Inhaled Corticosteroids Increase Risk of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Chung Shu ◽  
Yu-Feng Wei ◽  
Kuang-Hung Chen ◽  
Shulin Chuang ◽  
Ya-Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Cumulative Duration ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Studies on use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and the risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) are limited and have some conflicting results. We recruited 1235 NTM-LD patients and found that ICS use within 1 year was associated with increased NTM-LD, and the risk increased with elevated ICS dose and cumulative duration. Discontinuation of ICS use for more than 120 days could reduce the risk of NTM-LD to an insignificant level. For NTM species, the development of NTM-LD by ICS was highest for Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease. The pooled results of the meta-analysis showed that ICS use might increase the risk of NTM-LD with dose response in medium and high dose of daily ICS. In addition, budesonide had a smaller impact on the risk of NTM-LD than other ICS medications. The present study and meta-analysis provide evidence for ICS adjustment, including dose, discontinuation effect, and medications to possibly reduce the risk of NTM-LD.

scholarly journals Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19 Risk and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Chol Choi ◽  
Sun-Young Jung ◽  
Una A. Yoon ◽  
Seung-Hun You ◽  
Myo-Song Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Hospital Type ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Case Control Analysis ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) could increase both the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and experiencing poor outcomes. To compare the clinical outcomes between ICS users and nonusers, COVID-19-related claims in the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database were evaluated. To evaluate susceptibility to COVID-19 among patients with COPD or asthma, a nested case-control study was performed using the same database. In total, 7341 patients were confirmed to have COVID-19, including 114 ICS users and 7227 nonusers. Among 5910 patients who were hospitalized, death was observed for 9% of ICS users and 4% of nonusers. However, this association was not significant when adjusted for age, sex, region, comorbidities, and hospital type (aOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.43–2.07). The case-control analysis of COPD compared 640 cases with COVID-19 to 2560 matched controls without COVID-19, and the analysis of asthma compared 90 cases with COVID-19 to 360 matched controls without COVID-19. Use of ICS was not significantly associated with COVID-19 among patients with COPD (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.46–2.25) or asthma (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.13–1.17). Prior ICS use was not significantly associated with COVID-19 in patients with COPD or asthma, nor with clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals N-6 and N-3 Fatty Acid Cholesteryl Esters in Relation to Fatal CHD in a Dutch Adult Population: A Nested Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e59408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette de Goede ◽  
W. M. Monique Verschuren ◽  
Jolanda M. A. Boer ◽  
Lisa D. M. Verberne ◽  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and breast cancer risk: a nested-case-control study and a pooled meta-analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Macis ◽  
Patrick Maisonneuve ◽  
Harriet Johansson ◽  
Bernardo Bonanni ◽  
Edoardo Botteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals What does it mean if a patient is positive for anti-Jo-1 in routine hospital practice? A retrospective nested case-control study

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Paresh Jobanputra ◽  
Feryal Malick ◽  
Emma Derrett-Smith ◽  
Tim Plant ◽  
Alex Richter
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Background:  It is widely believed that patients bearing auto-antibodies to histidyl tRNA synthetase (anti-Jo-1) very likely have a connective tissue disease including myositis and interstitial lung disease.  The value of positive tests in low disease prevalence settings such as those tested in routine care is unknown.  We sought to determine the value of anti-Jo-1 auto-antibodies in routine practice. Methods: Our study was a nested case control study within a retrospective cohort of all patients tested for anti-ENA our hospital, from any hospital department, between January 2013 and December 2014.  Data was extracted from electronic records of anti-Jo-1 positive patients and randomly selected ENA negative patients (ratio of 1:2), allowing for a minimum follow up of at least 12 months after first testing. Results: 4009 samples (3581 patients) were tested.  Anti-ENA was positive in 616 (17.2%) patients, 40 (1.1%) were anti-Jo-1 positive. Repeat ENA testing was done for 350/3581 (9.8%) patients (428 of 4009 (10.7%) samples) and in 7/40 (17.5%) of anti-Jo-1 positive patients. The median interval between the first and second request was 124 days (inter-quartile range 233 days).  The frequencies of interstitial lung disease (ILD), myositis and Raynaud’s were comparable for anti-Jo-1 positive patients (n=40) and 80 randomly selected ENA negative controls.  Positive tests led to additional diagnostic testing in the absence of clinical disease.  Sensitivity of Jo-1 for ILD was 50% (CI 19-81%), specificity 68% (CI 59-77%), positive predictive value 12.5% (CI 4 to 27%) and negative predictive value 93.8% (CI 86-98%). Of 10 (25%) patients with high anti-Jo1 levels, 3 had ILD, one myositis and two a malignancy (disseminated melanoma and CML).  Conclusion: Anti-Jo-1 is uncommon in a heterogenous hospital population and is only weakly predictive for ILD.  Repeated test requests were common and potentially unnecessary indicating that controls over repeat requests could yield significant cost savings.

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