variants. Diagnostic accuracy of 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D ratio needs further validation.

scholarly journals Sexuality in eating disorders patients: etiological factors, sexual dysfunction and identity issues. A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Castellini ◽  
Lorenzo Lelli ◽  
Valdo Ricca ◽  
Mario Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Desire Satisfaction

AbstractThe scientific community appears to be less interested in sexuality of eating disorders (EDs) as compared to other psychiatric or medical comorbidities. However, a clear association between sexual problems and ED psychopathology was reported from different perspectives. The overarching goal of this systematic review was to evaluate the general approach of the scientific literature toward the topic of sexuality and EDs. In particular, four different categories of research have been individuated, encompassing the role of puberty, and sexual abuse in the pathogenesis of the disorders, sexual dysfunctions, and the association between sexual orientation and EDs psychopathology. Timing of puberty with its hormonal consequences and the changes in the way persons perceive their own body represent a crucial period of life for the onset of the disorder. Sexual abuse, and especially childhood sexual abuse are well-recognized risk factors for the development of ED, determining a worse long-term outcome. Recent research overcome the approach that considers sexual activity of EDs patients, in terms of hypersexuality and dangerous sexual behaviors, considering the sexuality of EDs persons in terms of sexual desire, satisfaction, orgasm and pain. Results from this line of research are promising, and describe a clear relationship between sexual dysfunction and the core psychopathological features of EDs, such as body image disturbances. Finally, the analysis of the literature showed an association between sexual orientation and gender dysphoria with EDs psychopathology and pathological eating behaviors, confirming the validity of research developing new models of maintaining factors of EDs related to the topic of self-identity.

scholarly journals Internet-based psychodynamic therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for adolescents with depression: Study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (the ERiCA study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Mechler ◽  
Karin Lindqvist ◽  
Per Carlbring ◽  
Peter Lilliengren ◽  
Fredrik Falkenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
End Of Treatment

Abstract Background: Adolescent depression is a common mental health problem and there is an urgent need for effective and accessible treatments. Internet-based interventions solve many obstacles for seeking and receiving treatment, thus increasing access to effective treatments. Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) for adolescent depression has demonstrated efficacy in previous trials. In order to broaden the range of evidence-based treatments for young people we evaluated a newly developed affect-focused internet-based psychodynamic treatment (IPDT) in a previous study with promising results. The purpose of the planned study is to evaluate the efficacy of IPDT for adolescent depression in a non-inferiority trial, comparing it to ICBT. Methods: The study will employ a parallel randomized non-inferiority design (ratio 1:1; n = 210). Eligible participants are adolescents 15-19 years suffering from depression. The primary hypothesis is that IPDT will be non-inferior to ICBT in reducing depressive symptoms from pre-treatment to end of treatment. Secondary research questions include comparing outcomes of IPDT and ICBT regarding anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation and self-compassion. Additional data will be collected to evaluate cost-effectiveness as well as investigating predictors, moderators and mediators of outcome. In addition, we will examine long-term outcome up to one year after end of treatment. Diagnostic interviews with MINI 7.0 will be used to establish primary diagnosis of depression as well as ruling out any exclusion criteria. Both treatments consist of eight modules over ten weeks, complemented with therapist support through text messages and weekly chat sessions. Primary outcome measure is the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents Self-Rated (QIDS-A17-SR). Primary outcome will be analyzed using data from all participants entering the study using a multilevel growth curve strategy based on the weekly measurements of QIDS-A17-SR. The non-inferiority margin is defined as d = 0.30. Discussion: This trial will demonstrate whether IPDT is non-inferior to ICBT in the treatment of adolescent depression. The study might therefore broaden the range of evidence-based treatment alternatives for young people struggling with depression. Further analyses of data from this trial may increase our knowledge about "what works for whom" and the pathways of change for two distinct types of interventions.

scholarly journals Long-Term Prognosis of Endodontic Microsurgery—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Diogo Pinto ◽  
Andréa Marques ◽  
Joana F. Pereira ◽  
Paulo J. Palma ◽  
João Miguel Santos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Endodontic Microsurgery

Background and objectives: The long-term outcome of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) performed on root-filled teeth affected by post-treatment apical periodontitis (AP) has been a matter of debate, re-launched by the introduction of novel root-end filling materials which have been proven to improve the short-term outcome of EMS. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic long-term outcome of endodontic microsurgery in teeth diagnosed with secondary AP through radiographic evaluation. Materials and Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined a priori to select the best longitudinal evidence. Only randomized clinical trials (RCT) and prospective clinical studies (PCS), with a follow-up ≥ 2-year, and exhibiting well-established clinical and radiographic outcome criteria, were selected. Results: A total of 573 articles were obtained, from which 10 fulfill inclusion criteria: 6 PCS and 4 RCT. Meta-analysis showed a pooled proportion of success rate of 91.3%, from an overall amount of 453 treated teeth included in RCT; from overall 839 included teeth in PCS, a pooled success rate of 78.4% was observed, with the follow-up time ranging from 2 to 13-years. Survival rate outcomes varied from 79 to 100% for the same follow-up period. Five prognostic factors with influence on the outcome were disclosed: smoking habits, tooth location and type, absence/presence of dentinal defects, interproximal bone level, and root-end filling material. Conclusions: High success rates and predictable results can be expected when EMS is performed by trained endodontists, allowing good prognosis and preservation of teeth affected by secondary AP.

Systematic review of early and long-term outcome of liver resection for metastatic breast cancer: Is there a survival benefit?

The Breast ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Gon Yoo ◽  
Isaac Cranshaw ◽  
Reuben Broom ◽  
Sanjay Pandanaboyana ◽  
Adam Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Liver Resection ◽  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome
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