Current Topics in Marmoset Anesthesia and Analgesia

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prominent risk factor for stroke and a leading cause of death and disability throughout Latin America. Contemporary evidence-based guidelines for the management of AF and stroke incorporate the use of practical and relatively simple scoring methods to estimate both stroke and bleeding risk, in order to assist in matching patients with appropriate interventions. This review examines consistencies and differences among guidelines for reducing stroke risk in patients with AF, assessing the role of user-friendly scoring methods to determine appropriate patients for anticoagulation and other treatment options. Current options include warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban. These agents have been found to be superior or noninferior to standard vitamin K antagonist anticoagulation in large randomized trials. Potential benefits of these agents mainly include lower ischemic stroke rates, reduced intracranial bleeding, no need for regular monitoring, and fewer drug–drug and drug–food interactions. Expert opinions regarding clinical situations for which data are presently lacking, such as emergency bleeding and stroke in anticoagulated patients, are also provided. Enhanced attention and adherence to evidence-based guidelines are essential components for a strategy to reduce stroke morbidity and mortality across Latin America.

Download Full-text

Response to Intervention

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1187 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Evelyn S. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Response To Intervention ◽

General Education ◽

Progress Monitoring ◽

Instructional Program ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Tier 2 ◽

Academic Challenges ◽

Essential Components ◽

Tier 1 ◽

Tier 2 Intervention

Response to intervention (RTI) is a framework that can help ensure the academic strengths and needs of students are met effectively and efficiently. Patterned on a public health model of prevention, the focus of RTI is on preventing and intervening for academic challenges through a system of increasingly intensive supports, where the least intensive but most effective option is the most desirable. RTI models consist of the key essential components of effective inclusive instruction, universal screening, progress monitoring, data-based instructional decision-making, tiered levels of evidence-based and culturally responsive interventions, and fidelity of implementation. When the RTI framework is well implemented, most students are successful in the general education environment. In the general education classroom, teachers provide quality core, or Tier 1, instruction for all students. Even with high-quality instruction, however, not all students will be successful. Between 10 and 15% of the student population will likely need more intensive academic support at some point during their schooling, typically referred to as Tier 2 intervention. Tier 2 provides a system of evidence-based intervention, designed to meet the needs of most students at risk for poor academic outcomes. Tier 2 interventions are meant to be short in duration, focused on improving skill deficits that interfere with students’ success, and comprised of systematic approaches to providing student support. For some students whose needs cannot be met through Tier 1 or 2 instruction, an even more intensive level of intervention will be required. Tier 3 consists of specially designed interventions to support the needs of students who require a more individualized, intensive instructional program. Through this multi-leveled prevention system, the RTI framework provides supports to students that are appropriate to their needs within an environment of equity, efficiency, and accountability. With a well-structured, rigorous implementation of RTI, schooling becomes much more fluid and responsive to meet student needs.

Download Full-text

An integrative review and evidence-based conceptual model of the essential components of pre-service education

Human Resources for Health ◽

10.1186/1478-4491-11-42 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Peter Johnson ◽

Linda Fogarty ◽

Judith Fullerton ◽

Julia Bluestone ◽

Mary Drake

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Integrative Review ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Essential Components

Download Full-text

The Importance of Data Within Contemporary CRM

Data Mining Applications for Empowering Knowledge Societies ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-657-0.ch006 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 96-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Diana Luck

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Data Collection ◽

Data Storage ◽

Relationship Management ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Customer Relationship ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Essential Components ◽

Collection Data ◽

Data Collation

In recent times, customer relationship management (CRM) has been defined as relating to sales, marketing, and even services automation. Additionally, the concept is increasingly associated with cost savings and streamline processes as well as with the engendering, nurturing and tracking of relationships with customers. Much less associations appear to be attributed to the creation, storage and mining of data. Although successful CRM is in evidence based on a triad combination of technology, people and processes, the importance of data is unquestionable. Accordingly, this chapter seeks to illustrate how, although the product and service elements as well as organizational structure and strategies are central to CRM, data is the pivotal dimension around which the concept revolves in contemporary terms. Consequently, this chapter seeks to illustrate how the processes associated with data management, namely: data collection, data collation, data storage and data mining, are essential components of CRM in both theoretical and practical terms.

Download Full-text

Establishing a Collaboration Contract to Facilitate Team Performance

Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice ◽

10.1891/2380-9418.9.1.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 13-19

Author(s):

Phyllis M. Gaspar ◽

Lori Catalano ◽

Timothy M. Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Team Performance ◽

Research Evidence ◽

American Association ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Professional Conduct ◽

Team Processes ◽

Doctor Of Nursing Practice ◽

Team Projects ◽

Essential Components ◽

Varied Composition

Effective collaboration is essential for team projects whether related to research, evidence-based practice, or quality improvement efforts and is especially relevant to the doctor of nursing practice (DNP)-prepared nurse (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2006). High-quality projects are accomplished through planning and organization and cannot be left to chance (Yonge, Skillen, & Henderson, 1996). A collaboration contract negates the “left to chance” philosophy by promoting clarity of roles, responsibilities, and team processes. Seven “Cs” of collaboration (contribution, communication, commitment, compatibility, consensus, credit, and cohesion) provide a guiding format for essential components of a contract (Govoni & Pierce, 1997; Lancaster, 1985). This article describes these components and the process for establishing a collaboration contract. An example of a contract is provided that can serve as a template for team projects. Approaches to adapting the contract for use with teams of varied composition are shared. A collaborative contract, along with professional conduct standards, supports achievement of the team goal.

Download Full-text

Unexpected Careers: My Environment Made Me Do Them

Kinesiology Review ◽

10.1123/kr.2021-0008 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Thomas L. McKenzie

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Systematic Observation ◽

University Campuses ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Essential Components ◽

Farm Life ◽

Part Time ◽

Observation Tools

This essay describes how environmental conditions affected my unexpected evolution from farm life in a rural Canadian community to becoming a physical education specialist and multisport coach and eventually a U.S. kinesiology scholar with a public health focus. I first recount my life on the farm and initial education and then identify the importance of full- and part-time jobs relative to how they helped prepare me for a life in academia. Later, I summarize two main areas of academic work that extended beyond university campuses—the design and implementation of evidence-based physical activity programs and the development of systematic observation tools to assess physical activity and its associated contexts in diverse settings, including schools, parks, and playgrounds. I conclude with a section on people and locations to illustrate the importance of collaborations—essential components for doing field-based work. Without those connections, I would not have had such an extensive and diverse career.

Download Full-text

A method for defining the CORE of a psychosocial intervention to guide adaptation in practice: Reciprocal imitation teaching as a case example

Autism ◽

10.1177/13623613211064431 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 136236132110644

Author(s):

Sarah R Edmunds ◽

Kyle M Frost ◽

R Chris Sheldrick ◽

Alice Bravo ◽

Diondra Straiton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Communication ◽

Core Model ◽

Future Research ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Community Practice ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

The Core ◽

Essential Components ◽

Core Components ◽

Reciprocal Imitation

Defining the central components of an intervention is critical for balancing fidelity with flexible implementation in both research settings and community practice. Implementation scientists distinguish an intervention’s essential components (thought to cause clinical change) and adaptable periphery (recommended, but not necessary). While implementing core components with fidelity may be essential for effectiveness, requiring fidelity to the adaptable periphery may stifle innovation critical for personalizing care and achieving successful community implementation. No systematic method exists for defining essential components a priori. We present the CORE (COmponents & Rationales for Effectiveness) Fidelity Method—a novel method for defining key components of evidence-based interventions—and apply it to a case example of reciprocal imitation teaching, a parent-implemented social communication intervention. The CORE Fidelity Method involves three steps: (1) gathering information from published and unpublished materials; (2) synthesizing information, including empirical and hypothesized causal explanations of component effectiveness; and (3) drafting a CORE model and ensuring its ongoing use in implementation efforts. Benefits of this method include: (1) ensuring alignment between intervention and fidelity materials; (2) clarifying the scope of the adaptable periphery to optimize implementation; and (3) hypothesizing—and later, empirically validating—the intervention’s active ingredients and their associated mechanisms of change. Lay abstract Interventions that support social communication include several “components,” or parts (e.g. strategies for working with children and families, targeting specific skills). Some of these components may be essential for the intervention to work, while others may be recommended or viewed as helpful but not necessary for the intervention to work. “Recommended” components are often described as “adaptable” because they can be changed to improve fit in different settings where interventions are offered or with different individuals. We need to understand which parts of an intervention are essential (and which are adaptable) when translating interventions from research to community settings, but it is challenging to do this before studying an intervention in the community. This article presents the CORE (COmponents & Rationales for Effectiveness) Fidelity Method—a new method for defining the essential components of evidence-based interventions—and applies it to a case example of Reciprocal Imitation Teaching, an intervention that parents are taught to deliver with their young children with social communication delays. The CORE Fidelity Method involves three steps: (1) gathering information from multiple sources; (2) integrating information from previous research and theory; and (3) drafting a CORE model for ongoing use. The benefits of using the CORE Fidelity Method may include: (1) improving consistency in intervention and research materials to help all providers emphasize the most important skills or strategies; (2) clarifying which parts of the intervention can be adapted; and (3) supporting future research that evaluates which intervention components work and how they work.

Download Full-text

Secondary prevention of fragility fractures

Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0071 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 545-552

Author(s):

Tahir Masud ◽

Paul J. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Secondary Prevention ◽

Social Services ◽

Fragility Fractures ◽

Falls Prevention ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Essential Components ◽

Evidence Based Treatments ◽

Timely Fashion ◽

Important Objective

People who have already suffered from a low trauma fragility fracture are at a significantly increased risk of further fractures with their associated morbidity, mortality, and cost to health and social services. It is vital therefore that secondary prevention is provided in a timely fashion to these patients. Many areas are failing to meet this important objective due to gaps in services and a lack of appropriate pathways. Successful secondary prevention requires both treating osteoporosis with evidence-based treatments and measures to prevent falls and injury. Guidelines exist for secondary prevention of both falls and fractures. Falls prevention requires a multidisciplinary approach and a comprehensive geriatric assessment should form the basis for evaluating individuals. This chapter outlines examples of innovative developments that have occurred since the start of the millennium which have improved care by allowing these essential components of secondary prevention to be brought together in a coordinated manner.

Download Full-text

The Importance of Data Within Contemporary CRM

Business Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-969-9.ch124 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 2041-2054

Author(s):

Diana Luck

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Data Collection ◽

Data Storage ◽

Relationship Management ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Customer Relationship ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Essential Components ◽

Collection Data ◽

Data Collation

In recent times, customer relationship management (CRM) has been defined as relating to sales, marketing, and even services automation. Additionally, the concept is increasingly associated with cost savings and streamline processes as well as with the engendering, nurturing and tracking of relationships with customers. Much less associations appear to be attributed to the creation, storage and mining of data. Although successful CRM is in evidence based on a triad combination of technology, people and processes, the importance of data is unquestionable. Accordingly, this chapter seeks to illustrate how, although the product and service elements as well as organizational structure and strategies are central to CRM, data is the pivotal dimension around which the concept revolves in contemporary terms. Consequently, this chapter seeks to illustrate how the processes associated with data management, namely: data collection, data collation, data storage and data mining, are essential components of CRM in both theoretical and practical terms.

Download Full-text

Individualised advance care planning in children with life-limiting conditions

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2017-312731 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 480-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erik A H Loeffen ◽

Wim J E Tissing ◽

Meggi A Schuiling-Otten ◽

Chris C de Kruiff ◽

Leontien C M Kremer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Advance Care Planning ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Care Planning ◽

User Friendliness ◽

Current Form ◽

Paediatric Palliative Care ◽

Essential Components ◽

Advance Care ◽

Evidence Based Guideline

IntroductionIn 2013, the Pediatric Association of the Netherlands launched an evidence-based guideline ‘Palliative care for children’. To promote implementation in daily practice and hereby improve quality of paediatric palliative care, we aimed to develop a functional individualised paediatric palliative care plan (IPPCP) that covers physical, psychological, spiritual and social functioning, with great emphasis on the guideline’s recommendations, advance care planning and patients’ and parents’ preferences and desires.MethodsA Dutch working group (28 individuals) with a strong multidisciplinary character developed a draft IPPCP, which was piloted retrospectively and prospectively. In the pilots we completed, the IPPCPs for patients who were recently diagnosed with a life-threatening or life-limiting condition and evaluated completeness, usability and user-friendliness.ResultsThe final IPPCP comprised five domains: (1) IPPCP data, (2) basics, (3) social, (4) psychosocial and spiritual and (5) physical care. Each domain covered various components. In both pilots, the IPPCP was considered a comprehensive document that covered all areas of paediatric palliative care and was experienced as an improvement to the present situation. However, the current form was regarded to lack user-friendliness.ConclusionWe propose a set of essential components of a comprehensive IPPCP for paediatric palliative care with extra attention for advance care planning and anticipatory action. Patients’ and parents’ preferences and desires are included next to the recommendations of the evidence-based guideline ‘Palliative care for children’.

Download Full-text