scholarly journals New Words and New Forms of Linguistic Purism in the 21st Century: The Italian Debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
Carla Marello
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
New Words ◽  
International Language ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Linguistic Purism

Abstract Unlike communities of speakers of other Romance languages such as French and Spanish, it has often been noticed that many Italian speakers are not particularly concerned by the inflow of foreign (mainly English) words. One reason for this, according to some scholars, is that standard Italian does not stir up linguistic identity for many native users, while English enjoys great prestige as the international language. In this paper, positions on neologisms of foreign origin are illustrated, using recently updated monolingual Italian dictionaries and also comments on neologisms collected from blogs and websites. Although they have a different status and degree of representativeness, the latter respond faster than dictionaries to doubts concerning the use of loans in Italian texts.

The Acquisition of Word-Formation in the Romance Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
New Words ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Elicitation Studies

Several factors influence children’s initial choices of word-formation options––simplicity of form, transparency of meaning, and productivity in current adult speech. The coining of new words is also constrained by general pragmatic considerations for usage: Reliance on conventionality, contrast, and cooperation between speaker and addressee. For children acquiring French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, the data on what they know about word-formation for the coining of new words consist primarily of diary observations; in some cases, these are supplemented with experimental elicitation studies of the comprehension and production of new word-forms. The general patterns in Romance acquisition of word-formation favor derivation over compounding. Children produce some spontaneous coinages with zero derivation (verbs converted to nouns in French, for example) from as young as 2 years, 6 months (2;6). The earliest suffixes children put to use in these languages tend to be agentive (from 2;6 to 3 years onward), followed by instrumental, objective, locative, and, slightly later, diminutive. The only prefixes that emerge early in child innovations are negative ones used to express reversals of actions. Overall, the general patterns of acquisition for word-formation in Romance are similar to those in Semitic, where derivation is also more productive than compounding, rather than to those in Germanic, where compounding is highly productive, and emerges very early, before any derivational forms.

scholarly journals El sufijo «-ing» en español y catalán: análisis contrastivo desde la perspectiva lexicográfica

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 369-396
Author(s):  
Marta Prat Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en realizar un análisis contrastivo entre español y catalán sobre el uso del sufijo -ing de procedencia inglesa. Para ello, se compara, en primer lugar, la mayor o menor aceptabilidad de anglicismos con esta terminación en los diccionarios normativos y de uso de ambas lenguas románicas. En segundo lugar, se demuestra que, además de tratarse de un morfema derivativo que forma parte de importaciones léxicas, posee un valor productivo en la creación o aceptación de nuevas palabras con esta terminación. Por último, la valoración de su presencia en el contexto lexicográfico sugiere constatar en futuros trabajos la vitalidad de este sufijo en el uso más espontáneo de las lenguas española y catalana. The objective of this article is to carry out a contrastive analysis between Spanish and Catalan on the use of the English suffix -ing. For this purpose, the greater or lesser acceptability of anglicisms is compared, first, with this word ending in the normative and use dictionaries of both Romance languages. Secondly, it is shown that, besides being a derivative morpheme which is part of lexical imports, it has a productive value in the creation or acceptance of new words with this ending. Finally, the assessment of its presence in the lexicographical context suggests that future researches will verify the vitality of this suffix in the most spontaneous use of the Spanish and Catalan languages.

Spanish and Italian Diminutives Compared: Two Alternatives of a Single Diasystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
John M. Ryan ◽  
Víctor Parra-Guinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Over Time

The relexification of diminutives has been one of the most productive ways to create new words in the Romance languages. The phenomenon is defined as the historical reanalysis of a lexical item composed of root plus diminutive suffix, whereby the original semantic value of the suffix is bleached over time and its combined form is subsequently reanalyzed as part of a new single morphological root carrying new meaning. This study provides a quantitative lexicographic analysis of the entirety of diminutives that have relexified in the history of Italian. When compared to results for Spanish by Ryan and Parra-Guinaldo (2016), data of this study suggest that Italian followed a very different trajectory of diminutive relexification from Latin than that for Spanish. Specifically, Italian appears to have developed a preference for the alternate ad hoc diminutive suffixes -ino/a and -etto/a (based on non-diminutive Latin forms) at a much earlier period than did Spanish, allowing for greater absorption and the time necessary for relexification. Contrastively, lexicographic data for Spanish suggest that Spanish instead continued to favor reflexes of the original Latin diminutive suffixes. The reasons proposed for this divergence is the relatively early colonization of the Iberian Peninsula and continued preference for traditional Latin diminutive endings over innovative endings that were being adopted Empire-wide, beyond Castile, including other regions of Hispania Keywords: morphology, lexicon, diminutives, Italian, Spanish

scholarly journals Pendampingan Penguatan Literasi Bahasa Inggris Anak melalui “Multiple Stories-Reading”

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Nuna Mustikawati Dewi ◽  
Lulut Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
New Words ◽  
International Language ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
English Literacy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Words ◽  
Learning English

<p>English as an international language is needed for community to socialize each other. That is why learning English is important, formal and informal, for young learners to achieve the target of learning English in accordance with curriculum demands. For this reason, it is necessary to apply joyful learning for young learners. <em>Multiple Stories-reading</em> is one of the great methodsto be implemented through several stages: stimuli through novel words, stories and illustrations, followed by story exposure (story reading and listening), Animation task (integration of new words), Phonological recall and Definition of words. This community service in Jatisari village, Mijen Semarang, was aimed  to help the young learners, to improve their English language skills by strengthening English literacy through multiple stories-reading. It was preceded by observation, and the implementation of this method was carried out by socialization, the preparation stage, and the implementation phase. The results of the application method were as followed:  they got new vocabulary from various kinds of stories, and obtained directly by them through transferring ideas, values, characters, good-bad and ideologies.</p><p> </p><p>Bahasa Inggris sebagai salah satu bahasa internasional diperlukan dalam masyarakat untuk saling bersosialisasi. Oleh karena itulah diperlukan pembelajaran yang baik, formal dan informal, sejak anak-anak agar tercapai target pembelajaran bahasa Inggris sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulumm. Untuk itulah diperlukan penerapan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan untuk anak-anak (young learners). Multiple Stories-reading merupakan salah astu metode yang bisa diterapkan untuk anak-anak melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu: stimuli melalui novel words, stories dan ilustrasi, dilanjutkan dengan story exposure (pembacaan cerita dan anak-anak mendengarkan), animasi task (integrasi kata-kata baru yang didengar), dan phonological recall (pengulangan cara membaca), serta definisi kata-kata. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat di desa Jatisari, Mijen Semarang, bertujuan untuk membantu masyarakat, khususnya anak-anak dalam rangka meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa Inggris dengan penguatan literasi Bahasa Inggris melalui ‘multiple stories-reading. Dengan didahului dengan observasi, implementasi metode ini dilaksanakan dengan diawali dengan sosialisasi, tahap persiapan, dan tahap pelaksanaan. Hasil dari penerapan metode ini antara lain; anak-anak mendapatkan kosa-kata baru dari berbagai macam cerita, dengan diperoleh langsung oleh mereka melalui transfer ide, nilai, karakter, baik-buruk dan ideologi.</p>

LEXICOGRAPHY IN THE SITUATION OF NEOLOGY EXTREME (BASED ON THE NEW CORONAVIRUS LEXICON)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (99) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
TAISIYA N. BUTSEVA ◽  
ALEKSANDR V. ZELENIN
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The research questions in this issue include the following: the first is the problem of usual meaning of neologisms. During the coronavirus pandemic there has been a flurry of new words and phrases in many languages. Such a linguistic phenomenon can be called an extreme peak in the appearance of new words and meanings. The second is the problem of assessment, the need for lexicographying such words in the explanatory dictionary, in particular, in the multivolume Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 21st century (ed. by G. N. Sklyarevskaya). General characteristics of the covid dictionary (more than 600 units), formed at the moment in Russian, are described in the article. The theoretical basis of the category of lexical neologisms is the N.Z. Kotelova’s theory, who founded an academic neographic school. She developed the principles of selecting neologisms in explanatory dictionaries and formulated specifics of those words. The article attempts to analyze covid lexemes and proposes a preliminary toolkit for selecting lexemes that can be considered as potentially usual. Almost 140 covid nominations, which make up about 23 % of the collected corpus of COVID vocabulary, have high potentiality for new words'usualisation. Research methods in this issue are: systemic, classification, statistical, deductive, inductive.

scholarly journals Latin in the 21st Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
pp. 6-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moss Pike
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
True Meaning

Every Latin teacher has at some point been asked to justify why the study of Latin, a dead language, matters today. SAT scores, success in the medical and law fields, and its basis for the Romance languages are often cited as valid justifications to study Latin (see the NCSSFL “Benefits of Latin Study”); but these reasons are devoid of any true meaning or purpose, and I cringe when I hear them, even if they do help bolster enrolment.

scholarly journals Improving the Students’ Creativity in Writing Descriptive Texts by Using Super PC Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Lailatul Musyarofah ◽  
Amaliah Amaliah
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
International Language ◽  
Contextualized Learning

The purpose of this study was to describe the increase of students’ creativity in writing descriptive text by using Super PC with mind map method. The result of this study wasthe students’ creativity could be developed by means of creative teachers who also contextualized learning with media that students have known every day, that is by using super PC (Supermarket Product Catalog) media. The use of Super PC media in the seventh grade of Junior High School 2 Sidoarjo brings a positive impact to the students’ creativity in writing descriptive text. This can be seen from the comparison of Cycle I, that is, with index 2.26, with less creative category. Whereas in the second cycle (Cycle II), the index was improving to 4.45 with a very creative category. Students have a creative character and in terms of practicality, clarity, quality and usefulness. The results of writing gradually improve positively. This media is also specifically designed to overcome saturation, limited vocabulary in using international language in the implementation of learning that prepares students in the 21st century, especially students’ creativity in writing descriptive text.

scholarly journals PERANAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM PENGUATAN NASIONALISME DI INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Third World ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Third World

Abstract The 21st century is a triumph for the era of globalization. An era that tries to make the world, especially the world incorporated in the third world category (developed) like Indonesia to carefully and firmly address all the effects it produces. Globalization is, in essence, a process of generating ideas, then offered to be followed by other nations that eventually arrive at a common point of agreement and serve as a common ground for nations around the world. Globalization as well as nationalism is a concept of a pluralistic. Substantively also contains a contradictory spirit. Nationalism with the spirit of exclusiveness desires loyalty to the nation and state. Nationalism, in any way, tried to convince a nation that felt the same ground, breathed the same air, and drank water from the same source, that is, Bumi Indonesia. To love the homeland that gives the source of life as a gift of Allah SWT. So that every form of natural produce should be utilized as well as possible for the common welfare as a nation. In the process, Indonesia tries to shed tribal, religious, racial and linguistic identity for a cooperation to achieve prosperity. While Islam is one of the religions that desires the unity and unity among human beings. Encourage his people to love and work for the inhabited country. Abstrak Abad 21 merupakan masa kejayaan bagi era globalisasi. Sebuah era yang mencoba  menjadikan  dunia,  khususnya  dunia  yang  tergabung  dalam  kategori dunia ketiga (berkembang) seperti Indonesia untuk secara cermat dan tegas menyikapi segala efek yang ditimbulkannya. Globalisasi pada hakikatnya adalah suatu proses dari gagasan yang dimunculkan, kemudian ditawarkan untuk diikuti oleh bangsa lain yang akhirnya sampai pada suatu titik kesepakatan bersama dan menjadi pedoman bersama bagi bangsa-bangsa di seluruh dunia. Globalisasi  sebagaimana   juga  nasionalisme adalah   sebuah   konsep berwajah majemuk. Secara substansif juga mengandung semangat yang bertolak belakang. Nasionalisme dengan semangat eksklusifisme menghendaki kesetiaan kepada bangsa dan negara. Nasionalisme, dalam rupa apapun sejatinya mencoba meyakinkan bangsa yang merasa berpijak pada bumi yang sama, menghirup udara yang sama, juga meneguk air dari sumber yang sama, yakni Bumi Indonesia. Untuk mencintai tanah airnya yang memberikan sumber kehidupan sebagai anugerah Allah SWT. Sehingga setiap wujud hasil alam harus dimanfaatkan dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk kesejahteraan bersama sebagai suatu bangsa. Dalam prosesnya, Indonesia mencoba menanggalkan identitas kesukuan, agama, ras maupun bahasa demi sebuah kerjasama mencapai kesejahteraan. Sementara  Islam  adalah  salah  satu  agama  yang  sangat  menghendaki adanya  persatuan  dan  kesatuan  antar  umat  manusia.  Menganjurkan umatnya untuk mencintai dan bekerja untuk negeri yang didiami. Kata Kunci:

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