scholarly journals The impact of trawling on the epibenthic megafauna of the west Greenland shelf

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Yesson ◽  
Jess Fisher ◽  
Taylor Gorham ◽  
Chris J. Turner ◽  
Nanette Hammeken Arboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Shrimp Trawl ◽  
Mixed Ground ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Benthic habitats are important elements of polar marine environments, but can be vulnerable to anthropogenic influences such as trawling. Bottom trawling can reduce diversity and alter communities, although some habitats show resilience. The shrimp trawl fishery of West Greenland is a significant part of Greenland's economy. It operates along the west coast from the narrow rockier shelf of the south, up to deeper, muddy areas around Disko Bay. Here we use a benthic drop camera to sample 201 sites between latitudes 60–72°N and depths of 61–725m. Linear models examined relationships of taxon abundance and diversity with bottom trawling intensity and environment (depth, temperature, current, iceberg concentration). Trawling intensity is the most important factor determining the overall abundance of benthic organisms, accounting for 12–16% of variance, although environmental conditions also show significant associations. Sessile erect organisms such as corals show a significant negative response to trawling. Soft sediment communities show a higher resilience than rocky areas. On soft sediments significantly lower abundance characterises sites trawled under five years ago. On hard/mixed ground reduced abundance remains characteristic of sites trawled a decade ago. Continued monitoring of benthic habitats is an essential part of evaluating the ongoing impacts of trawl fisheries.

scholarly journals Integrative, regional assessment of bottom trawling impact on benthic habitats in the east Atlantic.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Van Hoey ◽  
Ole Ritzau Eigaard ◽  
Tobias Van Kooten ◽  
Sebastian Valenko ◽  
Adriaan Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
The Impact

Based on a European union request, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has explored and advised on indicators of pressure and impact of bottom trawling on the seabed, and of trade-offs in the catch and value of landings. Such assessment frameworks combine pressure (trawling intensity) with benthic habitats and their sensitivity to estimate the impacts on regional scale. The main differences between the indicators lay in their underlying scientific basis for determining sensitivity. Two approaches, the longevity and the population dynamic approach, are based on a statistical prediction of the longevity distribution of the benthic community, which is a practically very attractive way to capture sensitivity to trawling. The BH3 approach uses a categorical scoring approach for sensitivity. The BH2 relies on empirical observations to estimate changes in Margaleff diversity. In general, the use of continuous environmental variables, rather than the EUNIS habitat classes seemed promising for assessing impacts as they result in larger gradients in the sensitivity layer. Major steps forward in assessing the impact of bottom trawling were made, but improved parameterization and further ground-truthing is required, which will be further taken up in the ICES working group WGFBIT.

scholarly journals Integrative, regional assessment of bottom trawling impact on benthic habitats in the east Atlantic.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert Van Hoey ◽  
Ole Ritzau Eigaard ◽  
Tobias Van Kooten ◽  
Sebastian Valenko ◽  
Adriaan Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Statistical Prediction ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Bottom Trawling ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
The Impact

Based on a European union request, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) has explored and advised on indicators of pressure and impact of bottom trawling on the seabed, and of trade-offs in the catch and value of landings. Such assessment frameworks combine pressure (trawling intensity) with benthic habitats and their sensitivity to estimate the impacts on regional scale. The main differences between the indicators lay in their underlying scientific basis for determining sensitivity. Two approaches, the longevity and the population dynamic approach, are based on a statistical prediction of the longevity distribution of the benthic community, which is a practically very attractive way to capture sensitivity to trawling. The BH3 approach uses a categorical scoring approach for sensitivity. The BH2 relies on empirical observations to estimate changes in Margaleff diversity. In general, the use of continuous environmental variables, rather than the EUNIS habitat classes seemed promising for assessing impacts as they result in larger gradients in the sensitivity layer. Major steps forward in assessing the impact of bottom trawling were made, but improved parameterization and further ground-truthing is required, which will be further taken up in the ICES working group WGFBIT.

Impact of agricultural practices and environmental variables on plant-parasitic nematode communities in fields at a landscape scale

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Garcia ◽  
Laurent Folcher ◽  
Luc Biju-Duval ◽  
Agathe Maupetit ◽  
Benoit Ricci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Agricultural practices shaping plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) assembly are still unclear, and this limits our understanding of the impact of anthropic disturbances on the resilience of PPN communities and the emergence of agronomic problems. Here the abundance and diversity of PPN in France’s oilseed rape production area was determined by sampling 72 fields over two consecutive years. We identified and counted PPN taxa and collected anthropic and environmental variables for the past 5 years. PPN were assigned to seven genera and one family including PPN that have not been identified to genus level. Using multiple correspondence analyses, we selected the main variables and tested their effect on the abundance of each taxon with mixed generalised linear models. We emphasise that at the landscape scale investigated, crop rotations were no longer a major factor impacting the PPN communities. However, we observed that tillage and pesticides had a significant impact on several taxa.

Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72
Author(s):  
Morteza Karimi-Nia
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The West ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Religious Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

Faiza Ambah's Mariam and the Embodied Politics of Veiling in France

Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350
Author(s):  
Kaya Davies Hayon
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Veil ◽  
Islam And Secularism ◽  
The Impact

This article argues that Mariam uses its eponymous heroine's lived and embodied experiences of veiling to explore the impact of French secular legislation on Muslim schoolgirls' everyday lives in France. Interweaving secularism studies, feminism and phenomenology, I argue that the film portrays the headscarf as the primary means by which its protagonist is able to resist male patriarchal authority and negotiate her hybrid subjectivity. I conclude that Mariam offers a nuanced representation of veiling that troubles the perceived distinctions between Islam and secularism, oppression and freedom, and the veil and feminism in France and the West.

Objectivity of Scientific Research as an Ethical and Political Position (Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Zapesotsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The West ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Humanities And Social Sciences ◽  
Nonfiction Essays ◽  
The Impact

Book Review: P.P. Tolochko. Ukraine between Russia and the West: Historical and Nonfiction Essays. Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2018. - 592 pp. ISBN 978-5-7621-0973-4This author discusses the problem of scientific objectivity and reviews a book written by the medievalist-historian P.P. Tolochko, full member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), honorable director of the NASU Institute of Archaeology. The book was published by the Saint Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences in the autumn of 2018. The book presents a collection of articles and reports devoted to processes in Ukraine and, first of all, in Ukrainian historical science, which, at the moment, is experiencing an era of serious reformation of its interpretative models. The author of the book shows that these models are being reformed to suit the requirements of the new ideology, with an obvious disregard for the conduct of objective scientific research. In this regard, the problem of objectivity of scientific research becomes the subject of this review because the requirement of objectivity can be viewed not only as a methodological requirement but also as a moral and political position, opposing the rigor of scientific research to the impact of ideological, political and moral systems and judgments. It is concluded that in this sense the position of P.P. Tolochko can be considered as the act of profound ethical choice.

The Impact of Secularism on Religious Beliefs and Practices

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Adibah Binti AbdulRahim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
The West ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man’s life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint which is cut off from Divine, Transcendent or Supernatural principles and does not refer to and is isolated from Revelation. In terms of its intensity and scope as well as its discernable effects upon people’s mind, the repercussion of secularism is so pervasive and universal. It gives a great impact on every facet of life including individual and family lives as well as educational, political, economic and social-cultural realm. Most importantly, secularism affects the very tenets of traditional religious beliefs and practices. This paper tries to focus on the danger of secularism and its principles which are contradict to the religious worldview.  

Islam, Economic Rationalism, and Accounting

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-93
Author(s):  
Roger Willett ◽  
Maliah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The West ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Belief Structure ◽  
Belief Structures ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the impact of western accounting technologies on belief structures such as those of the Islamic faith. It assesses a theory of accounting reporting originally proposed by Baydoun and Willett (1994). It goes on to consider the nature and origins of western materialist philosophy and contrasts the belief structure of Islam with the West. The paper also ex.amines the historical context in which western values became adopted in Muslim societies and discusses the policy issues that confront Islamic accounting standard setters.

scholarly journals Droperidol dropped; consultants not consulted

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Gavin Reid ◽  
Mark Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The West ◽  
Abrupt Withdrawal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Psychiatric Profession ◽  
The Impact

Aims and Method We conducted a postal questionnaire survey of the practice of rapid tranquillisation among 215 consultant psychiatrists in the West of Scotland, before and after the withdrawal of droperidol by the manufacturer. Results One hundred and eighty questionnaires (84% of those sent) were returned. Droperidol had been used extensively, often combined with lorazepam, for rapid tranquillisation. The main replacement suggested for droperidol was haloperidol. About half of the respondents to our survey chose to comment on the withdrawal of droperidol. More than half of the comments were unfavourable, including lack of an adequate replacement and lack of consultation with the psychiatric profession. Clinical Implications The abrupt withdrawal of droperidol, partly for commercial reasons, was regrettable. There was no time for an adequate evaluation of possible replacement medications and a lack of consultation with the profession regarding the impact on clinical care.

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